1. AIDS 101
Basic Knowledge on
HIV and AIDS
DSWD-Social Technology
Bureau
Ms. Elma Solis-Salamat

2. RATIONALE
 Pursuant to R.A. 8504 “The
National AIDS Prevention
and Control Act of 1998.”
 The Civil Service
Commission (CSC) made the
Announcement No. 21, series
of 2010 mandating all
government agencies to
integrate and implement HIV
and AIDS workplace policy
and education program.

3. DOH-NEC HIV CASES

4. Geographic Distributions

5. HIV and AIDS
“There is a hidden and growing HIV
Transmission in the Philippines.”
6 cases a day, therefore, we should
not be complacent.

6. What is HIV ?
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) - The virus which
causes AIDS.
What is AIDS ?
 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) A
condition characterized by a combination of signs and
symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another
which attacks and weakens the body’s immune
system, making the afflicted individual susceptible to
other life-threatening infections

7. AIDS HAS TWO FACES
HIV INFECTION – Successful entry of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus inside the body; no
signs or symptoms
AIDS –Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome; terminal stage; with signs and
symptoms; presence of opportunistic
infections

8. How HIV Affects the Immune System
http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/

9. 10/02/1310/02/13
MODES OF HIVTRANSMISSIONMODES OF HIVTRANSMISSION::
1. Sexual contact1. Sexual contact
• Contact with infectedContact with infected
semen and vaginalsemen and vaginal
fluid through vaginal,fluid through vaginal,
anal or oral sexanal or oral sex
MMWR, January 21, 2005 / 54(RR02);1-20

10. 10/02/1310/02/13
• Sharing of contaminatedSharing of contaminated
needles and syringes byneedles and syringes by
IV drug users (IDUs)IV drug users (IDUs)
• Driving force of HIVDriving force of HIV
epidemics in Asianepidemics in Asian
countriescountries
• In the latest report of theIn the latest report of the
NEC, one IDU wasNEC, one IDU was
documented to bedocumented to be
infected with HIVinfected with HIV
MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
2. Exposure to infected blood and blood Products

11. 10/02/1310/02/13
MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
3. Exposure to infected blood and blood Products in3. Exposure to infected blood and blood Products in
the hospital settingthe hospital setting
 Blood TransfusionBlood Transfusion Organ Transplant Accidents in
health care

12.  MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSIONMODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION
4. Infected mother to child
During pregnancy During delivery During breast
feeding

13. HIV is NOT transmitted thru:
Coughing /
Sneezing
Shaking Hands Sharing Nipper
Embracing Kissing
Dr. Uddin/CHO
Eating
Using Public Toilet
Swimming pool Mosquito
Bite

14. 10/02/1310/02/13
Natural History of HIV infection
Viral transmission
Recovery + seroconversion
Asymptomatic chronic HIV infection
Symptomatic HIV infection /AIDS
Death
Acute retroviral syndrome
2-3 weeks
2-3 weeks
4-12 weeks
Avg. 8 yrs
Avg. 1.3 yrs
It can take 10-15 years for an HIV-infected person to develop AIDS
Antiretroviral drugs can slow down the process even further

15.  CD4 count
- normal above 800 - 1050 cells/mm3
 The lower the CD4 count, the more
severe is the HIV infection
 Viral Load (HIV RNA)
 directly measures the number of virus
in one’s body
 units: copies/ml
 The higher the viral load, the more
severe the infection
How to monitor HIV in one’s body?

16. GOALS OF AntiretroViral
(ARV) Medicines
 slows down the multiplication of HIV
 lowers the ability of HIV to damage the
immune system
 Restore immunologic function
 stabilise or increase in CD4 cell count
 Stop disease progression (new infections)
 Improve of quality of life

17. Window Period PLWAPLWAPLHIV

18. Clinical Stage 1: Persons Living with HIV

19. 10/02/13
Herpes Zooster
Clinical Stage 2: Minor Cutaneous
Manifestations

20. 10/02/13
Clinical stage 3: Persistent oral candidiasis

21. 10/02/13
Cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma
Clinical Stage 4

22. 10/02/13
Chronic Herpes Simplex infections
Clinical Stage 4

23. 10/02/1310/02/13
Testing algorithm for HIV in theTesting algorithm for HIV in the
PhilippinesPhilippines
 Screening test: ELISAScreening test: ELISA
 Detects presence ofDetects presence of antibodiesantibodies toto
HIVHIV
 Accuracy of greater than 99%Accuracy of greater than 99%
 Almost everyone becomes positiveAlmost everyone becomes positive
within three months of infectionwithin three months of infection
 Confirmatory test : WesternConfirmatory test : Western
blotblot
Source: Pinsky and Douglas, The Columbia University Handbook on HIV and AIDS 2003

24. IKAW BA AY?
Nakikipagtalik ka ba sa isang
“Positibo”
Tumuturok ka ba ng
droga?

25. Sinalinan ka ba
ng dugo?
Maraming
katalik?
IKAW BA AY?

26. IKAW BA AY?
Mga lalaking
nakikipagtalik sa
kapwa lalaki?
Sumuso sa inang
positibo?

27. KUNG GANOON IKAW AY?
MAY HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR

29. 10/02/1310/02/13
Prevention is the keyPrevention is the key
 NO effective vaccine for HIVNO effective vaccine for HIV
 NO cure for HIVNO cure for HIV
 Treatment is lifelongTreatment is lifelong

30. ABCDE Prevention of HIVABCDE Prevention of HIV
ABSTINENCE: Do not have
sex. In the case of adolescents,
delaying sexual debut (age of
first sexual encounter) will
help.
BE FAITHFUL/MONOGAMOUS-
Have ONE sexual partner

31. Prevention of HIVPrevention of HIV
CORRECT and consistent use
of CONDOM and safer sex
practices
DO NOT inject drugs

32. Prevention of HIVPrevention of HIV
 EDUCATION- Early
diagnosis and
treatment of STI/
Education on
STI-HIV

33. HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS
WITH HIV?
DO NOT STIGMATIZE THEM.

34. HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS
WITH HIV?
DO NOT ISOLATE THEM.

35. HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS
WITH HIV?
CONSIDER THEM A PART OF THE COMMUNITY.

36. AIDS or HIV infection can be treated but
cannot be cured
A person with HIV is infectious for life
Anyone can get HIV
You cannot tell who is infected
HIV is preventable