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3) spanish colonialism in north america
- 2. New Spain was created shortly after Mexico’s conquest by Cortes The Viceroyalty was set up to leave majority of power with the crown Viceroy had limited power An Audiencia was set up to help the Viceroy No elected assembly Colonies led by three groups: Viceroy, Archbishop, Audiencia Gold and Silver were the main exports out of the region New Spain also became highly urbanized for a colony 210 chartered towns by 1628 AD Creation of New Spain
- 3. North American Exploration After 1530’s the Spanish began to look to the fringes of the America’s for opportunity Focus was on gaining access to gold and silver Rumors drove much of the exploration Cabeza de Vaca was the first Spaniard to explore North America Traveled in North America from 1528 to 1536 traveling from Texas to Central Mexico Was revered by the Native Americans for his “Healing Powers” Despite his report of no precious metals exploration soared after his return
- 5. De Soto Exploration Hernando de Soto led first major expedition into the Southeast Had participated in the conquest of Central America and Peru but wanted more Explored from 1539-43 Relied heavily on local Natives for support but treated them terribly Soto never found any precious metals and died on the banks of the Mississippi in 1542 The rest of the force soon gave up and returned to Mexico
- 6. Coronado’s Expedition Started with the false report from Fray Marcos de Niza Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led main expedition in 1640 The Spanish soon discovered the truth Coronado proceeds across the Rio Grande looking for riches First runs into the Pueblo peoples They tell him of the city of Quivira sending him into the Great Plains Proceeded to Massacre the pueblos on their return to Mexico in 1542
- 7. Due to the combination of the failures of northern expeditions and need to protect Mexico Spanish focus switched to Florida Pedro Menendez de Aviles charged with setting up a colony to counter the French at Fort Carolina in 1565 Menendez and his soldiers surprised the French and massacred them He then proceeded to found San Agustin in 1565 Menendez went on to build a number of other forts along the coast even as far north as the Chesapeake Despite this early success by 1587 all of the Spanish possessions other than San Agustin failed Florida
- 8. As Florida was shrinking the Spanish once again looked to the Rio Grande valley for expansion/protection The Spanish also changed their tactics with the adoption of the Royal Orders for New Discoveries in 1573 Stated all new conquest were called “pacifications” Called for adelantado’s to act peacefully Don Juan de Onate was given the Adelantado for the Rio Grande Valley calling it New Mexico In 1598 Onate set off with 500 colonists founding their settlement in the middle of a Pueblo community New Mexico Colony
- 9. New Mexico Cont. Onate was focused on gaining support for the colony via silver mines which failed to materialize He then turned to the Great Plains and the pacific coast but found nothing As a result the Pueblo’s fell victim to Spanish atrocities due to Onate’s inability to lead Finally in 1607 Onate was removed from power and the Franciscan’s took control of the colony While the colony continued to remain poor and weak the Franciscans did enjoy success converting the Pueblo’s By 1628 the friars had spread 50 missions through the Rio Grande Valley mainly in existing Pueblo villages