1. Organic Compounds
Enzymes

2. Figure 4.1

4. Figure 4.2
EXPERIMENT
“Atmosphere”
Water vapor
CH4
Electrode
NH
3 H2
Condenser
Cooled “rain”
containing
organic
molecules
H2O
“sea”
Sample for chemical analysis
Cold
water

7. Figure 4.7
(a) Structural isomers
(b) Cis-trans isomers
cis isomer: The two Xs
are on the same side.
trans isomer: The two Xs
are on opposite sides.
(c) Enantiomers
CO2H
CO2H
H
NH2
CH3
L isomer
NH2
H
CH3
D isomer

8. Figure 4.8
Condition
Ibuprofen
Effective
Enantiomer
Ineffective
Enantiomer
S-Ibuprofen
Drug
R-Ibuprofen
R-Albuterol
S-Albuterol
Pain;
inflammation
Albuterol
Asthma

9. Figure 4.UN02
Estradiol
Testosterone

10. Carbonyl

11. Hydroxyl

12. Carboxyl

13. Amino

14. Phosphate

15. Methyl

16. Sulfhydryl

27. What does this mean about connection
between Genes and Protein?

33. Hemoglobin JMOL

40. Monomers and Polymers

58. Cooperative Binding

60. Carbonic Anhydrase
• 104 to 106 reactions per second.

67. QUESTION: In ray-finned fish how does the
Root effect allow unloading of oxygen to
peripheral tissues without compromising its
uptake in the gills during blood acidosis.

68. No plamsa-accessible CA (in gills)

76. Hemoglobin JMOL

77. Functions of Proteins
When in doubt…..proteins

78. Storage

79. Structural

80. Transport

81. Hormonal

82. Receptor

83. Contractile & Motor

84. Defensive

85. Enzymes

86. Restriction Enzyme

90. Enzymes

96. Enzyme Simulation
• How is the velocity of an enzyme reaction
effected by:
– pH
– Temperature
– Substrate Concentration

97. Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)

98. Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)

101. Vmax

106. Enzymatic Pathway

109. Protein Quantification

112. Starch
Starch
Glucose
Monomers vs. polymers

151. AMYLASE:
AMY Gene (multiple copies)
LACTASE:
LCT (Single Mutation)