1. Sex and Your Body
Chapter Five
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2. Female Sexual Anatomy
 External Female Sex Organs (Vulva)  Internal Female Sex Organs
 Mons pubis  Uterus
 Labia majora  Endometrium
 Labia minora  Cervix
 Prepuce  Ovaries
 Clitoris  Fallopian tubes
 Urethral opening  Hymen
 Vagina
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3. Figure 5.1 The Female Sex Organs
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4. Male Sexual Anatomy
 Male sex organs: two components
 Penis
 The glans
 Corpus spongiosum
 Scrotum
 Function (temperature 93.6 degrees F)
 Testes
 Epididymis
 Seminiferous tubules within the testes
 Vas deferens
 Prostate
 Cowper’s glands
 Seminal vesicle
 Circumcision
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5. Figure 5.2 The Male Sex Organs
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6. Hormones and the
Reproductive Life Cycle
 Hormones regulated by pituitary gland
 Androgens
 Testes produce androgens, most importantly testosterone in males
 Ovaries produce estrogens, progestagens, and small amount of
testosterone in females
 Pituitary gland controlled by hypothalamus
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7. Differentiation of the Embryo
 Determined by a interaction of genetic, physiological, and
environmental factors
 Conception - combining of 23 pairs of chromosomes
 22 pairs are the same
 The 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes
 Egg carries an X sex chromosome
 Sperm carries either a X or Y chromosome
 XX provides the blueprint to produce a female
 XY provides the blueprint to produce a male
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8. Female Sexual Maturation
 Puberty begins
• Breast development between ages 8-13
• Rounding of the hips and buttocks
• Body hair growth in public region and underarms
• Rapid body growth between ages 9 and 15
• Physical maturation.
 The menstrual cycle - four phases.
 Menses
 Days 1-5
 Estrogenic phase
 Days 6-13
 Ovulation phase
 Day 14
 Progestational phase
 Days 15-27
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9. Figure 5.4 The Menstrual Cycle
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10. Menstrual Problems
 Dysmenorrhea
 Some symptoms caused from prostaglandins
 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
 Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
 Cause
 Pharmacological treatment
 Lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms
 Limit salt intake
 Exercise
 Don’t use alcohol or tobacco
 Eat a nutritious diet
 Relax
 If systems persist, keep a daily diary
 If necessary, drug treatments
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11. Male Sexual Maturation
 Occurs two years later than in girls
 Begins about 10 or 11 years old
 Physical changes:
 Testicular growth
 Penis growth
 Pubic hair growth
 Underarm and facial hair growth
 Voice deepens
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12. Aging and Human Sexuality
 Female menopause
 Ovaries gradually cease functioning
 Decreasing estrogen
 Increased risk of disease
 Aging Male Syndrome
 Gradual decrease of testosterone
between ages 35 and 65
 Takes longer to achieve sexual arousal
 Gradually become less fertile
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13. Sexual Functioning
 Sexual stimulation
 Comes from both physical and psychological stimuli
 Physical stimulation
 Through the senses
 Erogenous zones
 Psychological stimulation
 Fantasies
 Ideas
 Memories of past experiences
 Mood
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14. Sexual Response Cycle
 Physiological mechanisms
 Vasocongestion
 Muscular tension
 Four phases characterize the sexual response cycle:
3. Excitement phase
4. Plateau phase
5. Orgasmic phase
 Males (refractory phase)
6. Resolution phase
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15. Figure 5.5
Stages of the Sexual Response Cycle
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16. Sexual Problems
 Common sexual health problems
 Biological and psychological conditions:
 Women:
 Vaginitis
Candida (yeast infection)
Trichomonas
 Endometriosis
 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
 50-75% of PID cases are caused by STDs
 Men:
 Prostatitis
 Testicular cancer
 Epididymitis
 Testicular torsion
 Systemic diseases affect both men and women (e.g., diabetes)
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17. Sexual Dysfunctions
 Common sexual dysfunctions:
 Men
 Erectile dysfunction
 Premature ejaculation
 Retarded ejaculation
 Women
 Orgasmic dysfunction
 Dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
 Treatment
 Medical treatment
 Psychosocial - troubled relationships
 Behavioral
 Relaxation and massage techniques
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18. Sexual Behavior
 The development of sexual behavior
 Gender roles and gender identity
 Gender role is everything you do in your daily life that expresses your
maleness or femaleness as defined by society.
 Gender identity is your personal, inner sense of being male or female
 Transsexual feel their biological sex does not match their gender identity
 Transvestites wear clothing identified with the other gender
 Intersexed babies are born with atypical genitals; may undergo surgery to
assign them to a specific sex
 Biological and cultural influences
 Gender-role flexibility
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19. Gender, Sexuality, and the Mass Media
 Childhood sexual behavior
 Sexual play
 Adolescent sexuality
 Adult sexuality
 Sexuality in Illness and Disability
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20. Sexual Orientation
 Person’s preference in sex partners
 Heterosexuality
 Homosexuality
 Bisexuality
 Origins of Sexual Orientation
 Biological and genetic factors
 Freudian psychoanalysis - Oedipus complex
 Learning theory
 Complex series of biological and psychological interactions
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21. Varieties of Human Sexual Behavior
 Celibacy
 Autoeroticism and masturbation
 Erotic fantasy
 Touching and foreplay
 Oral-Genital stimulation
 Cunnilingus (stimulation of the female genitals)
 Fellatio (stimulation of the penis with the mouth)
 Anal intercourse
 Sexual intercourse
 Differing reasons for having sex
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22. Atypical and Problematic Sexual
Behaviors
 Conflicting feelings about sexuality
• Paraphilia
• Sexual coercion
 Commercial sex
 Pornography
 Online porn and cybersex
 Prostitution
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23. Responsible Sexual Behavior
 Careful decision making
 Open, honest communication about intentions
 Agreed-on sexual activities
 Sexual privacy
 The use of contraception
 Safer sex
 Sober sex
 Taking responsibility for the consequences
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24. Sex and Your Body
Chapter Five
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.