presentation assignment

1. By Mike Orser & Ryan McGee

2. "an interdisciplinary field that applies the
principles of engineering and life
sciences toward the development of
biological substitutes that restore,
maintain, or improve tissue function or a
whole organ"

3. 1. What are Scaffolds?
2. Some different scaffold design techniques
A ) Nanofibre Self-Assembly
B ) Gas Foaming
C ) CAD/CAM technologies
D ) Electro spinning
3. Multimedia - Organ Printing Demonstrations
4. Future of this technology
5. Drawbacks
6. Conclusion

4. What are Scaffolds?
Scaffolds are structures that are manufactured for the sole purpose of allowing cells to grow.
Key Elements of Scaffolds and cell development-
• Structures that are able to support 3-D cell structures
• Allow for cell attachment, migration and growth
• Enable diffusion of cell nutrients
• Allow the manipulation of cells to form as correctly shaped tissue
Scaffold

5. Nanofibre Self-Assembly
Below is a nanofibre structure in
Or molecular self- assembly is one of which cells will be introduced to
the few methods of creating grow as a complete organ or
biomaterials. bone structure.
This method requires hydro gel scaffolds that
cells use to assemble and grow them self as 3-D
tissue structures
Can be used in the healing process as these
nanofibres promote the growth and
attachment of nerve fibers
 Nano fibers break down into nutrients after 2-
3 weeks but their purpose of making cell
growth possible allow for complete cell
structures at this time.

6. Gas Foaming
This technique allows
for a medium to be
created in which cells
can be introduced to
grow.
Although not as porous
as the Nano fibre
structure it is cheaper to
create and does assist
in growing strong cell
structures.

7. CAD/CAM technologies
Cad/cam technologies can
be used to create a more
complex scaffold structure.
Scaffold design and printing
with a computer allow cells
to grow and match that of
the real organ or bones’
internal structure.
• More realistic organ
properties
• Smaller more precise
porous structure
• Larger cell attachment
surface area

8. ElectroSpinning
This technique of making
scaffolds allows for a more
precise finely woven
structure. High voltage is
used to create such a
densely woven structure
for cells to attach…
• Allows for more
consistent cell growth
• Faster reproduction
• More complex cell
structures with nerves

9.  In the future, this technology will continue to
advance. More and more complex organs
will be able to be created.
 Eventually whole body parts and perhaps
whole bodies me be possible to create with
this technology.

12.  With this technology always advancing, ethical
issues may created in the future. One example is
if a whole body can be created for transplant,
can it not be considered a person?
 Also cost is a factor. This technology is very new
and expensive therefore cost must decrease to
allow this technology to be viable in a
widespread invirnment.

13. With the further research and engineering, the
manufacturing of body parts is becoming
more and more a possibility. From this the
possibility of increasing life longevity will
become more apparent as we engineer new
ways to replace organs that are failing.

14. Image Sources:
 HIA. (Artist). (2010). Tissue engineering. [Web Photo]. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tissue_engineering_english.jpg

 HIA. (Photographer). (2010). Gefäßprothese. [Web Photo]. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gef%C3%A4%C3%9Fprothese.JPG
 Nilsen , K. (Photographer). (2012). Scanning electron microscope picture of nanofibrous electrospun
membrane using pvc and peo polymers 2. [Web Photo]. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scanning_Electron_Microscope_Picture_of_Nanofibrous_Electr
ospun_Membrane_Using_PVC_and_PEO_Polymers_2.png
 HIA. ( Animater) (2010). Tissue Engineering. [Web Photo ]. Retrieved from
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering
Researched Content Sources:
 BBC. (2012) Printing a human kidney. [Web Article]. Retrieved from
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120621-printing-a-human-kidney
 Drury J. L.; Mooney D. J. Biomaterials 2003, 24, 4 ed. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961203003405
 Ma, P . (May 2004). "Scaffolds for tissue fabrication". Materials Today: 30–40.
 Mikos AG, Temenoff JS (2000). "Formation of highly porous biodegradable scaffolds for tissue
engineering" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 3: 114–9. Retrieved from
http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/ejb/v3n2/art03.pdf.