Functions and Disorders of Urinary System

2. Essential Questions
 What are the functions of the urinary system?
 What are some disorders of the urinary system?
 How are disorders of the urinary system treated?
 How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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3. Functions:
 Excretion
 Formation of urine
 Fluid and electrolyte balance
 Elimination of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4. Functions:
 Excretion
 Formation of urine
 Fluid and electrolyte balance
 Elimination of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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5. Excretion
 What is excretion?
 Why does the body have excretory functions?
 What is the composition of wastes excreted by
the urinary system?
 How is it relevant to health?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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6. Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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7. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
• Blood from renal
artery enters
glomerulus
• High pressure in
glomerulus forces
fluid into Bowman’s
capsule, where it is
filtered
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8. BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
 Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min.
…how many cc’s per hour is this?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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9.  What substances are reabsorbed?
 Where do they go?
 If blood levels of certain substances are high, the
substances will not be reabsorbed.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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10. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is secretion?
Describe how this
process is the opposite
of reabsorption….
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11.  What substances are secreted into the
collecting tubules?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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12. Fluid and electrolyte balance
 Electrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain
body’s acid-base balance.
• What are electrolytes?
• What do they do?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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13. Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
• ADH
• Aldosterone
Nervous control
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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14. Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
 The regulation & secretion of ADH is under
the control of the hypothalamus
 ADH is actually secreted from the posterior
pituitary gland
 What is the function of
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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15. Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
 The amount of ADH produced is related to the
level of body hydration
 What factors regulate the release of ADH?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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16. Forming more dilute urine:
 What are diuretics?
 What effect do they have on the production of
urine?
 Give examples of substances that have diuretic
effects.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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17. Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
Aldosterone
 Where does it come from?
 What does it do?
 Aldosterone release is the result of the renin-
angiotensin system. What does this mean?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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18. Fluid and electrolyte balance
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure?
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19. Fluid and electrolyte balance
Nervous control
 How does the nervous system
control urinary secretions?
 What other systems are involved in
the production and excretion of
urine?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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20. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange,
and some factors that effect urine volume.
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21.  What do you predict will happen to blood
pressure when the blood volume increases?
 What if blood
volume decreases?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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22.  If more water is reabsorbed back into the
body---what will happen to urine
concentration?
 (more or less concentrated?)
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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23. Elimination of urine
What causes the bladder to empty?
Is this a voluntary or involuntary action?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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24. Elimination of urine
Urinary output
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day
What effects the
color of your
urine?
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25. An examination of urine
 What does normal urine look like?
 What constitutes an abnormal urinalysis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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26. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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27. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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28. Cystitis
 What is cystitis
(cyst= medical term for ____ +itis =___ )
Most common cause: E. Coli
What are the major symptoms of cystitis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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29. Cystitis
 More common in females—Why ??
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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30. Glomerulonephritis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disease which
injures the
glomerulus.
What will happen
as a result of
damaged
glomeruli?
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31. Glomerulonephritis
 Two types:
• Acute
• Chronic
 What is the prognosis for each?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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32. Renal calculi (Kidney stones)
Also known as nephrolithiasis
nephro lith iasis
What are renal calculi made of?
What are the symptoms?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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33. Renal calculi
 What will happen if
the ureters are
blocked?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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34. Renal calculi
How is it treated?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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35. Renal calculi
How does lithotripsy work?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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36. Renal failure
Acute
• What causes it?
• What are the symptoms?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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37. Renal failure
chronic
May be none in early stages, urinalysis
may reveal proteinuria
Why would protein be present in the
urine?
Why is this not normal?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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38. Renal Failure
 Chronic kidney
disease leads to a
buildup of fluid and
waste products in
the body.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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39. Renal Failure
 How is it treated?
• Peritoneal dialysis
• What is the process
involved in this
treatment?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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40. Renal Failure
 How is it treated?
• Hemodialysis
• What is
hemodialysis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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41. Renal Failure
Compare the treatment of acute and
chronic renal failure.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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42. How does hemodialysis mimic
glomerular function?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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43. Renal transplant
 What is involved in this treatment option?
 When does a patient get a transplant?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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44. Renal transplant
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is the
major
complication of
renal
transplantation?
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45.  Essential Questions
 What are the functions of the urinary system?
 What are some disorders of the urinary system?
 How are disorders of the urinary system treated?
 How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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