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Hotspot 2.0




 Dr. Mazlan Abbas
Agenda

       The Problem
       A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi
       What can Go Wrong?
       Conclusions
According to the Wi-Fi Alliance, about 200 million households
use Wi-Fi networks, and there are about 750,000 Wi-Fi
hotspots worldwide. Wi-Fi is used by over 700 million people
and there are about 800 million new Wi-Fi devices every year.
Making WiFi Easy to Use as Cellular
• Until recently, mobile operators have viewed the
  unlicensed spectrum and Wi-Fi as an extension of their
  fixed broadband business or as a complementary hotspot
  business, but not as a viable extension of their mobile
  business.
• With the introduction of smartphones such as Apple’s
  iPhone and Google’s Android and the transition from a
  mobile voice business model to a mobile data model, more
  tier-one mobile operators are taking a closer look at how to
  take advantage of the unlicensed spectrum and Wi-Fi as
  part of their mobile strategy.
• They realize that the operator with the best licensed and
  unlicensed strategy will deliver the most data service and
  the best mobile experience at the highest profit margin
Cisco Visual Networking Index
      • In 2010, global mobile data traffic nearly tripled (it grew to be 2.6
        times larger than the previous year) for the third year in a
        row, despite a slow economic recovery, increased traffic
        offload, and the advent of tiered pricing.
      • Global mobile data traffic will increase 26 times from 2010 to
        2015, a 92 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR).
      • The average mobile connection speed will increase by a factor of 10
        from 2010 (215 kbps) to 2015 (2.2 Mbps), a 60 percent CAGR.
      • The average mobile connection speed will increase 10 times from
        2010 (215 kbps) to 2015 (2.2 Mbps), a 60 percent CAGR.
      • By 2015, global mobile data traffic will reach an annual run rate of
        75 exabytes per year. 75 exabytes is equal to 75 times more than all
        IP traffic generated in 2000, or 19 billion DVDs, or 536 quadrillion
        SMS text messages.


[Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, 2010-2015]
Finding an Alternative
• This demand increase began because of the popularity of the Apple
  iPhone, Research In Motion’s Blackberry, and subsequently
  Android-based phones. Tablets, gaming consoles, laptops and
  netbooks, machine-to-machine communications, and non-
  smartphones are only adding to the demand.
• Cellular carriers are looking for solutions to offload this data traffic
  from their cellular networks.
• Offloading data to hotspots is an economically attractive
  alternative, because many carriers already operate a substantial
  number of hotspots.
• Mobile operators would like to provide a user experience on Wi-Fi
  networks similar to that provided on 3rd Generation networks.
• This means making Wi-Fi as easy to use as cellular and providing it
  with cryptographically equivalent mutual authentication and link-
  layer security.
Usability Problems in Today’s Hotspots
•   Login process.
     –   After association to a hotspot, the user launches a browser to enter credentials. If this was not the first
         application launched after association, services are unavailable. For example, if a user launches an email
         client first, email would not work (due to protocol blocking as the user is unauthenticated). This remains
         confusing to many users since the mobile device’s connection manager indicates that the device is
         connected.
•   Time-limited credentials.
     –   Problems occur when the user has authenticated with time-limited credentials (for example, at a hotel).
         When the time runs out, network access is suddenly lost, but the connection manager continues to indicate
         that the device is connected.
•   Hotspot selection.
     –   In many locations, multiple Wi-Fi networks are within radio range of the mobile device. If the mobile device
         recognizes a service set identifier (SSID), it typically joins that network. However, if the mobile device
         doesn’t recognize an SSID, the user needs to go through a long list of steps to gain Internet access. The user
         must launch the device’s connection manager, select the SSID in order to connect to the network, launch a
         browser, enter a new URL, and then enter credentials. While this may be tolerable at times, it drains the
         device’s battery and is subject to errors. Because it’s time-consuming, it can be a problem for hosted
         services with mobility requirements (for example, voice call handover). Furthermore, because it’s manual, it
         severely limits data offload.
•   Hotspots operated by roaming partners.
     –   In situations where the mobile device needs to log in to a hotspot operated by a roaming partner of the
         home service provider, the SSID will often be new to the mobile device. This necessitates a manual login
         process requiring user intervention. Consequently, carriers lose the opportunity for their roaming policies to
         affect network selection. This can result in higher roaming fees paid to non-preferred hotspot
         operators, reduced service levels, and increased user frustration.
Wireless Internet Service Provider
            roaming (WISPr)
• Because of these usability issues, some Wi-Fi Alliance members banded
  together to develop Wireless Internet Service Provider roaming (WISPr)
  1.0.
• The specification was completed in 2003 (later the specification was
  officially withdrawn and the Wi-Fi Alliance chose not to develop a WISPr
  certification).
• WISPr 1.0 was one of the first attempts to automate hotspot login and
  authentication. WISPr 1.0 provided automated login by embedding XML
  data structures within the webpages delivered to mobile devices during
  WebAuth. However, WISPr 1.0 met with limited success as interoperability
  problems ensued.
• Over the years, carriers, device manufacturers, and third-party software
  vendors have continued to produce proprietary solutions to automate
  hotspot login. Today, the market is fractured with many different, non-
  interoperable solutions available. In addition to the bewildering
  array, these solutions have shortcomings. It’s time for the hotspot industry
  to move on.
The Problem
8,000%
Hotspot 2.0 - Concept and Challenges
Cisco Mobile Visual Networking Index
MNO Data Business Model Unsustainable

   Operators must find a way
    to manage and monetize
    all of this mobile data
    traffic growth.
   No magic bullet - the
    solution must be a
    combination of traffic
    offload initiatives, mobile
    network upgrades,
    pricing innovation, and
    customer education.
What Can the
Operator Do?
More Efficiency
Strategies for
Cellular Growth
More Efficiency
Strategies for
Cellular Growth
                  More Spectrum
More Efficiency
Strategies for
Cellular Growth
                  More Spectrum


                  Smaller Cells
✔ More Efficiency

Service Provider
Wi-Fi Hits       ✔ More Spectrum
All Three

              ✔ Smaller Cells
Nice, but . . .
. . . interference risk to QoE
Photocourtesy of Flickruser ClearlyAmbiguous
. . . web-based authentication
. . . and an unlocked air interface
  Photocourtesy of Flickruser Leonid Mamchenkov
Agenda

       The Problem
       A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi
       What can Go Wrong?
       Conclusions
Next-Generation Hotspot Technologies
• There are three technology pillars to Next-
  Generation Hotspot:
  – IEEE 802.11u
  – WPA2-Enterprise
  – EAP-based
• All these technologies are an integral part of
  Wi-Fi Certified PasspointTM
Next-Generation Hotspot Secure
             Authentication
• In order to take full advantage of Next-Generation Hotspot
  capabilities, carriers and users alike require an easy-to-use authentication
  mechanism.
• Network selection by a mobile device and authentication to the selected
  network should be carried out autonomously by the device without the
  need for user intervention (for example, the user entering a username and
  password).
• The natural choice for GSM carriers is to use the subscriber identity
  module (SIM) credentials already carried in their subscribers’ mobile
  devices, combined with EAP-SIM authentication.
• Similarly, the natural choice for Universal Mobile Telecommunications
  Service (UMTS) carriers is to use USIM credentials in conjunction with
  Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for UMTS Authentication and
  Key Agreement (EAP-AKA).
• The Wi-Fi Alliance’s WPA2-Enterprise certification already provides an
  option for EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA interoperability testing.
Credentials and EAP Methods for
            Roaming Networks
• Nearly all carriers need to handle a wide variety of mobile devices on their
  networks. Some devices will have SIM cards (for example, smartphones);
  some devices may not (for example, Apple’s iPad, laptops, and netbooks).
• Therefore, most, if not all, hotspot networks will need to support several
  different credential types along with their associated EAP methods.
• For example, X.509 certificate credentials can be used, and they provide
  equivalent authentication robustness as SIM credentials.
• Furthermore, nearly all hotspot operators have the need to provision
  username and password credentials for their “walk-up” customers.
• Code division multiple access (CDMA) carriers would likely employ
  username and password credentials for Wi-Fi hotspot authentication.
Next-Generation Hotspot Network
       Discovery and Selection
• IEEE 802.11u, the amendment addressing
  “Interworking with External Networks,” was
  completed by the 802.11u task group in mid-
  2010 and approved by the IEEE for publication
  in February 2011.
• The purpose of the amendment is to provide
  an effective interface between an IEEE 802.11
  access network and carrier networks.
Next-Generation Hotspot Network
         Discovery and Selection
• Network discovery and selection
    – Provides for the discovery of suitable networks (pre-association) through the
      advertisement of access network type (private network, free public network, for-fee
      public network), roaming consortium, and venue information.
    – Generic Advertisement Service (GAS), which provides for Layer 2 transport of an
      advertisement protocol’s frames between a mobile device and a server in the network
      prior to authentication. The access point is responsible for the relay of a mobile device’s
      query to a server in the carrier’s network and for delivering the server’s response back
      to the mobile.
    – Provides Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP), which is a query and response
      protocol used by a mobile device to discover a range of information, including roaming
      partners accessible through the hotspot along with their credential type and EAP
      method supported for authentication; IP address type availability (for
      example, IPv4, IPv6); the hotspot operator’s name; and other metadata useful in a
      mobile device’s network selection process.
• QoS map distribution
    – This provides a mapping between the IP’s differentiated services code point (DSCP) to
      over-the-air Layer 2 priority on a per-device basis, facilitating end-to-end QoS.
How IEEE 802.11u-capable mobile
 device to authenticate with a hotspot
1. The mobile device comes within radio range of one or more hotspots and receives their
   beacons. These beacons indicate support for the IEEE 802.11u protocol via the Interworking
   element. The SSID element in the beacon provides the Wi-Fi network name. (In the next
   steps, it’s assumed that the mobile device doesn’t recognize any of the received SSIDs.)
2. The mobile device uses GAS to post an ANQP query to an access point for each of the SSIDs
   discovered in step 1. In response, each access point provides the hotspot operator’s name
   and network access identifier (NAI) realm list.
3. The mobile device next retrieves its credential (realm) from local storage and uses it to
   authenticate. The mobile device then compares that realm to the list of roaming partner’s
   realms it retrieved in step 2 (in the NAI realm list). If there is a match, the mobile device
   knows it should be able to successfully authenticate with that network. If there is more than
   one match, the mobile device uses operator policy to determine which Wi-Fi network to join.
4. The mobile device next retrieves its operator policy for network selection from local storage
   and looks up an ordered list of operator name and preference-level pairs for each of its
   roaming partners. The mobile device then compares the hotspot operator’s name(s) received
   in step 2 with this list and selects the network having the highest preference level.
5. The mobile device authenticates to that network using its credential. In cases where the
   mobile device is in possession of more than one credential (for example, the mobile has a
   SIM and username/password credentials), it can use the NAI realm list to learn the
   acceptable credential type(s) and EAP method(s).
WiFi Alliance
            Hot Spot 2.0
What is       Making the hotspot a natural
              element of the operator
Changing?     network

            WBA WISPr 2.0
             Supporting operator business
             relationships
Feature Set
WiFi Alliance     • 802.11u Smart
Hot Spot 2.0         Detection
                  • 802.11i Encryption
                  • 802.1x AAA with EAP
                     SIM
 Making the hotspot a natural element of the
 operator network
Time Line
WiFi           • Standards work
Alliance Hot      complete
Spot 2.0       • Vendor test event
                  Sep 2011
               • WFA certification by
                  mid-2012
Wireless           Extending WRIX
 Broadband          Wireless Roaming IntermediaryExchange


 Alliance           • Interconnect
 WISPr 2.0          • Data clearing
                    • Financial settlement



Supporting WiFi operator interconnect since 2007
Features
Wireless         • Seamless AAA for
Broadband           roaming users using
Alliance            WFA Hotspot 2.0
WISPr 2.0           architecture
                 • Also for clearing
                    house and hub
                    interconnect services
  Brings SIM-based roaming to Wi-Fi Arena
MSAP: Making Next-Generation Hotspots Even Better
       with New Service and Revenue Opportunities
•    Many venues that have deployed Wi-Fi access networks don’t fall under the
     common understanding of hotspot, such as coffee shops, airports, and hotels. For
     example, Wi-Fi is being deployed in sports stadiums, retail shopping malls, and
     other public places. Often, these venues wish to deploy local services not
     accessible through the public Internet. Increasingly, carriers are operating these
     networks on behalf of venue owners as part of a managed service offering.
•    Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol (MSAP) is a protocol for service
     discovery, enabling the connection of users to venue services.
•    Because MSAP is transported via IEEE 802.11u GAS, mobile devices can query for
     local services prior to authenticating to a Wi-Fi network. Mobile devices
     performing an MSAP query securely retrieve icons and service URLs; the mobile
     device’s UI displays the icons (when enabled/requested by the user).
•    When the user clicks on the icon, the mobile device launches an application, such
     as a browser to the URL, thereby accessing the service. In so doing, users are
     securely, easily, and immediately connected to venue-based services.
•    Examples of such services in a stadium include display of a stadium map showing
     food kiosks and restrooms, looking up player statistics, and watching instant
     replays.
Agenda

       The Problem
       A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi
       What can Go Wrong?
       Conclusions
Hotspot 2.0 does
 not solve
 interference
 problems

Customerexperiencecan not be guaranteed
Hotspot 2.0
 faces an installed
 base hurdle


Replacing old accesspoints is long process
Agenda

       The Problem
       A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi
       What can Go Wrong?
       Conclusions
Promising, But Not a Pancea

Advantages

 Seamless, transparent Wi-Fi access for nomadic
  customers

 Secure air interface

 Foundation for roaming revenue
Promising, But Not a Pancea

Hype may Obscure Challenges

 Challenge in replacing the existing access points

 Business case for smaller Wireless Internet Service
  Providers (WISPs) may fail due on CapEx challenge

 Missing policy mechanisms to intelligently steer
  around interference
Hotspot 2.0 Impact
 Biggest Win For:
    Greenfield deployments
    Existing mobile operators augmenting overloaded
     networks

 Good Win For:
    Existing WISPs with upgradable hardware


 Tough Choice For:
    WISPs with obsolete plant
    WISPs with limited access to WBA Roaming providers
Next-Generation Hotspot Deployment
•    Although these technologies can be easily installed as software upgrades, careful planning is
     still required for a successful deployment.
•    Wireless network infrastructure (access points, controllers, authentication servers), and client
     devices (phones, tablets, laptops) alike need new software, but hotspot functionality also
     needs configuration from the service provider and/or hotspot operator (venue owner).
•    Since a key innovation for Hotspot 2.0 is providing information to a mobile Wi-Fi device
     before it has associated and authenticated to the network (in effect, providing information to
     assist the mobile device in selecting a network), there are a number of potentially interesting
     parameters to be configured as discoverable. Examples include (but are not limited to):
      –   Venue Name
      –   Venue Info
      –   Operator Friendly Name
      –   Hotspot Query and Hotspot Capabilities lists
      –   3GPP Cellular Network information (for hotspots having roaming relationships with cellular operators
          that use a SIM-based infrastructure)
      –   Network Authentication Type
      –   IP Address Type Availability
      –   Roaming Consortium list
Strategic
                                   Amplifiers
          Distributed
                         Traditional                 Options for
    Antenna Systems
                         In-Building                 Operators
                            Tools      Repeaters
             Wi-Fi Offload                           Many Tools . . .
                                                     No One Answer


Additional Macro                                Femtocells
       Coverage
               Expand              Customer
              Operator               Owned
   Pico Cells Network              Extensions
Thank You

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Hotspot 2.0 - Concept and Challenges

  • 1. Hotspot 2.0 Dr. Mazlan Abbas
  • 2. Agenda  The Problem  A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi  What can Go Wrong?  Conclusions
  • 3. According to the Wi-Fi Alliance, about 200 million households use Wi-Fi networks, and there are about 750,000 Wi-Fi hotspots worldwide. Wi-Fi is used by over 700 million people and there are about 800 million new Wi-Fi devices every year.
  • 4. Making WiFi Easy to Use as Cellular • Until recently, mobile operators have viewed the unlicensed spectrum and Wi-Fi as an extension of their fixed broadband business or as a complementary hotspot business, but not as a viable extension of their mobile business. • With the introduction of smartphones such as Apple’s iPhone and Google’s Android and the transition from a mobile voice business model to a mobile data model, more tier-one mobile operators are taking a closer look at how to take advantage of the unlicensed spectrum and Wi-Fi as part of their mobile strategy. • They realize that the operator with the best licensed and unlicensed strategy will deliver the most data service and the best mobile experience at the highest profit margin
  • 5. Cisco Visual Networking Index • In 2010, global mobile data traffic nearly tripled (it grew to be 2.6 times larger than the previous year) for the third year in a row, despite a slow economic recovery, increased traffic offload, and the advent of tiered pricing. • Global mobile data traffic will increase 26 times from 2010 to 2015, a 92 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR). • The average mobile connection speed will increase by a factor of 10 from 2010 (215 kbps) to 2015 (2.2 Mbps), a 60 percent CAGR. • The average mobile connection speed will increase 10 times from 2010 (215 kbps) to 2015 (2.2 Mbps), a 60 percent CAGR. • By 2015, global mobile data traffic will reach an annual run rate of 75 exabytes per year. 75 exabytes is equal to 75 times more than all IP traffic generated in 2000, or 19 billion DVDs, or 536 quadrillion SMS text messages. [Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, 2010-2015]
  • 6. Finding an Alternative • This demand increase began because of the popularity of the Apple iPhone, Research In Motion’s Blackberry, and subsequently Android-based phones. Tablets, gaming consoles, laptops and netbooks, machine-to-machine communications, and non- smartphones are only adding to the demand. • Cellular carriers are looking for solutions to offload this data traffic from their cellular networks. • Offloading data to hotspots is an economically attractive alternative, because many carriers already operate a substantial number of hotspots. • Mobile operators would like to provide a user experience on Wi-Fi networks similar to that provided on 3rd Generation networks. • This means making Wi-Fi as easy to use as cellular and providing it with cryptographically equivalent mutual authentication and link- layer security.
  • 7. Usability Problems in Today’s Hotspots • Login process. – After association to a hotspot, the user launches a browser to enter credentials. If this was not the first application launched after association, services are unavailable. For example, if a user launches an email client first, email would not work (due to protocol blocking as the user is unauthenticated). This remains confusing to many users since the mobile device’s connection manager indicates that the device is connected. • Time-limited credentials. – Problems occur when the user has authenticated with time-limited credentials (for example, at a hotel). When the time runs out, network access is suddenly lost, but the connection manager continues to indicate that the device is connected. • Hotspot selection. – In many locations, multiple Wi-Fi networks are within radio range of the mobile device. If the mobile device recognizes a service set identifier (SSID), it typically joins that network. However, if the mobile device doesn’t recognize an SSID, the user needs to go through a long list of steps to gain Internet access. The user must launch the device’s connection manager, select the SSID in order to connect to the network, launch a browser, enter a new URL, and then enter credentials. While this may be tolerable at times, it drains the device’s battery and is subject to errors. Because it’s time-consuming, it can be a problem for hosted services with mobility requirements (for example, voice call handover). Furthermore, because it’s manual, it severely limits data offload. • Hotspots operated by roaming partners. – In situations where the mobile device needs to log in to a hotspot operated by a roaming partner of the home service provider, the SSID will often be new to the mobile device. This necessitates a manual login process requiring user intervention. Consequently, carriers lose the opportunity for their roaming policies to affect network selection. This can result in higher roaming fees paid to non-preferred hotspot operators, reduced service levels, and increased user frustration.
  • 8. Wireless Internet Service Provider roaming (WISPr) • Because of these usability issues, some Wi-Fi Alliance members banded together to develop Wireless Internet Service Provider roaming (WISPr) 1.0. • The specification was completed in 2003 (later the specification was officially withdrawn and the Wi-Fi Alliance chose not to develop a WISPr certification). • WISPr 1.0 was one of the first attempts to automate hotspot login and authentication. WISPr 1.0 provided automated login by embedding XML data structures within the webpages delivered to mobile devices during WebAuth. However, WISPr 1.0 met with limited success as interoperability problems ensued. • Over the years, carriers, device manufacturers, and third-party software vendors have continued to produce proprietary solutions to automate hotspot login. Today, the market is fractured with many different, non- interoperable solutions available. In addition to the bewildering array, these solutions have shortcomings. It’s time for the hotspot industry to move on.
  • 12. Cisco Mobile Visual Networking Index
  • 13. MNO Data Business Model Unsustainable  Operators must find a way to manage and monetize all of this mobile data traffic growth.  No magic bullet - the solution must be a combination of traffic offload initiatives, mobile network upgrades, pricing innovation, and customer education.
  • 17. More Efficiency Strategies for Cellular Growth More Spectrum Smaller Cells
  • 18. ✔ More Efficiency Service Provider Wi-Fi Hits ✔ More Spectrum All Three ✔ Smaller Cells
  • 19. Nice, but . . .
  • 20. . . . interference risk to QoE Photocourtesy of Flickruser ClearlyAmbiguous
  • 21. . . . web-based authentication
  • 22. . . . and an unlocked air interface Photocourtesy of Flickruser Leonid Mamchenkov
  • 23. Agenda  The Problem  A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi  What can Go Wrong?  Conclusions
  • 24. Next-Generation Hotspot Technologies • There are three technology pillars to Next- Generation Hotspot: – IEEE 802.11u – WPA2-Enterprise – EAP-based • All these technologies are an integral part of Wi-Fi Certified PasspointTM
  • 25. Next-Generation Hotspot Secure Authentication • In order to take full advantage of Next-Generation Hotspot capabilities, carriers and users alike require an easy-to-use authentication mechanism. • Network selection by a mobile device and authentication to the selected network should be carried out autonomously by the device without the need for user intervention (for example, the user entering a username and password). • The natural choice for GSM carriers is to use the subscriber identity module (SIM) credentials already carried in their subscribers’ mobile devices, combined with EAP-SIM authentication. • Similarly, the natural choice for Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) carriers is to use USIM credentials in conjunction with Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for UMTS Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA). • The Wi-Fi Alliance’s WPA2-Enterprise certification already provides an option for EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA interoperability testing.
  • 26. Credentials and EAP Methods for Roaming Networks • Nearly all carriers need to handle a wide variety of mobile devices on their networks. Some devices will have SIM cards (for example, smartphones); some devices may not (for example, Apple’s iPad, laptops, and netbooks). • Therefore, most, if not all, hotspot networks will need to support several different credential types along with their associated EAP methods. • For example, X.509 certificate credentials can be used, and they provide equivalent authentication robustness as SIM credentials. • Furthermore, nearly all hotspot operators have the need to provision username and password credentials for their “walk-up” customers. • Code division multiple access (CDMA) carriers would likely employ username and password credentials for Wi-Fi hotspot authentication.
  • 27. Next-Generation Hotspot Network Discovery and Selection • IEEE 802.11u, the amendment addressing “Interworking with External Networks,” was completed by the 802.11u task group in mid- 2010 and approved by the IEEE for publication in February 2011. • The purpose of the amendment is to provide an effective interface between an IEEE 802.11 access network and carrier networks.
  • 28. Next-Generation Hotspot Network Discovery and Selection • Network discovery and selection – Provides for the discovery of suitable networks (pre-association) through the advertisement of access network type (private network, free public network, for-fee public network), roaming consortium, and venue information. – Generic Advertisement Service (GAS), which provides for Layer 2 transport of an advertisement protocol’s frames between a mobile device and a server in the network prior to authentication. The access point is responsible for the relay of a mobile device’s query to a server in the carrier’s network and for delivering the server’s response back to the mobile. – Provides Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP), which is a query and response protocol used by a mobile device to discover a range of information, including roaming partners accessible through the hotspot along with their credential type and EAP method supported for authentication; IP address type availability (for example, IPv4, IPv6); the hotspot operator’s name; and other metadata useful in a mobile device’s network selection process. • QoS map distribution – This provides a mapping between the IP’s differentiated services code point (DSCP) to over-the-air Layer 2 priority on a per-device basis, facilitating end-to-end QoS.
  • 29. How IEEE 802.11u-capable mobile device to authenticate with a hotspot 1. The mobile device comes within radio range of one or more hotspots and receives their beacons. These beacons indicate support for the IEEE 802.11u protocol via the Interworking element. The SSID element in the beacon provides the Wi-Fi network name. (In the next steps, it’s assumed that the mobile device doesn’t recognize any of the received SSIDs.) 2. The mobile device uses GAS to post an ANQP query to an access point for each of the SSIDs discovered in step 1. In response, each access point provides the hotspot operator’s name and network access identifier (NAI) realm list. 3. The mobile device next retrieves its credential (realm) from local storage and uses it to authenticate. The mobile device then compares that realm to the list of roaming partner’s realms it retrieved in step 2 (in the NAI realm list). If there is a match, the mobile device knows it should be able to successfully authenticate with that network. If there is more than one match, the mobile device uses operator policy to determine which Wi-Fi network to join. 4. The mobile device next retrieves its operator policy for network selection from local storage and looks up an ordered list of operator name and preference-level pairs for each of its roaming partners. The mobile device then compares the hotspot operator’s name(s) received in step 2 with this list and selects the network having the highest preference level. 5. The mobile device authenticates to that network using its credential. In cases where the mobile device is in possession of more than one credential (for example, the mobile has a SIM and username/password credentials), it can use the NAI realm list to learn the acceptable credential type(s) and EAP method(s).
  • 30. WiFi Alliance Hot Spot 2.0 What is Making the hotspot a natural element of the operator Changing? network WBA WISPr 2.0 Supporting operator business relationships
  • 31. Feature Set WiFi Alliance • 802.11u Smart Hot Spot 2.0 Detection • 802.11i Encryption • 802.1x AAA with EAP SIM Making the hotspot a natural element of the operator network
  • 32. Time Line WiFi • Standards work Alliance Hot complete Spot 2.0 • Vendor test event Sep 2011 • WFA certification by mid-2012
  • 33. Wireless Extending WRIX Broadband Wireless Roaming IntermediaryExchange Alliance • Interconnect WISPr 2.0 • Data clearing • Financial settlement Supporting WiFi operator interconnect since 2007
  • 34. Features Wireless • Seamless AAA for Broadband roaming users using Alliance WFA Hotspot 2.0 WISPr 2.0 architecture • Also for clearing house and hub interconnect services Brings SIM-based roaming to Wi-Fi Arena
  • 35. MSAP: Making Next-Generation Hotspots Even Better with New Service and Revenue Opportunities • Many venues that have deployed Wi-Fi access networks don’t fall under the common understanding of hotspot, such as coffee shops, airports, and hotels. For example, Wi-Fi is being deployed in sports stadiums, retail shopping malls, and other public places. Often, these venues wish to deploy local services not accessible through the public Internet. Increasingly, carriers are operating these networks on behalf of venue owners as part of a managed service offering. • Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol (MSAP) is a protocol for service discovery, enabling the connection of users to venue services. • Because MSAP is transported via IEEE 802.11u GAS, mobile devices can query for local services prior to authenticating to a Wi-Fi network. Mobile devices performing an MSAP query securely retrieve icons and service URLs; the mobile device’s UI displays the icons (when enabled/requested by the user). • When the user clicks on the icon, the mobile device launches an application, such as a browser to the URL, thereby accessing the service. In so doing, users are securely, easily, and immediately connected to venue-based services. • Examples of such services in a stadium include display of a stadium map showing food kiosks and restrooms, looking up player statistics, and watching instant replays.
  • 36. Agenda  The Problem  A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi  What can Go Wrong?  Conclusions
  • 37. Hotspot 2.0 does not solve interference problems Customerexperiencecan not be guaranteed
  • 38. Hotspot 2.0 faces an installed base hurdle Replacing old accesspoints is long process
  • 39. Agenda  The Problem  A New Approach for Operator Wi-Fi  What can Go Wrong?  Conclusions
  • 40. Promising, But Not a Pancea Advantages  Seamless, transparent Wi-Fi access for nomadic customers  Secure air interface  Foundation for roaming revenue
  • 41. Promising, But Not a Pancea Hype may Obscure Challenges  Challenge in replacing the existing access points  Business case for smaller Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) may fail due on CapEx challenge  Missing policy mechanisms to intelligently steer around interference
  • 42. Hotspot 2.0 Impact  Biggest Win For:  Greenfield deployments  Existing mobile operators augmenting overloaded networks  Good Win For:  Existing WISPs with upgradable hardware  Tough Choice For:  WISPs with obsolete plant  WISPs with limited access to WBA Roaming providers
  • 43. Next-Generation Hotspot Deployment • Although these technologies can be easily installed as software upgrades, careful planning is still required for a successful deployment. • Wireless network infrastructure (access points, controllers, authentication servers), and client devices (phones, tablets, laptops) alike need new software, but hotspot functionality also needs configuration from the service provider and/or hotspot operator (venue owner). • Since a key innovation for Hotspot 2.0 is providing information to a mobile Wi-Fi device before it has associated and authenticated to the network (in effect, providing information to assist the mobile device in selecting a network), there are a number of potentially interesting parameters to be configured as discoverable. Examples include (but are not limited to): – Venue Name – Venue Info – Operator Friendly Name – Hotspot Query and Hotspot Capabilities lists – 3GPP Cellular Network information (for hotspots having roaming relationships with cellular operators that use a SIM-based infrastructure) – Network Authentication Type – IP Address Type Availability – Roaming Consortium list
  • 44. Strategic Amplifiers Distributed Traditional Options for Antenna Systems In-Building Operators Tools Repeaters Wi-Fi Offload Many Tools . . . No One Answer Additional Macro Femtocells Coverage Expand Customer Operator Owned Pico Cells Network Extensions