Pediatric Cardiac Surgery often deals with heart problems in children, the cause of congenital heart diseases which are common heart ailments among new born children and involves deficiencies like structural defects, congenital arrythmias and cardiomyopathies, which result in different kinds of abnormalities related to the heart. Congenital heart disease is a cause of improper growth of the heart or blood vessels before birth.

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Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Paediatric Heart Surgery in India with the Best Paediatric
Heart surgeons in India is what you would want if your little
one is suffering from any heart ailment. India affiliate
Paediatric heart surgeons in India are among the top
paediatric heart specialists and offer best in paediatric heart
care. Affordable Pediatric Heart Surgery in India at Best
Cardiac Hospitals with Top Pediatric Cardiac Surgeons in India
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery often deals with heart problems in children, the cause of
congenital heart diseases which are common heart ailments among new born children and
involves deficiencies like structural defects, congenital arrythmias and cardiomyopathies,
which result in different kinds of abnormalities related to the heart. Congenital heart
disease is a cause of improper growth of the heart or blood vessels before birth.

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Major Types of Cardiac Defects in Children :-
ASD- Atrial Septal Defect ASD:- Atrial Septal Defect
refers to a hole in the septum that separates the right and
left atrium. This results in mixing of pure and impure
blood. Depending on the size of the defect, the
symptoms may range from no symptoms to bluish
discoloration of the body, increase pulmonary blood
pressure and irregular cardiac contractions (arrhythmias).
It is corrected by open heart surgery. The sternum is split in the midline. Arterial and
double venous (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava) vessels are clamped. By
applying cardiopulmonary bypass (heart lung machine), the aorta is clamped, and the
heart is temporarily paralyzed by a solution. The right atrium is opened and the defect is
sutured.

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Ventricular Septal Defect :- Ventricular Septal Defect is a hole in the wall between the
right and left ventricles of the heart, which usually develops before birth. This defect can
lead to right and left ventricles working quite hard leading to their failure. Blood returning
to the heart from the blood vessels backs up into the lungs, causing pulmonary
congestion, and further backup into the body, causing weight gain and fluid retention.
Small VSDs' are symptomless and closed spontaneously as the child grows, but the large
VSDs' cause symptoms like difficulty in breathing and feeding, poor growth and pallor. The
symptoms occur due to the increase in size of the right ventricle (right ventricular
hypertrophy) and increase in pressure inside the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).
Fallot's Tetralogy :- It is the most common congenital heart defect in children. The defect
results in mixing of pure and impure blood. It comprises a combination of four defects-
right ventricular hypertrophy (increase in the size of right lower chamber), ventricular
septal defect (whole in the wall between the two ventricles), abnormal position of aorta
(aorta is on right side of heart instead of the left) and pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of
pulmonary valve opening which prevents outflow of blood from right ventricle).

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Double Valve Repair and Replacement
Valves are openings between two chambers and also
between a chamber and artery which allows
unidirectional flow of blood. The patency of these valves
is very important for normal flow of blood. The function
of mitral valve (between left atrium and left ventricle)
and the aortic valve (between left ventricle and aorta) is
very important.
If these valves get narrowed, the amount of blood passing from left atrium to left ventricle
(mitral valve) or from left ventricle to aorta (aortic valve) is drastically reduced. In this case
the heart will pump blood harder to push it through the narrowed valves. But the blood will
tend to go upwards back into the pulmonary vein and finally to the lungs.

6. How is the Surgery Performed ?
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Open heart surgery: It is done under general anesthesia. Firstly
an incision is made through the breastbone. Then some tubes
are used to re-route the blood through a special pump called a
heart-lung bypass machine. This machine keeps the blood
warm and adds oxygen to the blood and it keeps on moving
through the rest of the body while the surgeon is repairing the
heart.
Thoracotomy: This Procedure is used for some type of heart defect repairs, wherein the
incision is made on the side of the chest, between the ribs. It is also called a closed-heart
surgery. This surgery is done with the help of special instruments and a camera.
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