Leukemia(Blood Cancer ) is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood and is the most common type of childhood cancer. The bone marrow is the soft, spongy center of the bones and produces the three types of blood cells: white blood cells that fight infection, red blood cells that carry oxygen and platelets that help with blood clotting and bleeding

1. Leukaemia Cancer Treatment in India - MedWorld India
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Leukemia(Blood Cancer ) is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood and is
the most common type of childhood cancer. The bone marrow is the soft,
spongy center of the bones and produces the three types of blood cells:
white blood cells that fight infection, red blood cells that carry oxygen and
platelets that help with blood clotting and bleeding . Leukemia(Blood
Cancer ) begin in the bone marrow from where blood is produced. An
uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell interrupts the
development process of a normal blood cell. The cancerous cells or
abnormal blood cells prevent the blood from performing functions such as
preventing serious bleeding or fighting off with infections.
Types of Blood Cancer
 Myeloma : Plasma cells are targeted by this type of blood cancer. Infection
and disease fighting antibodies in the body are produced by plasma cells
that are basically white blood cells.
 Leukemia : This type of blood cancer is due to rapid production of
abnormal white blood cells. Leukemia can be found in bone marrow and in
blood. These abnormal cells are no more able to fight off infection and also
impair the bone marrow’s ability to produce platelets and red blood cells.
 Lymphoma : Lymphatic system that produces immune cells and also
removes excess fluids from the body gets affected by lymphoma blood
cancer. Lymphocytes are considered as a type of white blood cell that helps
in fighting off infection
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is a spongy material that is found inside the bones, and it
produces all of the blood cells. It also produces vital cells called stem cells
that can create other specialised cells that carry out essential functions.
These specialised cells are of three types:

2. * Red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body
* White blood cells which help fight infection
* Platelets which help stop bleeding
Acute leukaemia prevents the affected bone marrow from producing stem
cells that mature into adult blood cells. Instead it releases numerous
immature blood cells called blast cells. The immature white blood cells
begin to rapidly disrupt the normal balance of cells in the blood, limiting
the presence of red blood cells or platelet cells in the body. This can lead to
tiredness and other symptoms of anaemia, and also increase risk of
excessive bleeding. The patient also becomes more vulnerable to infection
as the white blood cells are not properly formed and thus ineffective in
fighting bacteria and viruses.
Types of acute leukaemia
There are two main types of white blood cells classified according to the
type of white blood cells that are affected by cancer:
* Lymphocytes which are mostly used to fight viral infections
* Myeloid cells which fight bacterial infections defend the body against
parasites and prevent the spread of tissue damage
The two main types of acute leukaemia are:
* Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, which is cancer of the lymphocytes
* Acute myeloid leukaemia, which is cancer of the myeloid cells
Acute myeloid leukaemia
It is more common in older people, especially when over 50 years of age,
and more common in males than females, though it is not clear why. The
causes of acute leukaemia are uncertain, but known risk factors include:
* Exposure to high levels of radiation
* Exposure to benzene, a chemical that is used in manufacturing and is also
found in cigarettes
The lack of healthy blood cells in the blood supply causes most of the
symptoms of acute leukaemia, which usually begin slowly before rapidly
escalating in severity as the number of blast cells in the blood increases.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
ALL is the most common type of cancer found in children, though it is
uncommon on an overall basis. Approximately one in every 2,000 children

3. will develop ALL. The majority of cases develop in the age group of two to
five year olds, and 85 per cent develop in children below the age of 15.
Treatment
Treatment for AML involves two stages:
* Induction: The aim of the initial stage of treatment is to kill the leukaemia
cells in the bone marrow, restore the blood to proper working order and
resolve any symptoms that may be present.
* Consolidation: This stage aims to kill any remaining leukaemia cells that
may be present in the central nervous system.
Treatment for ALL involves three stages:
* Induction
* Consolidation
* Maintenance, which involves taking regular doses of chemotherapy
tablets to prevent the leukaemia returning. This seems to be the most
effective stage.
Other treatments
The other treatments that are used in some circumstances are:
* Radiotherapy
* Stem cell transplant
* Targeted therapies
Medworld India offers comprehensive care for patients with Blood
Cancer, including advanced diagnosis, best treatment options . A team of
Surgical Oncologists, Radiation Oncologists, Medical Oncologists,
Urologists, Rehabilitation team and other medical specialties work
together to treat each Blood Cancer patient We consider each patient's
type and extent of Blood Cancer to recommend the most appropriate
treatment plan. They also carefully consider and select the treatment
option that will allow the patient to maintain quality of life with good
survival rate.
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