Early humans arrived in North America around 12,000-14,000 years ago via the Bering Strait. Advanced civilizations like the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans developed in Mexico, Peru, and Central America. European contact began with Vikings led by Leif Erickson reaching Newfoundland around 1000 AD. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal established the Lisbon observatory and sponsored explorers like Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama, expanding Portugal's overseas exploration and conquest between 1400-1600. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain sponsored Christopher Columbus, leading to Spanish conquest of Aztec Mexico and Inca Peru by conquistadores like Cortes, Balboa, and P

1. Chapter 1

2. Early American Settlement
12,000 – 14,000 year ago
Bering Strait

10. Advanced Civilizations
Aztecs - Mexico
Incas - Peru
Mayans – Central America

12. European Contact
Leif Erickson (1000)
Newfoundland

13. Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator
– Lisbon observatory
– Cueta

14. Map 15.1: Overseas
Exploration and Conquest, c.
1400-1600

15. Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator
– Lisbon observatory
– Cueta
– Bartholomew Diaz (Tip of Africa)
– Vasco da Gama (India)
– Sao Tome

16. Map 15.1: Overseas
Exploration and Conquest, c.
1400-1600

17. Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella
Christopher Columbus
– Bahamas
Treaty of Tordisillas 1494
– Divide world at 100 degrees west between
Portugal and Spain

18. Spain
Conquistadores
Ponce de Leon – Florida
Balboa – Panama and Pacific Ocean
Cortes – Aztecs of Mexico
Magellan and del Cano – First round the
world voyage
Francisco Franco

19. Map 15.1: Overseas
Exploration and Conquest, c.
1400-1600

20. Spain
Da Vaca - Gulf of Mexico and Texas
De Soto – Carolinas to Miss. River
Coronado – Southwest (Arizona,
Colorado)

22. Cultural Exchanges
Europe gives – Horses, Cows, Sugar
– Smallpox, Measles
America gives –corns, beans, potatoes
– Venereal Diseases

23. American Holocaust
David Stannard
100 million – 1500
1 million - 1600
375,000 - 1900

24. Other Explorers
Henry Cabot – (Br.) New England area
Verrazano – (Fr.) East Coast
Cartier – St. Lawrence River

25. Map 15.1: Overseas
Exploration and Conquest, c.
1400-1600

26. Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
John Calvin
King Henry VIII of England
– Catherine of Aragon
– Anglican Church

27. The Rise of England
Elizabeth I
Captain Francis Drake
– Cloves
1587 Sir Walter Raleigh
– Roanoke Island
– Virginia Dare
1588 Spanish Armada
– Phillip II