2. is a philosophical concept built on the ideals
of freedom, justice, equality, equity, and
human dignity as acknowledged in various
documents, such as the U.S. Declaration of
Independence, constitutions of South Africa
and the United States, and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the
United Nations.
- National Association
for Multicultural Education

3. Antiracist
education
Basic
education
Critical
pedagogy
MULTICULTURAL
EDUCATION
A process
Education
for social
justice
pervasive
Important
to all
students

4. •It affirms our need to prepare student for their
responsibilities in an interdependent world.
•It recognizes the role schools can play in developing
the attitudes and values necessary for a democratic
society.
•It values cultural differences and affirms the pluralism
that students, their communities, and teachers reflect.
• It challenges all forms of discrimination in schools and
society through the promotion of democratic principles
of social justice.

5. •Multicultural education is a process that permeates
all aspects of school practices, policies and
organization as a means to ensure the highest levels of
academic achievement for all students.
• It helps students develop a positive self-concept by
providing knowledge about the histories, cultures, and
contributions of diverse groups.
• It prepares all students to work actively toward
structural equality in organizations and institutions by
providing the knowledge, dispositions, and skills for
the redistribution of power and income among diverse
groups.

6. •Thus, school curriculum must directly address issues
of racism, sexism, classism, linguicism, ablism, ageism,
heterosexism, religious intolerance, and xenophobia.
•Multicultural education advocates the belief that
students and their life histories and experiences should
be placed at the center of the teaching and learning
process and that pedagogy should occur in a context
that is familiar to students and that addresses multiple
ways of thinking.
• In addition, teachers and students must critically
analyze oppression and power relations in their
communities, society and the world.

7. •Multicultural education demands a school staff that is
culturally competent, and to the greatest extent
possible racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse.
• Staff must be multiculturally literate and capable of
including and embracing families and communities to
create an environment that is supportive of multiple
perspectives, experiences, and democracy.
•Multicultural education requires comprehensive
school reform as multicultural education must pervade
all aspects of the school community and organization.

9. •Cultural lag refers to the fact
that culture takes time to
catch up with technological
innovations, resulting in
social problems.

10. W.F. Ogburn - an American sociologist
who introduced the concept of
‘Cultural Lag’ in his book “Social
Change: which was published in
the year 1920.
•The word ‘lag’ connotes crippled
movement

11. According to Ogburn there are
two aspects of culture.
1. Material Culture:
It includes those elements or
things which are tangible, visible
and touchable like goods, tools,
machines and furnitures etc.

12. 2. Non-material Culture:
It includes those elements which
are neither tangible nor touchable
rather these are experienced by men
like
customs, values, ideologies, religion
and behavior pattern etc.

13. EXAMPLES:
The development in the field of
industry requires a corresponding
change in the system of education.
The failure of education to meet the
needs of modern industrial
development leads to cultural lag.

14. EXAMPLES:
As example of cultural lag is human
embryonic stem cells.
We have the necessary technology to
turn stem cells into neurons but have
not yet developed ethical guidelines
and cultural consensus on this
practice.

15. EXAMPLES:
When cars were first invented, there
were not yet any laws to govern
driving: no speed limits, no guidelines
for who had the right of way at
intersections, no lane markers, no
stop signs, and so on. As you can
imagine, the result was chaos.

16. EXAMPLES:
One example that comes to mind is
flying cars. The first was actually
built in 1937 Developed by Waldo
Waterman in 1937, the Arrowbile .
Obviously, we can easily build cars
that fly. But, we don't.

17. Cultural lag is seen as a
critical ethical issue
because failure to develop
broad social consensus on
appropriate applications of
modern technology may lead
to breakdowns in social
solidarity and the rise of social
conflict(Marshall, 1999).

18. References:
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.nameorg.org/resolutions/definition.html
http://www.academia.edu/3491954/Dealing_with_Cultural_Lag
https://sites.google.com/site/etec511/the-cultural-lag-theory
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/society/social-changecharacteristics-and-factors-5285-words/6169/
http://www.everydaysociologyblog.com/2012/01/technology-andcultural-lag.html