Key Innovations1
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Chronological Innovations from steven johnson's Where Good Ideas Come From.
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Key Innovations1
- 1. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) Where Good Ideas Come From Steven Johnson Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010 “…we are often better served by connecting ideas than we are by protecting them.”
- 2. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1350 – 1535 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1350 Double-entry accounting Luca Pacioli - 1494 1440 Printing press Johannes Gutenberg 1451 Concave Lens Nicholas of Cusa 1483 Parachute Louis-Sebastien Lenormand (da Vinci) 1492 Terrestrial Globe Martin Behaim 1497 Ball Bearings Philip Vaughan (da Vinci) 1500 Portable Watches Peter Henlein 1514 Heliocentricity Nicolaus Copernicus 1525 Square Root and + and – Symbols Christolph Rudolff 1530 Cubic Equations & Complex Numbers Niccolo Tartaglia 1535 Pulmonary Respiration Michael Servetus 8/30/2013 2jgillis767@aol.com
- 3. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1540 – 1605 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1540 Ether Valerius Cordus 1551 Steam Turbine Taqi al-Din 1560 Pencil Cumbria/England (+200 yrs/eraser) 1569 Mercator Map Projection Gerard Mercator (plumb lines) 1572 Supernovas and Comets Tycho Brahe 1589 Stocking Frame William Lee 1590 Compound Microscope Zacharias Jannsen 1596 Flush Toilet Sir John Harrington 1600 Planetary Magnetism William Gilbert 1600 Telescope Netherlands (1609 Galileo) 1605 Elliptical Orbits Johannes Kepler (and Tycho Brahe) 8/30/2013 3jgillis767@aol.com
- 4. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1610 – 1643 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1610 Jupiter’s Moons Galileo Galilei 1610 Flintlock Marin le Bourgeoys 1610 Sunspots Galileo Galilei 1614 Logarithms John Napier 1628 Blood Circulation William Harvey 1631 Vernier Scale Pierre Vernier 1632 Ocean Tides Johannes Kepler 1632 Slide Rule William Oughtred 1634 Law of Falling Bodies Galileo Galilei 1637 Analytic Geometry Rene Descartes 1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 8/30/2013 4jgillis767@aol.com
- 5. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1645 – 1684 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1645 Mechanical Calculator Blaise Pascal 1654 Vacuum Pump Otto von Guericke 1656 Pendulum Clock Christiaan Huygens 1660 Balance Spring Watches Robert Hooke and Christiaan Huygens 1662 Boyle’s Law Robert Boyle 1665 Light Spectrum Sir Isaac Newton 1680 Microorganisms Antoine Philips van Leeuwenhoek 1676 Speed of Light Olaus Roemer 1676 Hooke’s Law Robert Hooke 1679 Pressure Cooker Denis Papin 1684 Calculus Isaac Newton 8/30/2013 5jgillis767@aol.com
- 6. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1686 – 1750 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1686 Law of Universal Gravitation Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke 1687 3 Laws of Motion & Orbits of Comets Isaac Newton, Edmund Halley 1700 Piano Bartolomeo Christofori 1711 Tuning Fork John Shore 1712 Steam Engine Thomas Newcomen 1714 Mercury Thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 1730 Octant (Sailing) Thomas Godfrey, John Hadley 1733 Flying Shuttle (Weaving) John Kay 1735 Linnean Taxonomy Carl Linnaeus 1735 Chronometer (Sailing) Thomas Harrison 1750 Lightning Rod Ben Franklin 8/30/2013 6jgillis767@aol.com
- 7. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1764 – 1793 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1764 Spinning Jenny (Weaving) James Hargreaves, Thomas Highs 1767 Carbonated Water Joseph Priestley 1770 Photosynthesis J. Ingenhousz, J. Priestley, J. Senebier 1772 Plant Respiration Joseph Priestley, Ben Franklin 1772 Oxygen Carl Wilhelm Scheele, A. Lavoisier 1780 Bifocals Ben Franklin 1780 Steamboat John Fitch, Robert Fulton, J. Rumsey 1783 Manned Hot Air Balloon Joseph-Michel & Jacques Montgolfier 1785 Milky Way William & Caroline (sister) Herschel 1785 Power Loom Edmund Cartwright 1793 Cotton Gin Eli Whitney 8/30/2013 7jgillis767@aol.com
- 8. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1796 – 1817 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1796 Smallpox Vaccine Edward Jenner 1796 Lithography Alois Senefelder 1800 Electric Battery Alessandro Volta 1800 Atomic Theory John Dalton 1800 Molecules Joseph Proust, J. Dalton, Avogadro 1800 Suspension Bridge James Finley 1805 Steam Locomotive Richard Trevithick 1805 Punch Cards (Programming) Joseph Marie Jacquard 1814 Spectroscope (Light) Joseph von Fraunhofer 1816 Stethoscope René Laennec 1817 Bicycle Kael von Drais 8/30/2013 8jgillis767@aol.com
- 9. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1821 – 1839 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1821 Braille Louis Braille, Charles Barbier 1821 Electric Motor Michael Faraday 1824 Second Law of Thermodynamics Sadi Carnot, Rudolf Clausius 1830 Geological Uniformitarianism Charles Lyell, William Whewell 1831 Chloroform E. Soubeiran, S. Guthrie, J. von Liebig 1834 Refrigerator Jacob Perkins 1836 Revolver Samuel Colt 1837 Programmable Computer Charles Babbage 1838 Telegraph Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail 1839 Photography Louis Daguerre, Joseph N. Niépce 1839 Vulcanized Rubber Charles Goodyear 8/30/2013 9jgillis767@aol.com
- 10. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1845 – 1861 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1845 Sewing Machine Elias Howe, Isaac Singer 1846 Nitroglycerine Ascanio Sobrero 1848 Absolute Zero (273.15o C.) Lord Kelvin 1850 Pig Iron/Steelmaking Henry Bessemer 1853 Elevator Elisha Otis 1897 Aspirin Charles Gerhardt 1856 Bunsen Burner Robert Bunsen 1858 Mason Jar John L. Mason 1859 Lead-Acid Battery Gaston Plante 1859 Natural Selection Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace 1861 Gatling Gun Richard Gatling 8/30/2013 10jgillis767@aol.com
- 11. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1861 – 1879 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1861 Vacuum Cleaner Ives W. McGaffey 1862 Plastic Alexander Parkes 1862 Germ Theory Louis Pasteur 1863 Dynamite Alfred Nobel 1864 Periodic Table Dmitri Medeleev, John Newlands 1865 Benzene Structure Joseph Loschmidt, August Kekule 1865 Heredity Gregor Mendel, Thomas H. Morgan 1868 Typewriter Christopher Latham Sholes 1876 Telephone Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray 1878 Enzymes Wilhelm Kühne, E. Buchner, L. Pasteur 1879 Light bulb Thomas Alva Edison 8/30/2013 11jgillis767@aol.com
- 12. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1879 – 1888 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1879 Cell Division Walther Flemming 1880 Seismograph John Milne 1881 Infant Incubators Jean-Louis-Paul Denucé 1885 Welding Machine Nikolai Bernardos, Stanislav Olszewski 1885 Motorcycle Gottlieb Daimler 1885 Automobile Karl Benz, G. Daimler, W. Maybach 1885 Induction Motor (electromagnetic) Galileo Ferraris, Nikola Tesla 1885 Calculator William Seward Burroughs 1887 Contact Lenses F. A. Muller, A. E. Fick 1887 EKG Augustus Waller 1888 Motion Picture Camera Thomas Edison, Eadweard Muybridge 8/30/2013 12jgillis767@aol.com
- 13. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1890 – 1905 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1890 Mitochondria Richard Altmann 1891 Tesla Coil (transformer) Nikola Tesla 1896 Radio G.Marconi, K.Braun, N.Tesla, H.Hertz 1896 Radioactivity Wilhelm Roentgen, M. & P. Curie 1897 Electron J. J. Thomson, J. Townsend, H. Wilson 1901 Blood Types Karl Landsteiner 1902 Air Conditioning Willis Haviland Carrier 1902 Stratosphere Richard Assmann, Léon T. de Bort 1903 Engine-Powered Airplane W. & O. Wright, Otto Lilienthal 1905 Vitamins William Fletcher 1905 Hormones Ernest Henry Starling, W. M. Baylis 8/30/2013 13jgillis767@aol.com
- 14. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1905 – 1913 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1905 Mass-Energy Equivalence (E=mc2) Albert Einstein 1905 Special Relativity Albert Einstein 1906 Earth’s Core (liquidity) Richard Oldham 1906 Neurotransmitters Santiago Ramón y Cajal, C. Golgi 1908 Washing Machine Alva John Fisher 1910 Genes on Chromosomes Thomas Hunt Morgan 1911 Superconductivity (super cooling) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1913 Cosmic Rays Werner Kolhörster, V. Hess, T. Wulf 1913 Electrons in Chemical Bonding Niels Bohr 1915 Continental Drift Alfred Wegener 1913 Moving Assembly Line Henry Ford 8/30/2013 14jgillis767@aol.com
- 15. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1915 – 1935 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1915 Theory of General Relativity Albert Einstein 1920 Helicopter Raúl Pateras Pescara 1925 Quantum Mechanics Heisenberg, Einstein, Bohr, Planck 1926 Liquid Engine Rocket Robert H. Goddard 1927 Uncertainty Principle Werner Heisenberg 1927 Television Philo Farnsworth 1928 Penicillin Alexander Fleming 1929 Expansion of the Universe Edwin Hubble 1930 Jet Engine Hans von Ohain, Frank Whittle 1932 Neutron James Chadwick 1935 Radar Robert Watson-Watt 8/30/2013 15jgillis767@aol.com
- 16. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1935 – 1950 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1935 Tape Recorder Semi Joseph Begun 1937 Nylon Wallace Carothers 1935 Ecosystem Arthur Tansley 1937 Krebs Cycle (cell respiratory) Hans Krebs 1938 Atomic Reactor Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard 1944 Computer Konrad Zuse 1944 DNA Genetics Avery-MacLeod-McCarthy 1946 Microwave Oven Percy Spencer 1947 Transistor Bill Shockley, W. Brattain, J. Bardeen 1949 Radiocarbon Dating Willard Libby 1950 Artificial Pacemaker John Hopps 8/30/2013 16jgillis767@aol.com
- 17. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1951 – 1968 Year Key Innovations Innovator 1951 Oral Contraceptive John Rock, Carl Djerassi 1953 Early Life Simulated (amino acids) Stanley Miller, Harold Urey 1953 Double Helix (DNA) James D. Watson, Francis Crick 1956 VCR Charles Paulson Ginsburg 1958 Laser Arthur Schawlow, Charles H. Townes 1958 GPS Ivan Getting (Guier & Weiffenbach) 1965 Cosmic Microwave Radiation (B-Bang) Arno Penzias, Robert W. Wilson 1967 Pulsars (neutron stars) Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Antony Hewish 1967 RNA Genetics Carl Woese 1968 Restriction Enzymes (Recom DNA) H. O. Smith, K. W. Wilcox, T. J. Kelly 1968 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Douglas Engelbart, Ivan Sutherland 8/30/2013 17jgillis767@aol.com
- 18. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1970 – 1988 8/30/2013 18jgillis767@aol.com Year Key Innovations Innovator 1970 Internet Vinton Cerf, DARPA 1971 CT Scan Godfrey Hounsfield 1974 MRI Raymond Damadian 1975 Endorphins John Hughes, Hans Kosterlitz 1976 Personal Computer (Apple I) Steve Wosniak, Steve Jobs 1976 Oncogenes (cancer) J. Michael Bishop, Harold Varmus 1977 RNA Splicing Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp 1977 Archaea (archaebacteria) Carl Woese 1980 Asteroid Extinction (dinosaurs) Luis & Walter (son) Alvarez 1984 DNA Forensics (fingerprints) Alec Jeffreys 1988 Universe Accelerating (expansion) Adam Riess, Brian Schmidt Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
- 19. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 1989 8/30/2013 19jgillis767@aol.com Year Key Innovations Innovator 1989 World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
- 20. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 8/30/2013 jgillis767@aol.com 20 Veritas
- 21. Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010) 8/30/2013 jgillis767@aol.com 21 Thank You