The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 ended 80 years of Spanish occupation of Native American land in New Mexico. The Spanish had established missions to force Christianity upon the Pueblo people and require unpaid labor. Tensions increased due to drought, disease, and Spanish restrictions on Pueblo religion and culture. In 1680, Pueblo leaders organized a coordinated surprise attack on Spanish communities, overwhelming the Spanish. Over 400 Spanish were killed, churches were destroyed, and the Spanish were forced to retreat from New Mexico for over a decade. The Pueblo Revolt represented one of the few successful Native American uprisings against European colonizers in North America.

1. The Pueblo Revolt Megan Beaver History 27 Professor Arguello