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Changes and Implications of Indian Agriculture,[object Object],Zahid Afzal ,[object Object],Atul Chavan,[object Object],Rajeshwar Haji ,[object Object],Katie Parrish,[object Object]
Changes And Implications Of Indian Agriculture
Religion,[object Object]
Government Structure of India,[object Object]
Administrative Structure of Bangladesh,[object Object],Bangladesh has four tires administration,[object Object],Units 				Number,[object Object],Division				6,[object Object],Districts/Zilas			64,[object Object],Upazila 				481,[object Object],Union 				4,498,[object Object],----------------------------------------------------------,[object Object],City Corporation 		6,[object Object],Municipalities 			308,[object Object],Thana 				599,[object Object],*Source: LGRD Ministry and Police Headquarters.,[object Object]
GDP,[object Object]
GDP Growth Rate in India,[object Object]
GDP Growth Rate in Bangladesh,[object Object]
Inflation in India,[object Object]
Inflation in Bangladesh,[object Object]
Current Recession,[object Object],According to BBC, 2010 projection of worldwide outsourcing is $110B,[object Object],Out of that, India’s market share is $60B (almost half),[object Object]
Current Recession,[object Object],Indian companies have major outsourcing deals from the US,[object Object],India's exports to the US have also grown substantially over the years,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Recession,[object Object]
Bangladesh Agricultural Development,[object Object],The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) under the Ministry of Agriculture is involved in cooperative activities in several ministries of government: Agriculture, Forest and Environment, Fisheries and Livestock, Rural Development, Education, Industries, Commerce, Science and Technology, etc. ,[object Object]
Bangladesh Agricultural Development,[object Object],BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute),[object Object],multi-crop research institute ,[object Object],cereals, tubers, pulses, oilseeds,,[object Object],non-commodity areas- soil and crop, disease and insect, irrigation and water,[object Object],Development-machinery, cropping and farming system, post-harvest handling and processing,,[object Object], socio-economic studies ,[object Object]
Bangladesh Agricultural Policies,[object Object],Ministry of Agriculture,[object Object],Ministry of Jute,[object Object],Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock,[object Object],Ministry of Environment and Forest, 1994,[object Object],Ministry of Land,[object Object],Ministry of Water Resources,[object Object],Ministry of Forests and Environment,[object Object],Ministry of Food,[object Object],Ministry of Rural Development and Cooperatives,[object Object],Planning commission, Ministry of Planning,[object Object]
Agricultural Land Use Comparison,[object Object]
Area and production of Agricultural products(Production in million tons),[object Object]
Production,[object Object],Perishables:,[object Object],China	$195 B,[object Object],USA 	$150 B,[object Object],India 	$105 B,[object Object],India produces,[object Object],41% of world’s mango,[object Object],23% of bananas,[object Object],24% of cashew nuts,[object Object],10% of onions,[object Object],30% of cauliflowers,[object Object],36% of green peas,[object Object],Livestock,[object Object],53% of world’s buffalo,[object Object],17% of goat,[object Object]
Diet / ,[object Object],functional / ,[object Object],Nortth America, ,[object Object],Japan, Western ,[object Object],organic foods,[object Object],Europe, Australia,[object Object],C,[object Object],onvenience ,[object Object],Eastern ,[object Object],foods,[object Object],Europe,[object Object],Snacks / ,[object Object],prepared ,[object Object],meals,[object Object],India,[object Object],, China, ,[object Object],Dairy, meat, ,[object Object],Latin America,[object Object],fresh fruits,[object Object],fruit juices, ,[object Object],beverages,[object Object],Africa,[object Object],Carbohydrate ,[object Object],(Sub,[object Object],-,[object Object],Saharan),[object Object],staples,[object Object],Mass ,[object Object],Quality,[object Object],Convenience,[object Object],High ,[object Object],Technology,[object Object],Surviving,[object Object],Market,[object Object],Food Service,[object Object],Hygiene,[object Object],Source: Rabobank International,[object Object],Snacking,[object Object],Evolution of Global Food Demand,[object Object]
India's share in global production (2001-03),[object Object],11%,[object Object],Vegetables,[object Object],(Large producer),[object Object],India's share in global exports ,[object Object],15%,[object Object],Fruits,[object Object],(1991-93),[object Object],2.1%,[object Object],Vegetables,[object Object],0%,[object Object],5%,[object Object],10%,[object Object],15%,[object Object],20%,[object Object],(2001-03),[object Object],1.7%,[object Object],Indian prices as a % of world prices (2001-03),[object Object],0.4%,[object Object],(Nominal),[object Object],Fruits,[object Object],53%,[object Object],Vegetables,[object Object],0.5%,[object Object],(Low cost producer),[object Object],0%,[object Object],2%,[object Object],4%,[object Object],6%,[object Object],8%,[object Object],10%,[object Object],63%,[object Object],Fruits,[object Object],What is wrong?,[object Object],0%,[object Object],20%,[object Object],40%,[object Object],60%,[object Object],80%,[object Object],100%,[object Object],Source: UN COMTRADE Statistics, World Bank Staff Estimates,[object Object]
Food Safety and Cultural Issues in India,[object Object]
Different Standards,[object Object],International Standards,[object Object],Internal Standards,[object Object],Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS),[object Object],Indian Standards Institute (ISI),[object Object],Similarly, Bangladesh has Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) ,[object Object],International Organization for Standards (ISO),[object Object],WTO,[object Object],Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS),[object Object],Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT),[object Object]
Different Standards,[object Object],Domestic Standards,[object Object],Should follow Bureau of Indian Standards,[object Object],BUT…reality check!,[object Object],Too costly,[object Object]
Cultural Issues,[object Object],Hindu,[object Object],India has 70% Hindus ,[object Object],They consider the cow as a sacred animal,[object Object],Slaughtering is illegal in most of the country,[object Object],Muslim,[object Object],India has largest Muslim population,[object Object],Muslim cannot eat pork,[object Object],Meat has to be processed according to religious method (Halal),[object Object],Can’t stun, religious verse,[object Object]
Cultural Issues – Firm Level,[object Object],(Future) Problems for Wal-Mart ,[object Object],Want to sell meat in stores (for Muslims),[object Object],Would need large slaughtering plant (could get permission but…),[object Object],No room,[object Object],Would be resistance from large Hindu population,[object Object],Muslims would want,[object Object],2 separate salespeople for beef and pork,[object Object],2 separate sets of machinery,[object Object]
Food Safety,[object Object],Sanitary standards,[object Object],Depends on economic class (income and education),[object Object],Have standards but not followed,[object Object],Ministry of Health and Family welfare website on Food Safety,[object Object],Slaughtering,[object Object],http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJPnQXHtixY,[object Object]
Relevant Legislations and Institutional Set-up,[object Object]
Changes And Implications Of Indian Agriculture
Level of Processing (Fruits & Vegetables),[object Object],USA	-	80 %,[object Object],France -		70 %,[object Object],Malaysia-	80 %,[object Object],Thailand-	30 %,[object Object],India -		1.3 %,[object Object]
Level of Processing (Perishables),[object Object],OrganizedUnorganizedTotal,[object Object], Fruits / Vegetables   1.3%          0.8%      2.2%,[object Object], Milk /milk products    13%           22%	 35%,[object Object], Buffalo Meat	         21%            -	    	21%,[object Object], Poultry	        6%             -	     	6%,[object Object], Marine Products          8%             15%    	21%,[object Object]
Cost Build Up For One Kg. Basket Of Fruit ,[object Object],11.6,[object Object],2.5,[object Object],1.7,[object Object],4.1,[object Object],3.3,[object Object],CONSUMER PRICE,[object Object],FARMER,[object Object],TRADER,[object Object],WHOLESALER,[object Object],RETAILER,[object Object],Retail Markups,[object Object],350,[object Object],220,[object Object],160,[object Object],100,[object Object],FARM GATE PRICES,[object Object],MILK,[object Object],FISH,[object Object],FRUITS &VEGETABLES,[object Object],Value Chain,[object Object]
APMC Reforms - Status,[object Object]
Agriculture commodity Market Structure In India,[object Object]
Changes And Implications Of Indian Agriculture
Firm Level Issues,[object Object],Reliance,[object Object],Better Infrastructure,[object Object],Supply Chain Management,[object Object],Food Safety,[object Object],ITC, Ltd.,[object Object],Echoupal Fresh,[object Object],Supply Chain Management,[object Object],Food Safety,[object Object],Benefits of a private organized market structure,[object Object]
Reliance Fresh,[object Object],[object Object]
A typical Reliance Fresh store is approximately 3000-4000 square. feet and caters to a catchment area of 1-2 km.,[object Object]
Problems faced by Reliance:,[object Object],Recently their stores in Jharkhand faced the ire of mobs comprising of local vegetable vendors. They vandalized and attacked the stores claiming that they were stealing their livelihoods.,[object Object],In August 2007, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati ordered to close 10 new stores keeping view of Law & order situation. In November 2007, Reliance Fresh stores are attacked by Bharatiya Janshakti Party supporters headed by Uma Bharti.,[object Object],‘Suicide’ squad against Reliance Fresh outlets',[object Object],Bhubaneswar: Traders and roadside vendors opposing the opening of Reliance Fresh outlets in Orissa on Saturday formed a “suicide” squad.,[object Object],“As many as 100 youth today joined the squad as they prefer to die while fighting rather than facing starvation,” All-Orissa Roadside Vendors and Small Shop Owners Association president PratapSahu said.,[object Object]
Why companies looking at F&V market….,[object Object],Traditionally, agriculture commodities were procured in "mandis" (major agricultural marketing centers in rural areas of India), where the middleman used to make most of the profit. These middlemen used unscientific and sometimes outright unfairmeans to judge the quality of the product to set the price. Difference in price for good quality and inferior quality was less, and hence there was no incentive for the farmers to invest and produce good quality output.,[object Object]
Economics of Organized Markets,[object Object],Price Spread/ Price stabilization,[object Object]
Other MNCs in Agriculture,[object Object],[object Object]
Cargill India
Monsanto         BT Cotton
Syngenta,[object Object]

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