1. THYROID GLAND
Megha Naik,
Batch 12- PGDCR
Date : 14.12.12

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Table of Contents
 Why is Thyroid Gland important?
 Anatomy
 Physiology
 Functions of thyroid hormones
 How are Thyroid hormones regulated?
 Disorders of Gland
 Hypothyroidism
 Hyperthyroidism
 Summary

3. WHY IS THYROID GLAND
IMPORTANT ?
Secretions of the Thyroid gland control:
 Body’s Metabolism
 Growth
 Development
Also affects : Cardiovascular System,
Central Nervous System and
Reproductive System.

4. ANATOMY
 Butterfly-shaped organ,
 composed of two cone-
like lobes or wings
connected via
the isthmus,
 Lies on the anterior side
of the neck, lying against
and around
the larynx and trachea

5. PHYSIOLOGY
 Endocrine Gland
 Follicular Cells - secretes Thyroid
hormones-
T3 – triiodothyronine and
T4 – Tetraiodothyronine / thyroxine
 Parafollicular cells – secretes Calcitonin

6. FUNCTIONS
HORMONES FUNCTIONS
T3 and T4 Regulates metabolic rate
Calcitonin Regulates calcium and
phosphate levels in blood.

7. HOW ARE THYROID HORMONES
REGULATED?
Controlled by :
 Thyrotropin
Releasing
Hormone
 Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Regulated by :
 Negative feedback
mechanism

8. DISORDERS OF THYROID GLAND
 Hypothyroidism
 Hyperthyroidism

9. HYPOTHYROIDISM
Reasons Effects Treatment
 Hashimoto  Hormone
 Goiter
disease, replacement
 Myxedema Therapy
 Iodine
 Cretinism  Levothyroxin
Deficiency,
 Pituitary e (T4)
 Liothyronine
Insufficiency,
 Surgical (T3)
removal of
thyroid gland

10. HYPERTHYROIDISM
Reasons Effects Treatment
 Grave’s  Thyroid
 Grave’s
disease, Inhibitors,
Disease  Radioactive
 Tumors,
 Exopthalmos iodine,
 Thyroiditis,
 Gluco-
 Thyroid Storm,
corticoids,
 Surgical
removal

11. Summary
 Endocrine gland located in the anterior
neck.
 Primary function is to regulate body’s
metabolic rate.
 Deficiency of the thyroid hormones causes
Goiter,Myxedema, Cretinism.
 Hypersecretion causes Grave’s Disease
and Exopthalmos

12. References
 http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphy
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid
 http://images.yourdictionary.com/thyroid-gland

13. QUESTIONS??

14. THANK YOU