1. Mejora de la Calidad del Aire
por la limitación de velocidad a
80 km/h en las
vías de acceso a Barcelona
Authors:
•José Mª Baldasano
•Pedro Jiménez
•Eugeni López
•María Gonçalves
•Albert Soret

2. CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN LA CIUDAD DE BARCELONA (media anual)
120 4
SO2 (ug/m3)
TSP (ug/m3)
110
NO2 (ug/m3)
O3 (ug/m3)
100 PM10 (ug/m3)
CO (mg/m3)
90 3
80
70
mg/m3
ug/m3
60 2
50
40
30 1
20
10
0 0
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2

3. ANNUAL MEAN VALUES OF NO2 and PM10
in BARCELONA METROPOLITAN AREA
Avaluació VLa de NO2
zona 1 Badalona
Barcelona (Sants)
90
Barcelona (Ciutadella)
80
Barcelona (Eixample)
70 Barcelona (Gràcia-Sant Gervasi)
_
mitjana anual (µg/m³)
Barcelona (Poblenou)
60
Cornellà de Llobregat
50
Gavà (c/ Progrés)
40 Gavà (Parc del Mil.lenni)
30 El Prat de Llobregat
L’Hospitalet de Llobregat
20
Santa Coloma de Gramenet
10
Sant Adrià de Besòs
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
any Sant Vicenç dels Horts
90
80
70
_
mitjana anual (µg/m³)
60
50
40
30
20
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
3

4. BMA measures to improve the air quality
Barcelona city, is presently taking measures to improve their air quality
with the horizon of 2010:
1. Introducing blue and green parking toll areas.
2. Increase the pedestrian area.
3. Define areas of low speed circulation < 30 km / h inside of the city.
4. Bicing introduction.
1. General plan with 73 measures for the Barcelona Metropolitan
Area (BMA), especially one, 80 km/h speed limit in the main
entrance freeways in the city.
4

5. Objective
Evaluate the effect of the measure 80 km/h speed limit in the main
entrance freeways in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area in the reduction of
the air emissions and in the improvement of the air quality
Time phases introduction of the speed limit 80 km/h circulation
in the main entrance freeways in the Barcelona metropolitan area
● Phase 1:
From December 2007: preliminary introduction of the circulation speed limit to 80 km/h in the main
entrance freeways in the city
From January 2008: obligatory introduction of the circulation speed limit to 80 km/h in the main
entrance freeways in the city
● Phase 2:
From January 15 2009: introduction of circulation variable speed with maximum to 80 km/h. It is
applied first in the roads C-31 and C-32 and later will extend after the summer to the other roads
5

6. Main entrance freeways in the Barcelona city affected by 80 km/h speed limit
Tramo v. ≤80 Tramo v. 90 Tramo v. 100 Tramo v. 120
previa km/h previa a previa a previa a
Vía Tramo pk km/h previa km km min km min km min km min
C-31 Gran Vía - Castelldefels 196 - 180 100 16 19.83% 16 2.40
C-32 Nudo Llobr. - Castelldefels 55.5 - 44 120 11.5 14.25% 11.5 2.88
B-20 Cornellà - Sant Boi (80 km/h) 3.5 - 0 80 3.5 4.34% 3.5 0.00
C-32 Nudo Llobregat - Enllaç B-23 59 - 63 100 4 4.96% 4 0.60
B-23/AP-2 Diagonal - Molins de Rei 0.5 - 12 100 11.5 14.25% 11.5 1.73
A-2 Nudo Llobregat - enlace B-23 611.5 - 606 100 5.5 6.82% 5.5 0.83
A-2 enlace B_23 - Sant Vicenç dels Horts 606 - 601 120 5 6.20% 5 1.25
B-10 (ant N II) Nudo Llobregat - Morrot 611.5 - 618 100 6.5 8.05% 6.5 0.98
C-16 Ronda de Dalt - Túnel Vallvidrera 1.8 - 6 90 4.2 5.20% 4.2 0.35
C-58 Nudo Trinitat - Montcada i Reixac (80 km/h) 0 - 1.5 80 1.5 1.86% 1.5 0.00
C-17 Nudo Trinitat - Montcada i Reixac (50-60km/) 0 - 1.5 50-60 1.5 1.86% 1.5 -0.51
B-20 (norte) Nudo Trinitat - Badalona 17 - 22 100 5 6.20% 5 0.75
C-31 Rondas - Badalona 209 - 214 90-100 5 6.20% 2.5 0.21 2.5 0.38
Fuente: Servei Català de Trànsit km totales 80.7 6.5 8.1% 6.7 8.3% 51.0 63.2% 16.5 20.4%
Tramo v. ≤80 Tramo v. 90 Tramo v. 100 Tramo v. 120
km/h previa km previa
km km/h
min previa a
km min previa a
km min previa a
km min
Zona Velocitat Variable 80-120 35 43.37% 3.5 0 0 0 20 3.0 11.5 2.9
Zona Eix Llobregat 100 (5,120) 28.5 35.32% 0 0 0 0 23.5 3.5 5 1.3
Zona Tunel Vallvidriera 90 4.2 5.20% 0 0 4.2 0.35 0 0 0 0
Zona Nord 100 (2.5,90) 13 16.11% 3 -0.51 2.5 0.21 7.5 1.1 0 0
Zona 80 km/h 80.7 6.5 -0.51 6.7 0.56 51 7.65 16.5 4.1
6

7. 7

8. Methodology:
Observations
(traffic +
air quality)
+
Modelling
(meteo + emissions
+ air quality)
8

9. Traffic data from CIVICAT: 125 measures stations with hourly data
9

10. Punt aforament: C-31 a la entrada de Barcelona
Evolució de la setmana del 3-7 de Març del 2008
The effect of the speed regulation can be
observe analyzing concrete days; the measure
allows to avoid punctual congestions
10

11. Two types of effects
The speed limitation helps also to decrease the congestion
11

12. Changes in traffic intensity
Totes les estacions on s'aplica la mesura IMD Vel
Mes IMD 2008 Vel 2008 IMD 2007 Vel 2007 2008/2007
1 48197 79 46841 93 2.90% -15.48%
2 50241 79 48828 92 2.89% -14.92%
3 47200 79 49043 91 -3.76% -13.26%
4 51272 78 47415 94 8.14% -16.78%
5 48748 78 52123 91 -6.48% -14.23%
6 45782 75 48108 88 -4.83% -15.26%
7 48809 75 49412 87 -1.22% -14.42%
8 40598 80 41103 95 -1.23% -15.53%
9 46494 78 50021 92 -7.05% -15.22%
10 48107 78 49939 92 -3.67% -14.46%
11 46048 79 49425 92 -6.83% -13.80%
47409 78 48387 92 -1.92% -14.85%
Promig estacions on s'aplica la mesura
2008 2007
2007
Ene-Agost 47606 47859 -0.45%
60000 2008
Set-Nov 46883 49795 -5.85%
∆IMD 1-8 ∆IMD-9-11 50000
B-20 -1.95% -5.79%
B-10 -0.36% -0.64%
AP-7 -1.84% -9.19% 40000
A-2 -0.63% -5.85%
C-58 -0.40% -1.06%
C-33 -1.83% -3.66% 30000
C-32 -1.92% -8.96%
C-31 Sud 4.44% -2.22%
20000
C-31 Nord -4.95% -7.84%
C-17 -13.16% -2.25%
B-30 -0.07% -0.88% 10000
B-23_AP-2 -4.16% -7.81%
Todas estaciones -1.58% -5.33%
Estaciones aplicación -0.45% -5.85% 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
M es
12

13. Changes in traffic intensity
Totes les estacions on s'aplica la mesura dels 80km/h 2009/2007 2008/2007
Mes IMD 2009 Vel 2009 IMD 2008 Vel 2008 IMD 2007 Vel 2007 IMD VEL IMD VEL
1 42010 77 48197 79 46841 93 -10.3% -17.4% 2.9% -15.5%
2 49818 79 50241 79 48828 92 2.0% -14.1% 2.9% -14.9%
3 48728 78 47200 79 49043 91 -0.6% -14.1% -3.8% -13.3%
4 46507 78 51272 78 47415 94 -1.9% -16.7% 8.1% -16.8%
5 50424 78 48748 78 52123 91 -3.3% -14.9% -6.5% -14.2%
6 47113 73 45782 75 48108 88 -2.1% -17.5% -4.8% -15.3%
7 49367 73 48809 75 49412 87 -0.1% -16.6% -1.2% -14.4%
8 40875 79 40598 80 41103 95 -0.6% -16.7% -1.2% -15.5%
9 46483 78 46494 78 50021 92 -7.1% -15.3% -7.1% -15.2%
10 47749 78 48107 78 49939 92 -4.4% -14.7% -3.7% -14.5%
11 46352 78 46048 79 49425 92 -6.2% -14.7% -6.8% -13.8%
Promig 46857 77 47409 78 48387 92 -3.1% -15.7% -1.9% -14.9%
13

14. HERMES 2004: High-Elective Resolution
Modelling Emission System: 1 km2 – 1 h
(Baldasano et al 2008)
Database information management
Biogenic emissions On road, ships and Industry and electric Residential and
aircrafts traffic generation commercial
• Land use map
• Emission factors and • Roads (urban streets, roads, • Location (point/area) • Density population map
biomass etc.), LTO cycles and ships routes • Production / electric • Combustibles consume
• Meteorological • Hourly, weekly and monthly generation • Emission factors
information (air temperature, profiles • Emission factors – energetic • Solvent use
solar radiation) • Distribution of the vehicles intensity • Waste generation
• Velocity by road type • Chimney height / diameter
• Meteorological information
(air temperature)
• Type of combustibles
Emission computation and speciation
BVOCs NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate
matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O
Speciation
Management of the emission information Management of emission data for air quality
modelling
• Hourly aggregation of archives (4x4 km, 1x1 km grid size)
• Visualization and analysis of the results • Height desaggregation (vertical layers)
• Management information tool • Database resolution (1 - 4 km grid size)
• Generation of netCDF emission files
14

15. Traffic emission module: HERMES 2004 (1/2)
Basic information: Direcció de Serveis de Mobilitat
Ajuntament de Barcelona
• “Araña de Tráfico” Barcelona 2004.
Trafico map 2004 Ministerio Fomento
Streets, Roads, Highway
• IMD.
• Composition of vehicles categories
• Circulation speed (VMC).
• Hourly, weekly and monthly cycles
Mensuales.
Metodology
Model: Ntziachristos and Samaras
(2000)/EEA (2001) y CEPMEIP (2003)
Information:
• More than 2.700 points with data of IMD and VMC of the
main roads (urban and intercity) of Barcelona.
• 12 cycles schedules for working and holidays days.
• Composition of the vehicles categories of Barcelona,
discriminated against five areas
15

16. Traffic emission module: HERMES 2004 (2/2)
• 72 vehicles categories (EEA (Environmental European Agency) según Ntziachristos
and Samaras, 2000 ))
• Emission factors: function of the circulation speed, of the antiquity, vehicle type
and of the fuel used (CORINAIR)
• Vehicles categories for Spain, specific for Barcelona, Madrid, and others cities
• Barcelona and Madrid: specific data for circulation areas
The emissions are calculated for each cell of 1 km2 taking the tracts
understood inside the cell and considering the vehicles categories and the
emission factor for each one of the established categories.
Taking in account hourly speed and traffic intensity in BMA
16

17. Evolution of the nº of speed data with the time
-HERMES2004 (EMICAT2004): 13857 km en Cataluña. Datos TeleAtlas con Vm fija. 133700 tramos
-HERMES2004: 118087 km en toda España. Datos TeleAtlas con Vm fija. 828740 tramos (incluidos islas)
-Estudio 80 km/h:
Considerando el dominio 148x148km: 8202 km TeleAtlas de los cuales hay 333 km con datos CIVICAT horarios
Considerando el dominio Zona-1: 28x31=896 km2, 1731 km TeleAtlas de los cuales hay 297 km con datos CIVICAT horarios
CATALUÑA: km Velocidades
10000000
EMICAT2000-CAT 6224 16
HERMES2004-CAT 13857 133700
Nº Puntos de información con velocidad
1000000
CIVICAT2008-Z1 1731 2628000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
EMICAT2000-CAT HERMES2004-CAT CIVICAT2008-Z1
Evolución de la dimensión de los datos de velocidad
17

18. WEB page
18

19. Model assessment
19

20. Methodological issue
the absolute difference: 2008-2007 OK, any problem
what is the calculation base should it be used? the percents will be different ¡¡¡
1. Calculation domain ?
2. Zone 80 km/h ?
3. Freeway 80 km/h ?
20

21. Emission changes: NOx reduction
Zone 80 km/h: 4.5% Freeway 80 km/h: 11%
21

22. Emission changes: NOx reduction
Zone 80 km/h
22

23. %
01
/0
1/
20
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
08
15
/0
1/
20
08
29
/0
1/
20
08
12
/0
2/
20
08
26
/0
2/
20
08
11
/0
Zone 80 km/h: 3.8%
3/
20
08
25
/0
3/
20
08
08
/0
4/
20
08
22
/0
4/
20
08
06
/0
5/
20
08
20
Emission changes: PM10 reduction
/0
5/
20
08
03
/0
6/
20
08
17
/0
23
6/
20
08
01
/0
Días
7/
20
08
Freeway 80 km/h: 11%
15
/0
7/
20
08
29
/0
7/
20
08
12
/0
8/
20
08
26
/0
8/
20
08
09
/0
9/
20
08
23
Reducción relativa de las emisiones de PM10 en 2008 respecto 2007
/0
9/
20
08
07
/1
0/
20
08
21
/1
0/
20
08
04
/1
1/
20
08
18
/1
1/
20
08
PM10

24. Emission changes: PM10 reduction
Zone 80 km/h
24

25. Reduction of fuel consumption:
Zone 80 km/h: 3.8% Freeway 80 km/h: 10.4%
25

26. Reduction of fuel consumption:
Zone 80 km/h
26

27. Analysis of the day-night emissions
Variació de les emisions de PM10 2008-07 - A les vies afectades per la mesura
Variació de les emisions de NOx 2008-07 - A les vies afectades per la mesura
0.002
0.04
0.001
0.02 0.000
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
-0.001
0.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
-0.002
Mg PM10/h
Mg NOx/h
-0.02
-0.003
-0.04 -0.004
-0.005
-0.06
-0.006
-0.08
-0.007
-0.10 -0.008
Dia Variació NOx diürn Variació PM10 diürn
Dia
Variació NOx nocturn Variació PM10 nocturn
Variació de les emisions de NOx 2008-07 percentual - A les vies afectades per la mesura Variació de les emisions de PM10 2008-07 percentual - A les vies afectades per la mesura
10% 10%
5% 5%
0% 0%
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
-5% -5%
%
%
-10% -10%
-15% -15%
-20% -20%
-25% -25%
Variació NOx % diürn Dia Variació PM10 % diürn
Dia
Variació NOx % nocturn Variació PM10 % nocturn
27

28. 28

29. 29

30. Air quality simulations
30

31. C-31 2007 2008 ∆ ∆%
NO2( g/m3) 22.0 20.9 -1.2 -5.7
PM10( g/m3) 12.0 11.7 -0.3 -2.4
AP-2 2007 2008 ∆ ∆%
NO2( g/m3) 30.4 28.7 -1.7 -6.1
PM10( g/m3) 16.2 15.6 -0.5 -3.2
Intrarondes 2007 2008 ∆ ∆%
NO2( g/m3) 33.0 32.7 -0.3 -0.9
A-2_C-32 2007 2008 ∆ ∆%
PM10( g/m3) 15.8 15.7 -0.1 -0.5
NO2( g/m3) 36.9 35.5 -1.4 -4.2
PM10( g/m3) 17.1 16.7 -0.4 -2.3
C-32 2007 2008 ∆ ∆%
NO2( g/m3) 18.4 17.4 -0.9 -5.1
PM10( g/m3) 11.1 10.9 -0.2 -1.7
31