2. Look carefully at your money

3. Money vocabulary
• Liquidity
• Demand deposits
• balances in bank accounts
that depositors can access on
demand by writing a check.
• Central Bank
• Controlling bank of each
country, controls monetary
policy

4. Types of
money
supply

7. The velocity of money
(also called velocity of circulation) is the average frequency with which
a unit of money is spent in a specific period of time.

8. Without banks
• You would have to pay cash for the
following items:
• College ($1500-3000/year)
• New Cars $9000-35,000
• Small Business Loans ($10,000+)
• Houses ($140,000-300,000)
• Time would be spent counting and
guarding your cash.
• Time saving + safety

9. What if the bank goes out of business?
• $250,000 per US account

10. How does the US banking system work?

11. Does the bank have to keep all the money
you deposit on hand?
NO, fractional
reserve system

12. What is a Credit Union then?
• Smaller, regional, non-profit, theme based,
lower rates

13. Who regulates the banks?
• “The
Fed”
• 1913

14. How does “the Fed” work?

15. Why is the Chairman of the Fed sometimes
thought of as the “second most powerful man
in the US”?
• Monetary change::
increases the reserve
rate
• Effect:
• Monetary change:
lowers reserve rate
• Effect:

16. The Federal Reserve
System
•
The Structure of the Federal Reserve
System:
 The
primary elements in the Federal Reserve
System are:
1) The Board of Governors
2) The Regional Federal Reserve Banks
3) The Federal Open Market Committee

17. The Fed’s Organization
• The Fed is run by a Board of Governors, which has
seven members appointed by the President and
confirmed by the Senate.
• Among the seven members, the most important is
the chairman. The chairman directs the Fed staff,
presides over board meetings, and testifies about
Fed policy in front of Congressional Committees.

18. The Fed’s Organization
•
The Board of Governors
 Seven
members
 Appointed by the President
 Confirmed by the Senate
 Serve staggered 14-year terms so that one comes
vacant every two years.
 President appoints a member as chairman to serve
a four-year term.

19. Who controls “the Fed”?

20. The Fed’s Organization
•
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is
made up of the following voting members:
The
chairman and the other six members of the
Board of Governors.
The president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New
York.
The presidents of the other regional Federal Reserve
banks (four vote on a yearly rotating basis).

21. The Fed’s Organization
The Federal Reserve Banks
12 District banks
Nine directors
Three
appointed by the Board of Governors.
Six are elected by the commercial banks in the
district.
The directors appoint the district president
which is approved by the Board of Governors.

22. The Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve Banks
The New York Fed implements
some of the Fed’s most important
policy decisions.

23. The Fed’s
Organization
•
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
Serves
as the main policy-making organ of the
Federal Reserve System.
Meets approximately every six weeks to review
the economy.

24. What does “the Fed” do?
Controls
Money
supply
Supplies
Money
Clears
Checks
THE FED
Sets
Reserve
Requirements
Gov’t
Accounting
Supervise
Banks

25. The Fed’s Organization
Monetary policy is conducted by
the Federal Open Market
Committee.

26. Open-Market Operations
•
•
The money supply is the quantity of
money available in the economy.
The primary way in which the Fed changes
the money supply is through open-market
operations.
 The
Fed purchases and sells U.S. government
bonds.
 DO AN EXAMPLE
 Contractionary vs. expansionary

27. Fed’s Tools
• Open market operations
• Reserve Rate
• Discount Rate
• Lender of last resort

28. Open-Market
Operations
•
•
To increase the money supply, the Fed
buys government bonds from the
public.
To decrease the money supply, the Fed
sells government bonds to the public.

29. Changing the Discount
Rate
•
The discount rate is the interest rate the
Fed charges banks for loans.
Increasing
the discount rate decreases the money
supply.
Decreasing the discount rate increases the money
supply.