World leading Finnish technology: history and future outlook- Kari Heiskanen, Aalto University
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World leading Finnish technology: history and future outlook Kari Heiskanen, Prof in Minerals and Recycling Engineering, Aalto University Mining On Top: Helsinki 16-17 September 2013 | Helsinki
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World leading Finnish technology: history and future outlook- Kari Heiskanen, Aalto University
- 1. “World leading Finnish technology: history and future outlook” Kari Heiskanen D.Sc., professor Aalto University
- 2. Content • Some theses to start with • A few worlds of history • Discussion of processing paradigm • Discussion of operations paradigm
- 3. Some theses to start with • Paradigm levels –Operations, production • Paradigm development – Effects on technology offerings • Paradigm orchestration – Technology breakthroughs
- 4. Operations paradigm • Compartmentalisation – Mining as a technical exercise • Emphasis on production development – Mining as an economical exercise • Mining as an techno-economical exercise – Life time costs – Services – Complete technical solutions
- 5. A few words of history • Roots of the existing technology level are – During compartmentalized operations paradigm – Engineering and maintenance arms of operating companies • Individual inventors within these organisations • Focused on engineering and local needs.
- 6. A few words of history • The history has taken us to consider more solving the processing issues – Better, bigger and more efficient machines
- 7. Weighted average percentage head grades of copper mines, 1970 onwards. Crowson P., Some observations on copper yields and ore grades, Resources Policy Volume 37, Issue 1 2012 59 – 72
- 8. Processing paradigms • Scale effects • CAPEX / OPEX
- 9. Processing paradigm solutions Courtesy Sandvik Courtesy IMA engineering
- 10. Processing paradigm solutions • Mill sizes grown to +28MW of power • A single line with SAG/BM can treat +130 000 mtpd Courtesy Metso
- 11. Processing paradigm solutions Courtesy Metso
- 12. Processing paradigm solutions Courtesy Outotec
- 13. Processing paradigm solutions Courtesy Outotec
- 14. Processing paradigm solutions Courtesy Outotec
- 15. Question ? • Do we have enough of resources to maintain our competitive edge?
- 16. Some facts to the question 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Volume(m3) OK / TankCell® Dorr-Oliver has license for OK cells Bateman has license for OK cells BGRIMM 2002 2007 1997 1994 19911986 1980 1972 1989 2002 2006 2005 1992 2008 2009 FLSmidth 2005 Courtesy Outotec FLSmidthOK / TankCell® BGRIMM
- 17. Future for processing ? • Processing paradigm shifts • Asking stupid questions • Not taking anything granted
- 18. New processing paradigm solutions Courtesy Metso
- 19. Changes • Changing conceptions of Nature • Social Media • Position of raw materials in the value chains – Perceptions • Society averse to risks
- 20. Big issues to be tackled by changing the operations paradigm • Energy, • Waste and other emissions, • Water, – use and waste water release • Workforce, • Local societal fabric.
- 21. Operations paradigm • Compartmentalisation • Mining as an techno-economical exercise • Systemic exercise –Environmental and social issues affect strongly and form major constraints when optimising the operations
- 22. Systemic paradigm • Energy – New ideas on comminution • Will the SAG become obsolete in 10 years? • Tailings – Tailings treatment • Water – Real closed water circulation (indoors) • No wet tailing ponds
- 23. Conclusions Paradigm shift will happen Do we want to lead or follow?