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- 2. GESTALT THERAPY Gestalt??? Its meaning cannot be described in English. It could be - pattern - configuration - form - whole “A figure in relation to background”
- 7. GESTALT THERAPY A Gestalt Cycle Choice of & implementation Full & vibrant of appropriate ACTION FINAL CONTACT phase of contact MOBILIZATION SATISFACTION & excitement The cycle of Gestalt or post-contact & phase of contact formation & destruction Gestalt completion AWARENESS WITHDRAWAL of emerging social / or organism at rest biological need: fore-contact phase SENSATION Fore-contact
- 8. GESTALT THERAPY Key Concepts Field theory Phenomenology Contact & resistance to contact Unfinished business Avoidance Layers of neurosis
- 9. GESTALT THERAPY Key Concepts Field Theory: Individual cannot be separated from envt. Phenomenology: Seeking an understanding based on what is given, obvious, comprehensible to senses, not on interpretations & meanings by observer Contact & Resistance to Contact: Resistance to healthy interaction between self & envt. through defense mechanisms Unfinished Business: Unexpressed feelings Avoidance: Evasion of the unfinished & expressing undesirable feelings Layers of neurosis: Creating layers to prevent contact
- 10. GESTALT THERAPY Contact & Resistance to Contact Desensitization Deflection Introjection Projection Retroflection Egotism Confluence
- 11. GESTALT THERAPY Boundary Disturbances or Interruptions ACTION FINAL CONTACT PROJECTION RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION SATISFACTION INTROJECTION EGOTISM SELF CONFLUENCE DEFLECTION WITHDRAWAL AWARENESS DESENSITISATION SENSATION
- 12. ACTION FINAL CONTACT PROJECTION RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION SATISFACTION INTROJECTION EGOTISM SELF CONFLUENCE DEFLECTION WITHDRAWAL AWARENESS DESENSITISATION SENSATION • Desensitization: Avoiding /experiencing / minimising sensations • Deflection: Avoiding sensation from making meaningful impact • Introjection: Being ruled by internalised shoulds • Projection: Seeing in others what one acknowledges in oneself
- 13. ACTION FINAL CONTACT PROJECTION RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION SATISFACTION INTROJECTION EGOTISM SELF CONFLUENCE DEFLECTION WITHDRAWAL AWARENESS DESENSITISATION SENSATION • Retroflection: (to turn sharply back) Doing to oneself instead of doing to others; doing to oneself what one wanted to have done to oneself by others • Egotism: Blocking spontaneity by control; spectatoring; conscious of mirror image • Confluence: Dysfunctional closeness; two persons behaving as one.
- 14. GESTALT THERAPY ACTION PROJECTION FINAL CONTACT RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION Disturbances in INTROJECTION SATISFACTION EGOTISM SELF Gestalt Cycle: Desensitization DEFLECTION AWARENESS DESENSITISATION CONFLUENCE WITHDRAWAL SENSATION (Minimising Sensation) Avoids experiencing himself or the environment. Sensations & feelings of self are diluted, disregarded, neglected. E.g. Thirsty person swallowing water & watching TV desensitising against kinaesthetic relief.
- 15. GESTALT THERAPY ACTION PROJECTION FINAL CONTACT RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION Disturbances in INTROJECTION SELF SATISFACTION EGOTISM Gestalt Cycle: Deflection DEFLECTION AWARENESS DESENSITISATION CONFLUENCE WITHDRAWAL SENSATION A. (Avoiding Sensations / Meaningful Impact) Turn aside from direct contact, reducing one’s awareness of environmental contact making it vague generalised and bland, avoiding eye contact. E.g. “Do you love me?” “What do you think I do?”
- 16. GESTALT THERAPY ACTION FINAL CONTACT PROJECTION RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION Disturbances in INTROJECTION SELF SATISFACTION EGOTISM Gestalt Cycle: Introjection DEFLECTION AWARENESS DESENSITISATION CONFLUENCE WITHDRAWAL SENSATION (Being ruled by Internalised “shoulds”) Justifing alien ideas / feelings as part of self ignoring own needs; lacking self-directedness E.g. “You must always work hard.” Maxims, parental statements
- 17. GESTALT THERAPY ACTION FINAL CONTACT PROJECTION RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION Disturbances in INTROJECTION SELF SATISFACTION EGOTISM Gestalt Cycle: Projection DEFLECTION AWARENESS DESENSITISATION CONFLUENCE WITHDRAWAL SENSATION (Seeing in Others what I Don’t Acknowledge in Myself ) Parts of our own personality, not experienced as such, but attributed to objects / persons in the envt. E.g. “He hates me!” Prejudice, shadow qualities
- 18. GESTALT THERAPY ACTION PROJECTION FINAL CONTACT RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION Disturbances in INTROJECTION SELF SATISFACTION EGOTISM Gestalt Cycle: Retroflection DEFLECTION AWARENESS DESENSITISATION CONFLUENCE WITHDRAWAL SENSATION (Doing to Self Instead to the Other) Wanted to have done for you by others. Self-castigation with inward directed hostility. E.g. A person may give to himself the attention, love and care which was not given by the parents.
- 19. GESTALT THERAPY ACTION PROJECTION FINAL CONTACT RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION Disturbances in INTROJECTION SELF SATISFACTION EGOTISM Gestalt Cycle: Egotism DEFLECTION AWARENESS DESENSITISATION CONFLUENCE WITHDRAWAL SENSATION (Blocking Spontaneity by Control) Stepping outside of self and becoming a spectator or a commentator on himself and his relationship with the envt. E.g. Instead of mobilising on hearing her baby’s crying a mother may spend time congratulating herself on her sharp hearing.
- 20. GESTALT THERAPY ACTION PROJECTION FINAL CONTACT RETROFLECTION MOBILIZATION Disturbances in INTROJECTION SELF SATISFACTION EGOTISM Gestalt Cycle: Confluence DEFLECTION AWARENESS DESENSITISATION CONFLUENCE WITHDRAWAL ( Dysfunctional Closeness) SENSATION Organism and envt. are not differentiated from each other. Merging with another individual without boundaries. Some confluence in relationships can be beneficial. E.g. Empathetic understanding of a partner’s bereavement.
- 21. The Commerce of Resistance • Projection: Abdicates responsibility in directing energy to self. Disowns aspects of self, ascribes to envt., • Introjection: Invests energy passively, accepts what envt. provides him. • Deflection: Invests energy randomly with no focus; hit & miss with envt. • Retroflection: Invests energy intrapersonally; abandons efforts to separate self from envt. • Confluence: Invests little energy; permits envt. to take along self without choice; “Others decide, I abide”.
- 22. GESTALT THERAPY Goals of Therapy Restoration of awareness Integration of conflicting dimensions within the personality
- 23. GESTALT THERAPY How? Reliving the past in the “now” and while describing it in dialogical form. Dr VINOD CHEBBI, Bangalore
- 24. GESTALT THERAPY Therapeutic Process Emergence of the problem Working with external polarities Working with internal polarities Integration Homework
- 25. Therapeutic Process 2. Working with External Polarities Self Vs Other External dialogue to dramatize inner conflict & its associated feelings to awareness.
- 26. Therapeutic Process 3. Working with Internal Polarities Me Vs Me Create dialogue between the two internal aspects and dramatize with tension.
- 27. Therapeutic Process 4. Integration • Reorganization & re-perception of prob. • Expression of authentic emotions
- 28. GESTALT THERAPY Conducting Therapy • Encourage client to describe, not explain. • Attend to moment-to-moment awareness of elements of the field. • Emphasize on the subjective, not objective. • Attempt to be fully present. • Convey that you comprehend & accept client’s experience; • Vigilantly attend to the impact of each intervention made. •Avoid asking, ‘Why?’
- 29. GESTALT THERAPY Asking Questions What does your dizziness seem to tell you? Can you give a shape, form and colour to your headache? If a conversation can go on between your right leg and left leg, what would they say to each other? If you were to address your dead father what would you talk to him? Supposing you were free from problem, how would you have talked to yourself? .........
- 30. GESTALT THERAPY Pay attention to client’s… • Gait, posture • Words, language pattern, nuances • Feelings, thoughts, attitude • Voice, pitch, tone, feelings • Facial expression, eye movements • Gesture, body language • Non-verbal expression
- 31. GESTALT THERAPY Techniques of Gestalt Therapy • Dialogue exercises • Making the round • Owning up responsibility • Playing the projection • Role reversal • Role rehearsal • Exaggerating exercise • Staying with the feeling • Integration of dreams • Psycho-drama
- 32. GESTALT THERAPY Healing Completion of Gestalt cycle Development of authentic feelings Resolution of problem Liberation of energy
- 34. Books 1. Gestalt Therapy Integrated: Contours of Theory and Practice; Erving & Miriam Polster (Vintage) 2. Psychotherapies in Counselling: D. John Anthony; Anugraha Publ) (Asian Trading Corporation, Ph: 080 25487444, 25490444) 3. Gestalt Therapy: History, Theory, and practice (Ed) Ansel Woldt & Sara Toman (Sage publ.) 4. Gestalt Counselling in Action: Petruska Clarkson (Sage) 5. Creative Process in Gestalt Therapy: Joseph Zinker (Vintage)
Notes de l'éditeur
- Field: self inseparable from envt. E.g. Hold your hands together, you can’t delineate. Phenomenon: How is it to you? What do experience? What emotions? What do you sense? What feelings? Contact Boundary: to self is like skin to the organism. Unfinished business: You are in important transaction, itching your back. Neurosis: Freudian. Eg. Me at 7, new place, to nap with a stranger. Exploring the new place-Struggle of id to free but can’t, energy locked. How are you? I’m fine.