Global impact of European contact with the rest of the world.

1. Impact of Exploration

2. Main Idea #1: Mercantilism sparked new
ideas in economics.
What Is Mercantilism?
 Economic theory that a country should sell more
goods to other countries than it buys

3. Main Idea #1: Mercantilism sparked new
ideas in economics.
 5 Parts to Mercantilism
1. Try to get possession of as many precious metals as
you can.
2. Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic trade
(export more).
3. Encourage those industries which change raw materials
into exportable finished products.
4. Encourage a large population, for you will need
workmen for your factories and an agricultural
community does not raise enough workmen.
5. Let the State (the government) watch this process and
interfere ONLY when it is necessary to do so.

4. Main Idea #1: Mercantilism sparked new
ideas in economics.
 The Underlying Assumption
More Money More Armies Rule the World

5. Main Idea #1: Mercantilism sparked new
ideas in economics.
 Role of Colonies
 colonies existed to benefit the mother country
 source of resources
 market for manufactured goods
 strict laws were frequently passed by the mother country
to ensure that no one was cheating them out of money
 foreign trade was often prohibited

6. Main Idea #1: Mercantilism sparked new
ideas in economics.
 Role of Colonies
 resources are exported form the colonies to the mother
country
 in the mother country the resources are converted into
finished products
 finished products can be sold to the colonies or traded
with other empires/nations

7. Main Idea #1: Mercantilism sparked new
ideas in economics.
 New Production Methods: “Putting-out System”
 also known as “cottage industry”
 was a way for manufacturers to get around the higher
costs of using guilds
 raw materials were given to a peasant who used their skill
to convert it to an intermediate good
 intermediate goods are bought back from the peasant and
may be given to another peasant who will add the next
step in the process
 this is bought back from the peasant sent off to the final
step(s) and finally sold as a finished good

8. Main Idea #1: Mercantilism sparked new
ideas in economics.
 Capitalism
 economic system where businesses and the factors of
production are owned privately (not by the government)
 entrepreneurs organized the components of production
together in order to efficiently make finished goods
 capitalists were motivated to take risks in business
because of the potential for large profits

9. Main Idea #2: New production in methods in
the colonies had a large impact on people
around the world.
 Encomienda System
 encomienda is the right to demand labor or tribute from
the Native Americans
 conquistadors forced Native Americans to work in mines
and plantations under brutal conditions, those who
resisted were hunted down and killed
 disease, and starvation led to serious declines in the
Native American populations
 as the demand for labor increased, Africans were
imported as slave labor

10. Main Idea #2: New production in methods in
the colonies had a large impact on people
around the world.
 Plantations
 plantations facilitated
the organized
systematic large scale
farming to produce cash
crops
 most popular were
sugar cane and tobacco
 to fill the labor demand
for the large scale
farming, the Spanish
began importing slaves
form Africa

11. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 Triangular Trade
 trade network between European nation, West Coast of
Africa, and the American colonies
 inexpensive goods are shipped from European nation to
trading posts on the West Coast of Africa.
 traders on the West Coast would provide African slaves,
raw materials, such as ivory, animal hides, and timber in
exchange for the inexpensive goods
 slaves would be sold in the colonies where raw materials
are purchased and sent back to European country

12. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 Triangular Trade

13. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 Middle Passage
 the second leg of the triangular trade (from Africa to the
Americas) has been called the “Middle Passage”
 on the Middle Passage, slaves were packed below decks
on shelves for the nearly the entire journey (except for the
brief times when they were brought above decks to get
“exercise” and to clean out the cargo hold below)

14. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 Middle Passage

15. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 Middle Passage
 slaves would take care of all manner of bodily functions
there on the shelves easily passing illnesses, often times
with fatal results
 those who did not survive the journey were simply thrown
overboard

16. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 New Slave States in Africa
 the great demand for slave labor and the desire to escape
slavery themselves led to the development of a few
kingdoms in Africa that existed solely to provide slaves to
Europeans
 these kingdoms would attack and conquer neighboring
kingdoms and sell any captives as slaves to European
traders

17. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 New Slave States in Africa
 by providing slaves they became a valuable part of the
slave trade and were thereby protected because of the
service they provided
 slave trade kingdoms: Asante Kingdom, Oyo Empire

18. Main Idea #3: The need for large amounts of
labor on plantations impacted people in
Africa
 Resistance Movements
 some African leaders stood up to oppose the slave trade
recognizing the disastrous impact it was having on the
various peoples and economies throughout Africa.
 the system was too strong to be resisted however as
profits and survival drove Africans to be involved in the
slave trade
 voices against slavery: Affonso I of Kongo, the almany of
Futa Toro

19. Main Idea #4: European exploration had a
vast impact on the world.
 Native Americans
 Native American populations were decimated by disease
and warfare (not just with Europeans but with each other
resulting from the chaos created by the Europeans)
 the surviving populations benefitted from the “Columbian
Exchange” – vast exchange of foods, goods, and culture
between 4 continents
 new food sources supplemented nutrients in the Native
American diet which, over time, allowed for the
populations to rebound

20. Main Idea #4: European exploration had a
vast impact on the world.
 Africans
 Depopulation in West Africa
 Increased tribal warfare
 Insecurity and fear
 Economic disruption and decay
 Loss of Trans-Saharan trade
 Racism

21. Main Idea #4: European exploration had a
vast impact on the world.
 Europeans
 populations in Europe grew due to new food sources and
types providing more complete diets
 millions of Europeans would resettle in the new world