10. Iranians have maintained some of their pre-Islamic traditions and adapted them with Islamic codes. Finally these two customs and traditions merged and an " Islamic Iranin " identity as a new identity has emerged Two centuries of silence Iran was indeed Islamized , but it was not Arabized . Persians remained Persians. And after an interval of silence, Iran reemerged as a separate, different and distinctive element within Islam
14. Science 780 – 850 AD Algorithm Algebra 865 - 925 AD discovery of alcohol 980 - 1037 AD The Book of Healing The Canon of Medicine al-Khwarizmi Avicenna Al-Razi
15. Philosophy … poetry, … Omar Khayyam 1048 – 1131 AD Neo-Platonist, musician Al-Farabi 870 – 950 AD Mathematician Astronomer-Poet And if the Wine you drink, the Lip you press, End in the Nothing all Things end in — Yes — Then fancy while Thou art, Thou art but what Thou shalt be — Nothing — Thou shalt not be less. (Fitzgerald's translation)
17. 800-900 AD The Book of One Thousand and One Nights 1000 AD Shahname (The Book of Kings )
18. Literature Love Poetry … Sufism Jalal ad-Din Rumi 1207 – 1273 AD 1310 - 1337 AD Hafez Manteq al-Tayr (Conference of the Birds) 1142 – 1220 AD Attar romantic epic poet 1141–1209 AD Nezami
20. A large number of people, particularly males, were killed; between 1220 and 1258, the population of Iran dropped drastically. The Ilkhan dynasty, lasting from 1251 to 1335 The harsh rule of the Mongols caused an economic decline throughout the 13 th century.
21. Safavid Empire (1502-1736) The birth of Modern Iran Founding the modern nation-state of Iran. Even though Safavids were not the first Shia rulers in Iran, they played a crucial role in making Shia Islam the official religion in the whole of Iran.
22. The cultural growth was accompanied by considerable development in all forms of art.
23. In the Safavid era the Persian Architecture flourished again and saw many new monuments, such as Naghsh-i Jahan Square , the biggest historic square in the world.
{{The Islamic conquest of Persia (637-651) led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia}} The Islamic conquest of Persia, led to the end of Persian Empire, which was the biggest Empire at the time. The fall of Sassanids and its replacement by Islamic Empire, was a turning point for Iranians, from different aspects; as the new dynasty was very much culturally different. Of major elements of cultural identity could be religion and language that Iranians, following the Islamic conquest had to adapt to Islam instead of Zoroastrian religion and Arabic instead of Persian which was imposed by Arabs as the primary language of the subject peoples throughout their empire and ordered to be the official language.