DNA notes REVISED Edition!

Griffith’s Experiment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What Griffith’s Experiment Proved ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Avery’s Experiments: DNA is the Transforming Factor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Avery’s Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hershey and Chase’s Experiments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hershey and Chase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hershey and Chase’s Experiments

Hershey and Chase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What are these Nitrogenous bases??? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chargaff’s Rule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Watson and Crick ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Watson and Crick ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Structure ,[object Object],[object Object]

This is what they already knew from the work of many scientists, about the DNA molecule: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Central Dogma of Biology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How does DNA replicate itself? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Replication Simplified ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Origins of Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Polymerases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Players in DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Important Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA  mRNA  amino acids/polypeptide chain (Proteins) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Legend: Transcription of DNA to RNA to protein: This dogma forms the backbone of molecular biology and is represented by four major stages. 1. The DNA replicates its information in a process that involves many enzymes: replication. 2. The DNA codes for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) during transcription. 3. In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is processed (essentially by splicing) and migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 4. Messenger RNA carries coded information to ribosomes. The ribosomes "read" this information and use it for protein synthesis. This process is called translation .

Ala: Alanine Cys: Cysteine Asp: Aspartic acid Glu: Glutamic acid Phe: Phenylalanine Gly: Glycine His: Histidine Ile: Isoleucine Lys: Lysine Leu: Leucine Met: Methionine Asn: Asparagine Pro: Proline Gln: Glutamine Arg: Arginine Ser: Serine Thr: Threonine Val: Valine Trp: Tryptophane Tyr: Tyrosisne

One Gene, One Polypeptide ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA  mRNA  Protein ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Genetic Code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Start Codons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Stop Codons ,[object Object]

Three Types of RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Three Types of RNA… #1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Three Types of RNA…#2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Three Types of RNA…#3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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DNA notes REVISED Edition!