The document discusses menstruation and the menstrual cycle. It covers three learning objectives: 1) describing menstruation as the breakdown of the uterine lining, 2) relating menstruation to the menstrual cycle, and 3) stating the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, including FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. The menstrual cycle involves the development of follicles in the ovaries, ovulation on day 14, and changes in the uterine lining regulated by hormones. If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining breaks down and menstruation occurs.

1. menstruation

2. &

3. Menstrual
cycle

5. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
is menstruation
LO2: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle
LO3: State the hormones
3 involve in the menstrual
cycle
Assessment
4

6. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
is menstruation
LO2: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle
LO3: State the hormones
3 involve in the menstrual
cycle
Assessment
4

7. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be • What is menstruation?
1 able to describe what The breakdown of uterine
is menstruation lining (endometrium) that will
be discharge/shed through
LO2: Relate menstruation the vagina with a small
2 with the menstrual cycle
amount of blood and some
cells
LO3: State the hormones
• When does it begin?
3 involve in the menstrual When a girl reaches puberty
(11 to 15 years)
cycle
Assessment • How long does this process
4 occur?
5 to 7 days

8. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
is menstruation
LO3: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle
LO3: State the hormones
3 involve in the menstrual
cycle
Assessment
4

9. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Blood & tissue

10. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

11. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

12. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

13. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Bleeding last for about 5 days

14. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Hormones

15. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Follicle

16. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Development of follicles

17. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Development & maturation

18. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

19. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Uterine lining thicken

20. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Ready for embryo
implantation

21. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Blood and nutrient

22. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Hormones

23. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

24. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

25. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
An egg is release!

26. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Egg travel to the upper part
of Fallopian tube

27. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
SPERM

28. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
FERTILIZATION
SPERM

29. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
ZYGOTE

30. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
ZYGOTE

31. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
ZYGOTE DEVELOP INTO EMBRYO

32. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
ZYGOTE DEVELOP INTO EMBRYO

33. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
EMBRYO IMPLANT ITSELF ON THE
UTERINE LINING

34. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
IMPLANTATION IS COMPLETE!

35. WHAT IF THE EGG IS UNFERTILIZED?

36. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Unfertilized egg
Hormones

37. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Hormones

38. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Hormones

39. AND SO THE CYCLE GOES ON …

40. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Blood & tissue

41. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

42. AND ON …

43. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
is menstruation
LO2: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle
LO3: State the hormones
3 involve in the menstrual
cycle
Assesment
4
For further explanation, click

44. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Fertilization
ovum meets sperm in oviduct
The Menstrual Cycle
- no menstruation occurs
(uterine lining will not break down) Day 0-5
Menstruation occurs
Yes - uterine lining break down
No - the unfertilized ovum is
discharged through the vagina
Fertilization ?
Day 14-28 (or Day 0)
Day 5-14
Uterine lining becomes very thick
Before ovulation:
- ready to receive fertilized ovum
uterine lining starts to thicken
( blood supply--> food & O2)
prepare for fertilized ovum
Day 14
Ovulation occurs
- not occur during pregnancy

45. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
2 groups of hormone
is menstruation
LO2: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle
Group 1 Group 2
Control Control
LO3: State the hormones changes in changes in
3 involve in the menstrual the ovary the uterus
cycle (development (thickening of
of ovum) endometrium)
Assessment
4

46. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
is menstruation
• Gonadotrophin
releasing
LO2: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle hormone (GnRH)
•Follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH)
LO3: State the hormones
3 involve in the menstrual •Luteinising hormone (LH)
cycle
Assessment
4

47. Ovarian event Hormone levels
Days
LH
FSH
Ovarian cycle

48. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
is menstruation
• Oestrogen
LO2: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle
•Progesteron
LO3: State the hormones
3 involve in the menstrual
cycle
Assessment
4

49. MENSTRUATION & MENSTRUAL CYCLE
LO1: Students should be
1 able to describe what
is menstruation
LO2: Relate menstruation
2 with the menstrual cycle
LO3: State the hormones
3 involve in the menstrual
cycle
Assessment
4
For more assessment, click

50. Match the hormones with the right functions:
Stimulate growth of follicle in the ovary Progesterone
Promotes repair and growth of the endometrium
LH
lining
High levels inhibit FSH secretion and induce the
FSH
endometrium to thicken and vascularise
Causes ovulation to occur Oestrogen

51. TIMES
IN THE OVARY IN THE UTERUS
(DAY)
1-5 Primary Follicle develop Menstruation occur
Endometrium become thicker.
6-13 Graafian Follicle matures Many blood vessel is develop
in it
Endometrium Continues To
14 Ovulation occurs
Thickens
15-24 Corpus Luteum develops Endometrium repaires and
thickens
Corpus Luteum
25-28 degenerates if no Endometrium begins to
fertilisation breakdown

52. Click on the image according to the arrangement of follicle development
from day 1 to day 28 of menstrual cycle
FOLLICLE
DEVELOPMENT
End of assessment