GOTHIC ART - ARTE GÓTICO (BILINGUAL IN ENGLISH/SPANISH) IES DIEGO TORRENTE PÉREZ- SECCIÓN EUROPEA EN INGLÉS. SAN CLEMENTE (CUENCA) 2º ESO - CIENCIAS SOCIALES

2. Gothic style began
in the middle of 12th
century in France,
and then spread all
over Europe.
El estilo Gótico
comenzó
a
mediados del siglo
XII en Francia.
Desde
allí
se
extendió por toda
Europa
Catedral de Beauvais

3. GOTHIC
EXPANSION

4. Romanesque style did not
disappear suddenly. Both
styles co-existed for a few
years,
but
Gothic
substituted
Romanesque
little by little.
El estilo Románico no
desapareció
repentinamente.
Ambos
estilos coexistieron varios
años, hasta que finalmente
el ´Gótico sustituyó al
Románico.

5. CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO (s. XIIXV)

7. Gothic was a urban art.
Every city wanted to have its
own
cathedral,
the
most
characteristic symbol of Gothic
art. Cathedrals were symbols of
prestige for cities.
Gothic is an urban art.
Cada ciudad quería tener su
propia catedral, el símbolo más
característico del arte Gótico.
Las catedrales eran los símbolos
de prestigio para las ciudades.

8.  Not only religious buildings
were built, but also markets
(lonjas), palaces, town
halls…
 No sólo se construyeron
edificios religiosos, sino
también lonjas, palacios,
ayuntamientos.

9. Castillo
Castillo
Palacio
Palacio
Lonja
Lonja
Catedral
Catedral

11. h

12.  Gothic
temples were
higher than Romanesque
temples.
 Los templos góticos eran
más altos que los
Románicos.
Catedral de Beauvais

13.  The use of pointed (or
ogival) arches
 La utilización de arcos
apuntados (u ojivales)

14. The use of ribbed vaults
La utilización de bóvedas de
crucería
Bóvedas de
Crucería
Ribbed vaults

17. Fan Vault
Sexpartite Vault

18.  Walls were not so massive or huge as they were
during the Romanesque period.
 Gothic buildings have many more windows, and thus
they are brighter inside.
 Los muros no eran tan anchos como en los
edificios románicos.
 Los edificios góticos tienen muchas más ventanas,
y así los interiores tienen mucha más luz.

19. CATEDRAL DE LEÓN

20.  Stained glasses were inserted in the windows.
 En las ventanas se introducían vidrieras.

22. ROSETÓN / ROSE
CATEDRAL DE METZ (Francia). Rosetón

23. White light coming from the
sun trespassed the stained
glass
thus
creating
an
intense
atmosphere
inside
the
temple.
La luz blanca del Sol que
entraba a través de las
vidrieras
creaba
una
atmósfera espiritual intensa

25. Inside the cathedral, pillars are
used; outside, buttresses and
flying buttresses are used,
supporting the weights of the
vault.
En el interior emplea pilares,
mientras que en el exterior usa
arbotantes que trasladan los
empujes de la bóveda a los
contrafuertes.

27.  At the top of the
counterforts, pinnacles
were
erected
as
decoration.
 En la parte de arriba de
los
contrafuertes,
se
erigían pináculos como
decoración.

29.  Latin Cross plans are
used
and
poligonal
chevets (apses).
 Se
sigue
usando
la
planta de cruz latina y
la cabecera poligonal.

30. CROSS
LATIN
PLANS
WITH 3
OR 5
NAVES,
APSE AND
AMBULATORY
WITH
CHAPELS.

31. Doble girola
B
C
C
B
3o5
naves
3 fachadas
(A,B,C)
Torres
A
Plano de la Catedral
de Chartres
A
Plano de la Catedral de
Notre Dame de París

32. Gothic cathedral section

33. Apses were enlarged.
Los ábsides se agrandan

34. There were usually 3 or 4 storeys inside
Había normalmente 3 o 4 pisos de altura
en el interior

35.  A rose window covered with stained glass was
situated on the facade
 Un rosetón (vidriera circular) se situaba en la
fachada.

36.  Gargoyles were used for getting rid of rainwater,
and for decoration
 Las gárgolas se utilizaban para desaguar y para
decoración

40. Gothic Architecture

41. PINÁCULO
ARCO
OJIVAL
BÓVEDA
DE
CRUCERÍA
ARCO
ARBOTANTE
CONTRAFUERTE
NAVE
LATERAL
NAVE
CENTRAL

42. Catedral de León
Gablete
Gablete
Arbotantes
Arbotantes
Portada
Portada
Rosetón
Rosetón
ojival
ojival

43. ESCULTURA EN
ARQUIVOLTAS,
TÍMPANO, JAMBAS
Y PARTELUZ

44. Gablet
Archivolts
Tympanum
Pinnacle
Lintel
Jambs
Trumeau
Jambs

45. Gablete

46. Rosetón
Rosetón
Gablete
Gablete

47. Chapiteles
y agujas
Gablete
Catedral de Barcelona

49. Notre Dame de Paris.

50. The western facade of
Reims Cathedral, France.

51. Catedral de Amiens

52. Catedral de Chartres

53. Sainte-Chapelle - Interior.

54. Milan Cathedral (Duomo)
The biggest and greatest late gothic architecture in Italy.
1386-1577, west front 1616-1813

55. Leuven, Belgium Town Hall
15th Century

56. Early Gothic
12th century
High Gothic
13th century
Mudéjar Gothic
13th-15th century
Levantino Gothic
14th century
Late Gothic
15th century
Isabelline Gothic
15th century

60. Catedral de Palma de Mallorca

61. CATEDRAL DE LEÓN
VISTA GENERAL
PLANTA DE CRUZ LATINA CON
CABECERA MUY DESARROLLADA Y
DOBLE GIROLA
ARBOTANTES
CLAUSTRO
ABSIDIOLOS

62. Romanesque apse with mudéjar
and gothic additions
La Seo Cathedral at night

63. h

64. h

65. h

66. Lonja y Consulado del Mar. Valencia

67. Lonja de Valencia.
Interior

68. LONJA DE PALMA DE MALLORCA. Interior. Bóvedas estrelladas.

69. Claustro del Hospital de San Juan de los Reyes

70. Ayuntamiento
de Bruselas

71. Palazzo del Comune.
Siena

72. Palacio del Dux de Venecia

73. UNIVERSIDAD DE CAMBRIDGE

75. Figures
were
becoming
independent
from
architecture.
Figures were more realistic
and natural than during the
Romanesque style.
Las obras se fueron liberando
de la adaptación a la
arquitectura.
Las figuras se representaron
de forma más realista y
natural.

76. Most of sculptures were religious but
they began to appear the first
sculptures of nobles or burghers.
Figures are getting movement, curves
lines get successful.
There was an interest to express
feelings: happiness, sadness, hurt, etc.
Aparecieron los primeros retratos de
nobles y burgueses.
Las figuras
movimiento.
empiezan
a
adquirir
Existió un interés por expresar
sentimientos de alegría, tristeza,

77.  Clothes and gestures were more detailled.
Tomb of Philippe Le
Pot.

78. Both reliefs and free-standing sculptures
were made.
Se hicieron tanto relieves como figuras
exentas.

79. Sepulchres
 It is one of the new locations
for sculpture.
 The characteristics are:
 Death person depicted on
the bed, laying or praying
 Symbolic animal images
 They were commanded by
nobility or bourgeoisie
 They appear in the chapels.

80. Other locations
 Other places for sculptures are:
 Choir chairs
 Pulpits
 Altar pieces

82. Facades or portals were decorated with
reliefs
Las portadas eran decoradas con relieves.

84. Capitals...

85. Tympana (tympanum is
singular)

86. Columns on the facades...

87. And archivolts

88. Saints and sinners were
represented

91. Gothic sculptures are more
natural and full of expression
than Romanesque

94.  Naturalism affected the
two main images
depicted:
 The Virgin is not any
longer a throne for her
son but a mother who
plays with him
 Christ is a human person
who suffers in the cross
or who is death.

95. In Spain there were two
important sculptors: Gil de
Siloé and Pere Joan
Gil de Siloé

96. Pere Joan

97. Wooden retables were placed
behind the altars. This one
is in a convent in Burgos
(Cartuja de Miraflores)

99. Tombs could be very
beautiful, too

100. Virgen Blanca de León y de

101. Spain
 In some cases the person appears in a normal
attitude, as is they were alive. El doncel de
Sigüenza

103. Painting on walls losses
its importance, as walls
were changed by wide
windows and there were
no place to paint.
La pintura mural perdió la
importancia, Los muros
fueron sustituidos por
amplios ventanales y no
hubo lugar donde realizar
las pinturas.

104. They used to paint on
wood, so altarpieces
made with wood
appeared.
Adquirió importancia
la pintura sobre
madera, dando lugar a
la aparición de los
retablos pictóricos

105. The more painted subjects were religious, but
also portraits.
Usually nobles or burghers who paid the
painting appeared as donants.
Los temas más representados
siguieron siendo los religiosos
y también los retratos.
Muchas veces los nobles y
burgueses que pagaban la
pintura aparecían como
donantes.

106. Other important features were:
• Richful colours.
• Use of golden colours.
• Landscapes in the background.
• Realism.
• Movement.
Otras características importantes fueron:
•Riqueza de colores,
•El uso
•del dorado,
•La introducción de paisajes de fondo,
•La búsqueda del realismo y
•El movimiento de las figuras.

107. Gothic Painting
 Altarpieces and Icons were common religious paintings.
Last Judgement, Roger Van der
Weyden.
Icon: Virgin
with child

108. Gothic Painting
 Portraits also
became important.

109. Gothic Painting
 They continue
illustrating religious
books.
 Miniatures were the
most important type.

111. Roger van Weyden. El descendimiento

113.  In Spain , Luis Dalmau
and Jaume Huguet
were the most famous
painters.
 En España, Luis
Dalmau y Jaume
Huguet fueron los
pintores más
importantes.
Jaume Huguet.
San Abdón y San Senén

114. Luis Dalmau
La Virgen de los Consejeros

115. Bartolomé Bermejo
Santo Domingo de Silos