Technology in 2022

1. Technology in 2022
In the view of Matthew Johns
S

2. Technology of Interest in 2022
S Technology in Education
S Electronic Books
S Computers
S Cell Phones
S Television

3. Technology in Education
S In 2022 education can not be accomplished without technology.
While public schools will still exist, they will be less popular
than ever before. The development of online classes will have
taken over the nation. Ranging from elementary school through
college, people will obtain most of their education online.
S Virtual schools—those conducting all lessons via the
Internet, as opposed to “brick and mortar” traditional schools—
are now entrusted with the education of children as young as
kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. An estimated 1.5 million
American youth participate in online education today.
(Hanover, 2011)

4. Technology in Education and
the Social Learning
Theory/Social Cognitive
Theory
S The social learning theory is focused on how people learn by
modeling others. (Meadows, 2010)
S This applies to technology in education in 2022 in many ways.
S A teachers presentation can reach more people because of the
broadcasting options that the internet offer. It also allows for
teachers to not be confined by the space of a classroom and
serve more students at once.
S People can perform hands on tasks to help them learn by
watching videos of someone performing a task.
S One of the benefits of this is the ability to rewind a video instead of
having to ask someone to repeat the demonstration.

5. Technology in Education and
the Social Learning
Theory/Social Cognitive
Theory
S Part of this theory includes the social context. While people
may learn from these online modules or demonstrations this
theory also looks at whether or not the behavior is imitated. If
the behavior is reinforced, the student will duplicate the
behavior. But if the behavior is punished then the student will
not repeat this behavior. For example if a student watches an
instructor as they are attempting to combine two chemicals.
The goal of the demonstration was a simple reaction but when
the instructor mixes the two chemicals together, the whole lab
where the instructor is at blows up. The student would not want
to face that punishment of performing that behavior.

6. Electronic Books
We have came a long way since The Bay Psalm Book
S Hardcover books will be a thing of the past. Authors will
just offer their books through online e-bookstores such as
Amazon or iBooks.
S According to CNN in May of 2011, Amazon now sells more
e-books than paper books. (Griggs, 2011)
(Murph, 2011)

7. Umbrella Perspective and
E-Books
S Social System: includes political, economic, and media systems as well as other groups of
individuals or organizations serving a common set of functions in society. Can be
enabling, limiting, motivating or inhibiting.
S Organizational Infrastructure: the group of organizations involved in the production and
distribution of the technology. Can be enabling, limiting, motivating or inhibiting.
S Hardware: The physical element of the Umbrella Perspective. Can only be enabling or
limiting.
S Software: information manipulated by the computer, as well as the instructions used by the
computer to manipulate the data.
S Individual User: implies that the relationship between the user and a technology must be
examined in order to get a “handle” on the technology. Can be
enabling, limiting, motivating or inhibiting.

8. Umbrella Perspective and
E-Books (continued)
S How e-books apply in each aspect:
S Social System: E-books in society are more desirable, and will continue to be especially from the
economic aspect. They are more affordable and take up less space. These can be considered
motivating factors.
S Organizational Infrastructure: E-books are being sold by some of the top organizations in the media
field such as Amazon and Apple. These organizations are enabling factors because they are very
capable of producing the technology to make e-books an appealing option.
S Hardware: The hardware used such as the Apple iPad and the more affordable Amazon Kindle line
are attractive enabling factors that make the applications for e-books possible.
S Software: When I think about the software of e-books, I think about the applications and stores that
are used in purchasing and reading the e-books. With the iBooks store and the Amazon store, I
believe that all new books will be available through these outlets in 2022. I believe that the ease of
use and the convenience of being able to purchase books at your home are motivating factors. I also
believe that the interactivity of the e-books is a motivating factor.
S Individual User: People are adopting these tablets/e-readers as a new must have. This will still be the
case in 2022. One of the best forms of advertising are people’s recommendations to their friends and
coworkers and this is something that will be spread the e-books market, which is motivating.

9. Computers of 2022
S Computers will be much more powerful in 2022 and have much more come with
them standard. As mentioned in lecture, Moore’s Law states that every 18 months to
2 years computers will be twice as powerful. This will allow for great innovations
over the next 10 years.
S You will be able to control your home from your computer or tablet. Things such as
forgetting to turn out the lights in a room will not be an issue when you can easily do
so on your tablet or computer.
S Tablets will almost replace laptops. While laptops will still be around, tablets will be
used as a more economic means of portable computing. They also will be more
powerful than the laptops of today. With tablets being used not only for reading or
apps, it will be used more for productivity and business.
S The reason that tablets will take off is because of the Network Effect. The Network
Effect states that the more people that use a product, the more powerful the
technology. With so many people using tablets now, there will be more innovations in
the tablet market.

10. Critical Mass Theory and
Computers
S The critical mass theory states that there have to be some
innovators and early adopters who are willing to take the risk to
try a new interactive technology. This is believed to be making
a big contribution to the public good. (Meadows, 2010)
S With computers, I believe that there has been a critical mass
that allows for this investment of time and money into
developing new products. I believe that without this critical
mass that tried out tablets for example, we would not see as
many on the market now, and they would not be around in
2022.

11. Cell Phones of 2022
S Cell Phones will continue being the dominant type of phone. House phones will be a
rare commodity.
S Cell phones will be used for making purchases and accessing bank accounts. They
will also store your identification card and drivers license. This will allow cell phones
to be the only thing you need to carry on you. It will be a great convenience to not
have to carry a wallet but will have security issues that arise from it. Identify theft is
currently a huge issue but it is something that is already being worked on in 2012 for
2022. A current hot topic is the Cell Phone Theft Prevention Act of 2012. According
to opencongress.org this act is to, “To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to
prohibit mobile service providers from providing service on mobile electronic devices
that have been reported stolen and to require such providers to give consumers the
ability to remotely delete data from mobile electronic devices, and for other
purposes.” This will allow people to immediately wipe all of their information off of
their phones as soon as their phone is lost or stolen. I think this will allow for the type
of transactions that I mention above. (112 Congress, 2012)

12. Cell Phones and the Uses and
Gratifications Theory
S The Uses and Gratifications Theory tries to give insight into
what people do with technology. It believes users are actively
seeking different media to fulfill different needs.
(Meadows, 2010)
S One of the things that the perspective focuses on are needs
which generates expectations. I believe that the cell phones
multiple uses that I mention we will have in 2022, are a good
example of people expecting more because of what they
believe to be as needs. While realistically, we do not need a
more convenient way to go about using our money, people
enjoy the convenience. With this feeling of need, cell phone
providers will develop the software to be able to complete
money transactions at stores and many more things.

13. Television in 2022
S Televisions will be used for more than just watching cable TV. Smart TV’s will take
off and be the dominant television in the market.
S Movie rentals and purchases will be made more through your television more than
through any other outlet.
S Televisions will also be utilized as an outlet for updating social media and sharing
what you are currently watching with others. You will be able to see status updates
on your TV about the shows you are watching at that time. You can share your
thoughts with friends on your favorite shows while they are going on without having
to get off of the couch. There will be voice recognition software similar to that of the
Xbox Kinect that updates your status for you and shares it across all of the social
media outlets.
S Television will be used as the major news outlet streaming news from network
stations and online outlets such as the New York Times.

14. Roger’s Diffusion of
Innovations and Television
S The television has already been through the innovation and
adoption of innovation stage. I believe that the television is
going through a reinvention stage where the technology is used
for something other than it’s original intent. When the television
was originally invented to serve as a broadcasting medium
without knowing of the need of things such as incorporating
social networking.
S These smart televisions I believe are currently appealing to the
early majority stage of the order of adoption. By 2022, the only
people that will not have a smart television are the laggards.

15. Moore’s Innovation Adoption
Rate and Television
S Moore explored the diffusion of innovations and noted
there are gaps between each level. (Meadows, 2010)
S According to Moore, for the next level of adopter to commit
to purchasing an item, the product must show a major new
benefit.
S With televisions this includes the introductions of 3D, internet
capability, and I believe by 2022 it will be the only way to rent or
buy movies. I think this is the major new benefit that will force
all levels of adopters into televisions to buy in.

16. Television and the Media
System Dependency Theory
S The Media System Dependency Theory states that to understand
the role of a medium that you have to examine the relationships at
multiple levels of analysis. These levels include the audience, the
organizational level, the media system level, and society in
general. (Meadows, 2010)
S This relates to television in 2022 because television will be
important for people to learn of the news of the day as it will be the
only outlet besides just surfing the internet. Newspapers will be no
more as they are already today depending on trying to keep an
audience that is dying out. Society has found that they can get the
same information without hard copies. I also believe in 2022 many
things will be paperless in an effort to be more eco-friendly.

17. The Theory of the Long Tail
and Television of 2022
S This theory looks at television and movies of today and compares them to
what would have been on TV 15 years ago. According to Chris Anderson
there are less “hits” than their used to be. He acknowledges that there are
opportunities for networks to capitalize on this through using niche shows
and channels. Since there are more channels now there are shows that
can be made for almost any type of person with almost any type of
interest.
S This applies to television in 2022 because there will be over 1,000
channels, more than ever before. As I mentioned in the first television
slide, the TV will be interconnected with the internet. I think that this will
allow more outlets to be broadcast through your television and even more
niche shows and the number of long tail products will continue to grow.
(Meadows, 2010)

18. The Principle of Relative
Constancy and the Television
S The Principle of Relative Constancy says that people spend a
constant fraction of their disposable income on mass media
over time. (Meadows, 2010)
S This applies to television in 2022 because people will commit
their disposable income that they now spend on different types
of media entertainment and news solely on their television
services. I believe this will be a big hit to companies that rent
movies, even companies like Redbox. I also think that this will
hurt the movie theater industry. With people having so many
options on their home television set, there will be no need to
leave the home for media.

19. References
S Griggs. (2011, May 19). Amazon e-books now outselling print books. Retrieved from http://articles.cnn.com/2011-
05-19/tech/kindle.outsells.books_1_kindle-e-reader-kindle-device-e-books?_s=PM:TECH
S Hanover, N. (2011, September 01). Outsourcing education: The rise of virtual schools. Retrieved from
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2011/sep2011/virt-s01.shtml
S Meadows, J. H. (2010). Communication technology update and fundamentals. (12 ed., p. 50). Burlington, MA:
Elsevier Inc.
S Meadows, J. H. (2010). Communication technology update and fundamentals. (12 ed., p. 52). Burlington, MA:
Elsevier Inc.
S Meadows, J. H. (2010). Communication technology update and fundamentals. (12 ed., p. 53). Burlington, MA:
Elsevier Inc.
S Meadows, J. H. (2010). Communication technology update and fundamentals. (12 ed., p. 54). Burlington, MA:
Elsevier Inc.
S Meadows, J. H. (2010). Communication technology update and fundamentals. (12 ed., p. 55). Burlington, MA:
Elsevier Inc.
S Murph, D. (Producer). (2011). Amazon kindle. [Web Photo]. Retrieved from
http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/28/amazon-fire-tablet-unveiled-7-inch-display-199-price-tag/
S 112 Congress. (2012, March 22). Cell phone prevention act of 2012. Retrieved from
http://www.opencongress.org/bill/112-h4247/text