digital literacy, ICT, information and communication technology, mgsree, technology for schools

1. Digital Literacy &
ICT in Education
M.G. Sreekumar
Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode

2. Agenda
• The Information / Knowledge Paradigm – Some Thoughts
• Teachers’ Concerns
• Pedagogy Vs. Andragogy
• ICT Overview
• Changing Information Landscape
• WWW
• Digital Literacy
• E-Learning Overview
• Key Enabling Technologies / Tools for Schools
• Open Source Software - Overview

3. “I never teach my pupils;
I only attempt to provide the conditions
in which they can learn.“
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)

4. There are billions of neurons in our brains, but what
are neurons? Just cells. The brain has no knowledge
until connections are made between neurons.
All that we know, all that we are, comes from the way
our neurons are connected.
-- Tim Berners-Lee

5. Organizational
Knowledge Sharing
K = (P + I) S
People
Technology Information

6. Teachers’ Concerns
• Students can no longer prepare bark to
calculate problems. They depend instead on
expensive slates. What will they do when the
slate is dropped and breaks?
Teacher’s Conference, 1703

7. Teachers’ Concerns
• Students depend on paper too much. They no
longer know how to write on a slate without
getting dust all over themselves. What will
happen when they run out of paper?
Principal’s Association Meeting, 1815

8. Teachers’ Concerns
• Students depend too much upon ink. They
no longer know how to use a knife to
sharpen a pencil.
National Association of Teachers, 1907

9. Teachers’ Concerns
• Students depend too much on store bought
ink. They don’t know how to make their
own. What will happen when they run out?
Rural American Teacher, 1928

10. Teachers’ Concerns
• They say now the educational systems have
undergone a paradigm shift and it’s no longer
teacher-centric or classroom centric
- IT’S STUDENT CENTRIC !
- IT’S LEARNER CENTRIC !!
• Anonymous

11. • If Education goes out of Classrooms
and the Knowledge gets liberated
from Teachers, what would be the
role of Educators?
• Anonymous

12. Pedagogy << Teacher
• Lectures
• Exercises
• Project works
• Case method
• Simulations
• Games
• Role plays
• Live projects
• Book reading
• …

13. Andragogy >> Learner
• Learner’s self-concept moves from dependency to
independency or self-directedness
• They accumulate a reservoir of experiences that can
be used as a basis on which to build learning
• Their readiness to learn becomes increasingly
associated with the developmental tasks of social
roles
• Their time and curricular perspectives change from
postponed to immediacy of application and
• From subject-centeredness to performance-
centeredness

14. Indicators
• Paradigm Shift -
• Technology lifestyle
• Trends in teaching / learning process
• Emergence of a new “Digital World”
• Vanishing links in the info. supply chain
• Velocity - the order of the day
• Business @ speed of thought
• Learning / Unlearning / Relearning @ speed
of change

15. ICT in Schools
Acts as a Force Multiplier for the School
Student Centric Learning has added great
value for both the learner and the learned

16. ICT in Schools
Role of ICT in Knowledge based Society
The National curriculum framework 2005 (NCF
2005) highlighted the importance of ICT in school
education
Paradigm shift imperative in education:
Imparting instructions,
Collaborative learning,
Multidisciplinary problem-solving and
Promoting critical thinking skills

17. National ICT Agenda
PEOPLE
- Work Culture
- ICT Skills
- Knowledge worker
- Learning Society
INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATION &
CONTENT
- Communication
KNOWLEDGE-BASED
KNOWLEDGE- - Smart Schools
- Fibre-Optic Cabling
ECONOMY - e-govt.
- Gigabit ATM
- Smartcard
- Satellite
- Transport/Logistic - Tele-medicine
- Others
- etc

18. Books, eBooks, JLS,
Books, eBooks, JLS,
Books, eBooks
Books, eBooks eJournals, Scholarly
POD, JLs, eJLs, eJournals, Scholarly
POD, JLs, eJLs, Articles, ePrint Archives,
Articles, ePrint Archives,
Newspapers
Newspapers ETDs, eCourses
AV media ETDs, eCourses
AV media Popular
Popular
Information
Information
Scholarly
Scholarly
Information
Information
The Information
The Information
Web Landscape Digitized
Digitized
Web Landscape
Resources Information
Information
Resources
(DL Initiatives)
(DL Initiatives)
Surface Web,
Surface Web, Commercial,
Commercial,
Deep Web,
Deep Web, National,
National,
Multi-Modal
Multi-Modal State & Local Level
State & Local Level
Semantic Web
Semantic Web NGOs
NGOs

19. The Google Generation
The Digital Native Generation

20. Magic of the Web
• The universe (which others call the Web) is the place
where society keeps the sum total of human
knowledge.
• It's where we learn and play, shop and
do business, keep up with old friends and meet new
ones ...
• Today we stand at the epicenter of a revolution in how
society creates, organizes, locates, presents,
and preserves information ...
• .... It's all the Web ....
Ian Witten et al. in "Web Dragons"

22. Google Syndrome
• Can we assume that a search engine
will – intrinsically – teach how to find,
manage and interpret information ??

24. Digital Literacy
• Effective use of technology to improve learning,
productivity, and collaboration
• Ability to find, use, summarize, evaluate, and
communicate information is critical to success in
the global knowledge economy

25. Digital Literacy
• Skills, knowledge and understanding required to
use new technology and media to create and
share meaning
• Involves the functional skills of reading and
writing digital texts:
– Being able to 'read' a website by navigating
through hyperlinks and
– 'writing' and by uploading text as well as digital
photos to a social networking site
• Knowledge of how particular communication
technologies affect the meanings they convey,
and the ability to analyse and evaluate the
knowledge available on the web

26. Digital Literacy
• Optimal teaching and learning requires a full
range of ICT tools, including:
– Broadband Internet connectivity;
– Appropriate Software Applications; and
– Operating environments

27. Challenges
• Digital media literacy - a key skill in every
discipline and profession
• Appropriate metrics of evaluation lag behind the
emergence of new scholarly forms of authoring,
publishing, and researching
• Economic pressures and new models of
education present unprecedented competition to
traditional models of the school/ university
• Keeping pace with the rapid proliferation of
information, software tools, and devices

28. Key Trends
• World of work is increasingly becoming
collaborative
• Technologies used are increasingly cloud-based,
and the notions of IT support are decentralized
• People wish to work, learn, and study whenever
and wherever they want
• Abundance of resources and relationships made
easily accessible via the Internet is increasingly
challenging the educators’ roles in sense-making,
coaching, and credentialing

29. Technology Adoption to Enhance
Teaching and Learning
• What are the relationships between the
resources available to teachers in support of
– technology adoption,
– teachers’ attitudes toward technology,
– teachers’ professional development, and
– teacher use of technology and stage of adoption?
• What conditions are more likely to promote
technology integration into classroom
instruction by teachers?
• If change is to occur in the classrooms, it must
begin with the teacher, not the technology

30. Digital Natives
• New Gen – Digital Natives
• Children are engaging more than ever
before with technology and digital
media:
– video games,
– music editing,
– animation,
– social networking sites,
– video sharing,
– and other different forms of online
communication

31. Learning 2.0

32. What is E-learning?
The use of Internet technologies to deliver a E-learning is
broad array of solutions that enhance
Internet-enabled learning
knowledge and performance
Rosenberg, 2001
http://www.cisco.com

33. E-Learning
• ICT assisted/based systems
• CBTs / WBTs
• Online Courses / Courseware
• E-Resources >> Learning Objects
• Digital Libraries
• Discussion Forums
• Digital Portfolios
• Tele / Video Conferencing
• Web 2.0 based (collaborative) Learning 2.0

34. Enterprise IT Environment
Integration
Shared Data
Intranet
Firewall Internet
PCs
Servers

35. You don’t understand anything until you
learn it more than one way
Marvin Minsky

36. E-learning: Blended mode
Chalk-and-board has long Interactive Digital Content:
ruled the classrooms • more emphasis
• will not be eliminated • on demand learning
• Less emphasis • interactive

37. Open Source
General Platforms / Applications
OSs
Net/Web Security MLs
Linux, BSD..
1992+
OAI Web Servers
Apache, Java apps..
Img Processing
IMageMagick… Server-Side Scripting
LAMP, WAMP, MAMP
Applications
Mobile Computing
Emacs, grep, sendmail, ssh…
WML, WAP, WiFi...
Prgm Langs Web Services
RDBMS
Perl, PHP, Tomcat, Cocoon,
MySQL, PostgreSQL, mSQL…
Python… Ant, SRU/SRW…

38. A KNOWLEDGE INTERACTION INTERFACE (KII)
FOR A KNOWLEDGE WORKER
Workgroup
Strategic Info.
e
dg
t
en
Self Study / Discovery
le
ow
em
Knowledge
Kn
ag
an
Map
M
Push
Digital Technology
Library
E-Learning
Personal
Dash Board E-Mail
Contact
Best Practices groups
Repository
Group Study / Collaboration

39. Web Based E-Learning Platform
LMS - The Virtual Classroom
• Announcements - Front office of the virtual class
room
• Course - Syllabus, schedule etc.
• Staff / Instructor
• Course Documents - Upload relevant reading
materials, articles etc.
• Assignments - Essays, tests, and quizzes taken by
the students
• Communication - E-Mail, Discussion Groups, Chat,
Roster, Group Works etc.
• External Links - Links to outside Websites /
resources
• Tools - Enabling students with various softwares,
application templates, digital drop boxes etc.

40. Learning Management System (LMS)
Moodle – Open Source LMS
Boom to students who are slow learners
Teachers find it difficult to adjust to the pace of learning of
various students
Students have certain preference to Channel of
Communication – Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic
Students require a huge amount of information and
resources available in the Internet, E-Journals, E-Books etc.
The entire lecture and clarifications can be made available
in the LMS

41. Teachers’ Benefits from LMS
Test the learning of Students quickly through Objective type
questions;
Student can be in touch with the teacher during any part of
the day
Facilitates teacher to continuously monitor student’s
progress
Time spent in studies
Pace of learning
Ability to translate the learning into practical applications

45. Social Media, Software & Networking

47. Web 2.0
Facilitates Networking
Provides Authentic Learning Experiences
Encourages Global Awareness
Creativity
Innovation
Critical Thinking
Collaboration
Fosters Communication

48. 10 Internet Technologies Educators
Should be Informed About
Internet technologies that have earned their rightful place
Video and Podcasting Resources – Lectures, How-to Videos
YouTube, TeacherTube, EduTube, SchoolTube …
Digital Presentation Tools
Support classroom teaching as well as for distance modes
Provide engaging ways in creating and delivering assignments/ reports
etc.
Collaboration and Brainstorming Tools
Thought organizing tools – “Mindmap”, Bubbl.us …
Collaborative Tools – Wikis, Virtual worlds …

49. 10 Internet Technologies for Educators…
Blogs & Blogging
Blogosphere
Blogger, Wordpress …
Social Networking Tools
Lecture Capture
Student Response Systems & Poll / Survey tools
Educational Gaming – Gamification of education
Open Educational Resources (OER)
Educational Materials, Content and Tools
E-Readers, Tablets …
Kindle, Nook, Pi, Wink, iPad, Akash …

50. Teaching, learning, and research
resources that reside in the public
domain or have been released
under an intellectual property
license that permits their free use
or re-purposing by others
Include:
Full courses, Course materials,
Modules, Textbooks, Streaming
Videos, Tests, Software, and any
other tools, materials, or techniques
used to support access to knowledge

51. E-Readers and Tablets

52. E-Readers and Tablets

53. KloudpaD Tablets – Rs. 9999/-
www.slatestore.in

54. Akash Tablets – Rs. 2999/- or 98/Month
www.ubislate.com

55. www.onlinecollegeclasses.com

56. www.schooltube.com

57. www.edutube.org

58. Digital Presentation Tools / Sites
www.slideshare.net

60. Bill Gates on Education
Predicts the (end?) of universities with eLearning on the
rise
“Five years from now on the web for free you’ll be able to
find the best lectures in the world”
“It will be better than any single university”
“Educational institutions are still vital for children, K-12”
“It’s just too expensive and too hard to get these upper-
level educations”
“And soon place-based college educations will be five times
less important than they are today”
College needs to be less “place-based”

78. Technologies to Watch
• Six key technologies to watch and maps them along
three adoption horizons, indicating the likely time frame
for uptake in the mainstream use for teaching and
learning
• e-Books continue to generate strong interest in the
consumer sector and are increasingly available on
campuses as well
• Mobiles enable ubiquitous access to information, social
networks, tools for learning and productivity and much
more. Mobiles are capable computing devices in their
own right — and they are increasingly a user’s first
choice for internet access

79. Technologies to Watch…
• Augmented Reality brings a significant potential to
supplement information delivered via computers, mobile
devices, video, and even the printed book
• Game-based Learning has grown in recent years as
research continues to demonstrate its effectiveness for
learning for students of all ages
• Gesture-based computing moves the control of
computers from a mouse and keyboard to the motions of
the body via new input devices
• Learning analytics loosely joins a variety of data-
gathering tools and analytic techniques to study student
engagement, performance, and progress in practice,
with the goal of using what is learned to revise curricula,
teaching, and assessment in real time

81. I read, I forget
I discuss, I remember
I do, I inculcate

82. “We are guilty of many errors and many faults, but
our worst crime is abandoning the children,
neglecting the foundation of life
Many of the things we need, can wait
The children cannot
Right now is the time his bones are being formed, his
blood is being made and his senses are being
developed to him we cannot answer “Tomorrow”
His name is “Today”
Gabriela Mistral, 1948

83. Conclusion
Digital literacy enables educators to contribute to
enhancing learners' potential for participation in
digital media
Enhances young people's ability to use digital media
in ways that strengthen their skills, knowledge and
understanding as learners
Heighten their capacities for social, cultural, civic and
economic participation in everyday life

84. It is not the strongest of the species that survives,
nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one
that is the most adaptable one to change
- Charles Darwin

85. The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who
cannot read and write, but those who cannot
learn, unlearn and relearn
- Alvin Toffler, in Rethinking the Future