Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures (convulsions) over time. Seizures are episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention or behavior. Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly two out of every three new cases are discovered in developing countries.

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There must be a specific cause for your epilepsy that can be removed
with surgery, without harming your brain or you in any other way.
Epilepsy Surgery in India
Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person
has repeated seizures (convulsions) over time.
Seizures are episodes of disturbed brain activity
that cause changes in attention or behavior.
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological
disorder characterized by seizures. These
seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of
abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous
neuronal activity in the brain. About 50 million
people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly two
out of every three new cases are discovered in developing countries. Epilepsy
becomes more common as people age. Onset of new cases occur most
frequently in infants and the elderly. As a consequence of brain surgery,
epileptic seizures may occur in recovering patients.
Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not cured, with medication. However, over
30% of people with epilepsy do not have seizure control even with the best
available medications. Surgery may be considered in difficult cases. Not all
epilepsy syndromes are lifelong – some forms are confined to particular
stages of childhood. Epilepsy should not be understood as a single disorder,

2. but rather as syndromic with vastly divergent symptoms but all involving
episodic abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Why is Epilepsy surgery required?
Epilepsy surgery has proven to be successful in reducing and even eliminating
seizures in patients who did not respond well to the epilepsy medications. It is
important to get the treatment for epilepsy, repeated seizures may result in:
o Irreparable Brain damage from repeated seizures
o Sudden death, a rare complication
o Injuries from falling / driving during various activities
Candidates for Epilepsy Surgery
It is very important that right candidates be chosen for the best results of the
surgery. You are a good candidate for epilepsy surgery if:
o You have tried at least two anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), and they
have not stopped, or greatly reduced the number of seizures.
o There must be a specific cause for your epilepsy that can be
removed with surgery, without harming your brain or you in any
other way.
o Your surgeon must weigh the pros and cons and is confident that
you would have a better quality of life after the surgery than
without it.
Advanced Epilepsy Treatment Options in India
Till the time a person develops a second seizure, treatment for epilepsy will
not begin. This is due to the reason that a person may have one seizure and
never develops a second seizure. Medicines are successful in treating
epilepsy. These medicines do not cure epilepsy, they prevent recurring of the
seizures. These medicines changes the chemical or electrical transmissions in
the brain in a particle way that decreases the chance of a seizure.

3. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) :
VNS therapy is recommended when
medicines are unable to control epilepsy.
During the surgical procedure, an electrical
device is implanted underneath the skin.
The lead of this device is wrapped around
one of the nerves on the neck’s left side.
This nerve is called as vagus nerve. This
device continuously passes an electric dose
to the nerve in order to stimulate it. This
process reduces the severity and frequency
of the seizures. If a person is feeling a warning seizure symptom then extra
stimulation is given for preventing recurrence of the seizure.
Ketogenic Diet : This is also considered as one of the treatment for epilepsy.
Ketogenic diet is recommended for children as it involves eating a diet which
is low in proteins and carbohydrates and high in fats. The chemical balance of
the brain can be altered that also reduces the chance of having seizures.
Ketogenic diet is not meant for adults as the diet can result in any other
serious medical condition like heart disease, high blood pressure or strokes.
Advanced Surgical Procedures for Management of Epilepsy
Depending on the particular clinical situation, one of the following surgical
procedures is chosen by the Medical team at our affiliate hospital. These
operations either aim to resect the disease area of the brain, to disconnect it
from other areas so as to relieve the seizures, or to lessen their impact.
 Anteromedial Temporal Lobectomy
 Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy
 Electrocorticography guided Resections
 Multiple Subpial transections
 Quadrantic Resections
 Multilobar Resections
 Functional Hemispherotomy
 Vagal Nerve stimulation
 Radiosurgery (selected cases)

4. Epilepsy Surgery in India
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic diseases, present in about 4%
of the world's population. The disease can be well controlled with medications
alone, but many patients do not respond well to the epileptic medications and
thus need surgery to control seizures.Epilepsy surgery is advised to people
who have tried at least two epilepsy drugs without success and have seizures
originating on the same place of the brain.
Epilepsy surgery removes or isolates the area of brain where seizures
originate. If it is an area of the brain which cannot be removed, the surgeon
makes incisions to prevent seizures from spreading to other parts of the brain.
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