Madeline's physics project

1. QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

2. The pi ano i s uni que because
i t bel ongs t o t wo
i nst r ument al cat egor i es.
- Per cussi on -
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St r i ngs

3. . - t he dul ci m , a cl osed, shal l ow
er
box over whi ch st r et ched wi r es wer e
st r uck wi t h t wo wooden ham er s
m
- t he cl avi chor d, whi ch al so
appear ed i n t he 14t h cent ur y
- t he spi net QuickTime™ and a
- t he vi r gi nal
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
- t he cl aveci n
- t he gr avi cem bal o
- t he har psi chor d i n t he 15t h
cent ur y

4. - Or i gi nal l y cal l ed a gr avi cem bal o
col pi ano e f or t e ( r oughl y ﾒ s of t
and l oud keyboar d i nst r um ent , ) t he
pi ano was i nvent ed i n Padua, I t al y
i n 170 by Bar t ol om eo di Fr ancesco
Cr i st of or who was a har psi chor d
m aker .
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- t he nam was l at er shor t ened t o
e
pi anof or t e and t hen f i nal l y t o
pi ano.

5. Long f i ber s of wood: st r ong m apl e f or
const r uct i on of t he r i m and spr uce f or
t he st r engt h of t he br aces W ood i s al so
used t o m ake t he pat t er ns f or ot her
par t s. M al i s used t o m
et ake t he cast
i r on pl at e am ong ot her t hi ngs. Sand,
m odi f i ed usi ng addi t i ves and bi nder s such
as bent oni t e ( a t ype of cl ay) and coal
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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dust , i s used t o m ake cast i ng m ds.
ol
M t en i r on f or t he cast i ng i s m
ol ade of
pi g i r on wi t h som st eel and scr ap i r on
e
t o add st r engt h. St r i ngs ar e m ade of hi gh
t ensi l e st eel wi r e t hat i s m anuf act ur ed
at speci al i zed pi ano st r i ng m l l s.
i

6. Each
pi ano
has m eor
t han
2, 500
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
par t s.
Som e
gr and
pi anos

7. QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The pi ano can be di vi ded i nt o si x
f eat ur es: t he keyboar d, t he
ham er s, t he dam
m per s, t he br i dge,
t he soundboar d, and t he st r i ngs.

8. The pi ano has 88 keys whi ch span t he
f r equency r ange 27. 5 Hz ( A0) t o 4186 Hz
( C8) . The 230 or so st r i ngs ar e sounded
by ham er m
m echani sm whi ch ar e act i vat ed
s
by t he keys.
Depr essi ng a key engages a com ex pl
m echani sm cal l ed t he “ act i on” of t he
pi ano whi ch causes t he ham er t o st r i ke
m
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
t he st r i ng.
Ther e ar e 52 whi t e keys and 36 bl ack keys
gi vi ng t he pi ano t he l ar gest r ange of any
i nst r ument .

9. - The pi ano has t he abi l i t y t o pr oduce
m ody and accom
el pani ment at t he sam e
tim e.
- The wor l d’ s l ar gest pi ano i s a Chal l en
Concer t Gr and. Thi s pi ano i s 11 f eet
l ong, has a t ot al st r i ng t ensi on of over
QuickTime™ and a
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30 t ons and wei ghs m e t han a t on.
or
- The f i r st not e on t he pi ano i s an A and
t he l ast i s a C.

10. Hol mes, Gi l l i an. " How pi ano i s m ade - m er i al , m
at anuf act ur e,
maki ng, hi st or y, used, par t s, com ponent s, st r uct ur e, m achi ne,
Hi st or y, Raw M er i al s, Desi gn, The M
at anuf act ur i ng Pr ocess,
Qual i t y Cont r ol . " Ho w Pr o d u c t s A e M d e . N. p. , n. d. W
r a eb. 18
Feb. 2013. <ht t p: / / www. m adehow. com Vol um 3/ Pi ano. ht m #b>.
/ e- l
Nat i onal Pi ano Foundat i on. " Hi st or y of t he Pi ano | Pi anonet . "
Yo u r c o mp r e he n s i v e g u i d e t o e v e r y t hi n g a b o u t p i a n o s |
Pi a n o n e t . N. p. , n. d. W eb. 18 Feb. 2013.
<ht t p: / / pi anonet . com al l - about - pi anos/ hi st or y- of - t he- pi ano/ >.
/
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
" Pi ano Fact s - I nt er est i ng f act s about pi anos. " Pi a n o W r l d -o
Ho me o f t he wo r l d f a mo u s Pi a n o Fo r u ms . The mo s t p i a n o
i n f o r ma t i o n o n t he W b . N. p. , n. d. W
e eb. 18 Feb. 2013.
<ht t p: / / www. pi anowor l d. com f act s. ht m
/ >.
" The Pi ano. " Hy p e r Phy s i c s . N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
<hyper physi cs. phy- ast r . gsu. edu/ hbase/ m usi c/ pi anof . ht m >.
l