SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  9
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Text




European Leveraged Finance Market Update
              March, 2013
        Sucheet Gupte - Director
European Market Trends
Text




       • Loan issuance was €3.03B in February 2013;
         high yield issuance was €7.4B .

       • Estimated outflows out of European HY funds was €220M for
         the four weeks ending February 28th.


       • Secondary markets were up:
         loan markets went up 5 bps to finish the month at 99.47;
         high yield markets were up 19 bps to finish the month at 102.3.


       • The S&P European Leveraged Loan Index (ELLI) finished the month up 0.4%.


       • Default rates were mixed -- default rates by principal amount rose;
         default rate by issuer count fell.
European Loan Flow Name Prices
    100


     99
                                                      Text
     97


      96


      94


          93


          91

               2/11 4/11 6/11 8/11 10/11 12/11 2/12 4/12 6/12 8/12 10/12 12/12   2/13
.         Source: LCD - Leveraged Commentary & Data
European HY Bond Flow Name Prices

    106


    102

                                              Text
     98


      94


      89


          85


          81

               2/11 4/11 6/11 8/11 10/11 12/11 2/12 4/12 6/12 8/12 10/12 12/12   2/13
.     Source: Bloomberg
ELLI Multi-Currency Loan Return
    2.5%
                                          February 2013:   + 0.40%
                          Text            January 2013:    + 1.18%
                                          Jan-Feb 2013:    + 1.59%
                                          Jan-Feb 2012:    + 3.34%
    1.9%




    1.2%




    0.6%




    -0.1%
        12/11 1/12 2/12 3/12 4/12 5/12 6/12 7/12 8/12 9/12 10/1211/1212/12 1/13 2/13

.     Source: S&P European Leveraged Loan Index
Volume: New-issue Loans vs. HY Bonds
            15
                                                         HY bonds
                                     Text                Loans

            11
€billions




             8
                                                                                                 €7.4B



             4


                                                                                                 €3.03B
             0
             11/1112/11 1/12 2/12 3/12 4/12 5/12 6/12 7/12 8/12 9/12 10/1211/1212/12 1/13 2/13

 .           Source: LCD - Leveraged Commentary & Data
ELLI Default Rates – European Leveraged Loans
                 Default Rate by Principal Amount                        Default Rate by Issuer Count


    16%                                                         16%


    13%                                                        13%


    10%                                                        10%



    6%                                                       Text
                                                                6%



    3%                                                         3%



    0%                                                         0%
      2/09        2/10        2/11       12/11        2/13       2/09   2/10      12/11        2/12     2/13

.         Source: LCD - Leveraged Commentary & Data
Themes to watch for
Text




   • Repricings are back on table, as issuers take advantage of strong demand. February’s
         tally was the highest number of purely European repricings in any month on record.


   • Along with repricings, some sponsors are tabling dividend recap deals to take
        advantage of investor demand.

       • Still strong demand for high yield bonds.


       • Bond for loan-take-outs will continue to keep pace as issuers address their maturity
          concerns.

       • Cairn priced its €300.5M CLO, the first new arbitrage CLO in Europe since
          the crisis. There are signs about pricing new CLOs.


       • There is renewed optimism about M&A.
Text
          Copyright 2013 Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
No content (including ratings, credit-related analyses and data, model, software or other application or output therefrom) or any
                      Text
part thereof (Content) may be modified, reverse engineered, reproduced or distributed in any form by any means, or stored in a
database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of S&P. The Content shall not be used for any unlawful or
unauthorized purposes. S&P, its affiliates, and any third party providers, as well as their directors, officers, shareholders, employees
or agents (collectively S&P Parties) do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or availability of the Content. S&P
Parties are not responsible for any errors or omissions, regardless of the cause, for the results obtained from the use of the
Content, or for the security or maintenance of any data input by the user. The Content is provided on an "as is" basis. S&P
PARTIES DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, FREEDOM FROM BUGS,
SOFTWARE ERRORS OR DEFECTS, THAT THE CONTENT’S FUNCTIONING WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR THAT THE
CONTENT WILL OPERATE WITH ANY SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE CONFIGURATION. In no event shall S&P Parties be
liable to any party for any direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs,
expenses, legal fees, or losses (including, without limitation, lost income or lost profits and opportunity costs) in connection with
any use of the Content even if advised of the possibility of such damages.

Credit-related analyses, including ratings, and statements in the Content are statements of opinion as of the date they are
expressed and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, hold, or sell any securities or to make any investment
decisions. S&P assumes no obligation to update the Content following publication in any form or format. The Content should not
be relied on and is not a substitute for the skill, judgment and experience of the user, its management, employees, advisors and/or
clients when making investment and other business decisions. S&P’s opinions and analyses do not address the suitability of any
security. S&P does not act as a fiduciary or an investment advisor. While S&P has obtained information from sources it believes to
be reliable, S&P does not perform an audit and undertakes no duty of due diligence or independent verification of any
information it receives.

S&P keeps certain activities of its business units separate from each other in order to preserve the independence and objectivity
of their respective activities. As a result, certain business units of S&P may have information that is not available to other S&P
business units. S&P has established policies and procedures to maintain the confidentiality of certain non-public information
received in connection with each analytical process.

S&P may receive compensation for its ratings and certain credit-related analyses, normally from issuers or underwriters of
                                                           pause
securities or from obligors. S&P reserves the right to disseminate its opinions and analyses. S&P's public ratings and analyses are
made available on its Web sites, www.standardandpoors.com (free of charge), and www.ratingsdirect.com and
www.globalcreditportal.com (subscription), and may be distributed through other means, including via S&P publications and third
party redistributors. Additional information about our ratings fees is available at www.standardandpoors.com/usratingsfees.

Contenu connexe

En vedette (14)

Лекция "Архитектура поиска Яндекса"
Лекция "Архитектура поиска Яндекса"Лекция "Архитектура поиска Яндекса"
Лекция "Архитектура поиска Яндекса"
 
Dolomitok(1)+ani (nx power lite)
Dolomitok(1)+ani (nx power lite)Dolomitok(1)+ani (nx power lite)
Dolomitok(1)+ani (nx power lite)
 
Example power point slides
Example power point slidesExample power point slides
Example power point slides
 
Physical constants
Physical constantsPhysical constants
Physical constants
 
How can this be
How can this beHow can this be
How can this be
 
Christmas in albacete (spain)
Christmas in albacete (spain)Christmas in albacete (spain)
Christmas in albacete (spain)
 
MarcAtricK N17 J7T34
MarcAtricK N17 J7T34MarcAtricK N17 J7T34
MarcAtricK N17 J7T34
 
Arany kezek(21)+ani (nx power lite)
Arany kezek(21)+ani (nx power lite)Arany kezek(21)+ani (nx power lite)
Arany kezek(21)+ani (nx power lite)
 
Modern art(2)+ani (nx power lite)
Modern art(2)+ani (nx power lite)Modern art(2)+ani (nx power lite)
Modern art(2)+ani (nx power lite)
 
Minden, ami szép(10)+ani (nx power lite)
Minden, ami szép(10)+ani (nx power lite)Minden, ami szép(10)+ani (nx power lite)
Minden, ami szép(10)+ani (nx power lite)
 
Gns3 0.5 Tutorial
Gns3 0.5 TutorialGns3 0.5 Tutorial
Gns3 0.5 Tutorial
 
7
77
7
 
實踐研討會
實踐研討會實踐研討會
實踐研討會
 
Presentation Coresalestablet
Presentation CoresalestabletPresentation Coresalestablet
Presentation Coresalestablet
 

Dernier

VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...
dipikadinghjn ( Why You Choose Us? ) Escorts
 
Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...
Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...
Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...
amitlee9823
 
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...
dipikadinghjn ( Why You Choose Us? ) Escorts
 
CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...
CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...
CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...
priyasharma62062
 
VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...
VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...
VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...
dipikadinghjn ( Why You Choose Us? ) Escorts
 
Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 
VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...
dipikadinghjn ( Why You Choose Us? ) Escorts
 
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...
dipikadinghjn ( Why You Choose Us? ) Escorts
 
From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...
From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...
From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...
From Luxury Escort : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangements Near yOU
 

Dernier (20)

(INDIRA) Call Girl Srinagar Call Now 8617697112 Srinagar Escorts 24x7
(INDIRA) Call Girl Srinagar Call Now 8617697112 Srinagar Escorts 24x7(INDIRA) Call Girl Srinagar Call Now 8617697112 Srinagar Escorts 24x7
(INDIRA) Call Girl Srinagar Call Now 8617697112 Srinagar Escorts 24x7
 
VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Andheri 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts...
 
Diva-Thane European Call Girls Number-9833754194-Diva Busty Professional Call...
Diva-Thane European Call Girls Number-9833754194-Diva Busty Professional Call...Diva-Thane European Call Girls Number-9833754194-Diva Busty Professional Call...
Diva-Thane European Call Girls Number-9833754194-Diva Busty Professional Call...
 
Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...
Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...
Call Girls Banaswadi Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Ban...
 
W.D. Gann Theory Complete Information.pdf
W.D. Gann Theory Complete Information.pdfW.D. Gann Theory Complete Information.pdf
W.D. Gann Theory Complete Information.pdf
 
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mumbai 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Escorts ...
 
CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...
CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...
CBD Belapur Expensive Housewife Call Girls Number-📞📞9833754194 No 1 Vipp HIgh...
 
(Vedika) Low Rate Call Girls in Pune Call Now 8250077686 Pune Escorts 24x7
(Vedika) Low Rate Call Girls in Pune Call Now 8250077686 Pune Escorts 24x7(Vedika) Low Rate Call Girls in Pune Call Now 8250077686 Pune Escorts 24x7
(Vedika) Low Rate Call Girls in Pune Call Now 8250077686 Pune Escorts 24x7
 
Call Girls Rajgurunagar Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Rajgurunagar Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Rajgurunagar Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Rajgurunagar Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
 
VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...
VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...
VIP Call Girl in Mumbai Central 💧 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Get A New Crush Ever...
 
Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in New Ashok Nagar, (delhi) call me [9953056974] escort service 24X7
 
VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Bandra West 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai Esc...
 
(INDIRA) Call Girl Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Mumbai Escorts 24x7
(INDIRA) Call Girl Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Mumbai Escorts 24x7(INDIRA) Call Girl Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Mumbai Escorts 24x7
(INDIRA) Call Girl Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Mumbai Escorts 24x7
 
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...
VIP Independent Call Girls in Mira Bhayandar 🌹 9920725232 ( Call Me ) Mumbai ...
 
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Talegaon Dabhade 6297143586 Call Hot ...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Talegaon Dabhade  6297143586 Call Hot ...Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Talegaon Dabhade  6297143586 Call Hot ...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Talegaon Dabhade 6297143586 Call Hot ...
 
Vasai-Virar High Profile Model Call Girls📞9833754194-Nalasopara Satisfy Call ...
Vasai-Virar High Profile Model Call Girls📞9833754194-Nalasopara Satisfy Call ...Vasai-Virar High Profile Model Call Girls📞9833754194-Nalasopara Satisfy Call ...
Vasai-Virar High Profile Model Call Girls📞9833754194-Nalasopara Satisfy Call ...
 
Webinar on E-Invoicing for Fintech Belgium
Webinar on E-Invoicing for Fintech BelgiumWebinar on E-Invoicing for Fintech Belgium
Webinar on E-Invoicing for Fintech Belgium
 
Stock Market Brief Deck (Under Pressure).pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck (Under Pressure).pdfStock Market Brief Deck (Under Pressure).pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck (Under Pressure).pdf
 
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Dighi ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Servi...
Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Dighi ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Servi...Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Dighi ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Servi...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Dighi ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Servi...
 
From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...
From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...
From Luxury Escort Service Kamathipura : 9352852248 Make on-demand Arrangemen...
 

March 2013, European Leveraged Loan Market Analysis

  • 1. Text European Leveraged Finance Market Update March, 2013 Sucheet Gupte - Director
  • 2. European Market Trends Text • Loan issuance was €3.03B in February 2013; high yield issuance was €7.4B . • Estimated outflows out of European HY funds was €220M for the four weeks ending February 28th. • Secondary markets were up: loan markets went up 5 bps to finish the month at 99.47; high yield markets were up 19 bps to finish the month at 102.3. • The S&P European Leveraged Loan Index (ELLI) finished the month up 0.4%. • Default rates were mixed -- default rates by principal amount rose; default rate by issuer count fell.
  • 3. European Loan Flow Name Prices 100 99 Text 97 96 94 93 91 2/11 4/11 6/11 8/11 10/11 12/11 2/12 4/12 6/12 8/12 10/12 12/12 2/13 . Source: LCD - Leveraged Commentary & Data
  • 4. European HY Bond Flow Name Prices 106 102 Text 98 94 89 85 81 2/11 4/11 6/11 8/11 10/11 12/11 2/12 4/12 6/12 8/12 10/12 12/12 2/13 . Source: Bloomberg
  • 5. ELLI Multi-Currency Loan Return 2.5% February 2013: + 0.40% Text January 2013: + 1.18% Jan-Feb 2013: + 1.59% Jan-Feb 2012: + 3.34% 1.9% 1.2% 0.6% -0.1% 12/11 1/12 2/12 3/12 4/12 5/12 6/12 7/12 8/12 9/12 10/1211/1212/12 1/13 2/13 . Source: S&P European Leveraged Loan Index
  • 6. Volume: New-issue Loans vs. HY Bonds 15 HY bonds Text Loans 11 €billions 8 €7.4B 4 €3.03B 0 11/1112/11 1/12 2/12 3/12 4/12 5/12 6/12 7/12 8/12 9/12 10/1211/1212/12 1/13 2/13 . Source: LCD - Leveraged Commentary & Data
  • 7. ELLI Default Rates – European Leveraged Loans Default Rate by Principal Amount Default Rate by Issuer Count 16% 16% 13% 13% 10% 10% 6% Text 6% 3% 3% 0% 0% 2/09 2/10 2/11 12/11 2/13 2/09 2/10 12/11 2/12 2/13 . Source: LCD - Leveraged Commentary & Data
  • 8. Themes to watch for Text • Repricings are back on table, as issuers take advantage of strong demand. February’s tally was the highest number of purely European repricings in any month on record. • Along with repricings, some sponsors are tabling dividend recap deals to take advantage of investor demand. • Still strong demand for high yield bonds. • Bond for loan-take-outs will continue to keep pace as issuers address their maturity concerns. • Cairn priced its €300.5M CLO, the first new arbitrage CLO in Europe since the crisis. There are signs about pricing new CLOs. • There is renewed optimism about M&A.
  • 9. Text Copyright 2013 Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. No content (including ratings, credit-related analyses and data, model, software or other application or output therefrom) or any Text part thereof (Content) may be modified, reverse engineered, reproduced or distributed in any form by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of S&P. The Content shall not be used for any unlawful or unauthorized purposes. S&P, its affiliates, and any third party providers, as well as their directors, officers, shareholders, employees or agents (collectively S&P Parties) do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or availability of the Content. S&P Parties are not responsible for any errors or omissions, regardless of the cause, for the results obtained from the use of the Content, or for the security or maintenance of any data input by the user. The Content is provided on an "as is" basis. S&P PARTIES DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, FREEDOM FROM BUGS, SOFTWARE ERRORS OR DEFECTS, THAT THE CONTENT’S FUNCTIONING WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR THAT THE CONTENT WILL OPERATE WITH ANY SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE CONFIGURATION. In no event shall S&P Parties be liable to any party for any direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including, without limitation, lost income or lost profits and opportunity costs) in connection with any use of the Content even if advised of the possibility of such damages. Credit-related analyses, including ratings, and statements in the Content are statements of opinion as of the date they are expressed and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, hold, or sell any securities or to make any investment decisions. S&P assumes no obligation to update the Content following publication in any form or format. The Content should not be relied on and is not a substitute for the skill, judgment and experience of the user, its management, employees, advisors and/or clients when making investment and other business decisions. S&P’s opinions and analyses do not address the suitability of any security. S&P does not act as a fiduciary or an investment advisor. While S&P has obtained information from sources it believes to be reliable, S&P does not perform an audit and undertakes no duty of due diligence or independent verification of any information it receives. S&P keeps certain activities of its business units separate from each other in order to preserve the independence and objectivity of their respective activities. As a result, certain business units of S&P may have information that is not available to other S&P business units. S&P has established policies and procedures to maintain the confidentiality of certain non-public information received in connection with each analytical process. S&P may receive compensation for its ratings and certain credit-related analyses, normally from issuers or underwriters of pause securities or from obligors. S&P reserves the right to disseminate its opinions and analyses. S&P's public ratings and analyses are made available on its Web sites, www.standardandpoors.com (free of charge), and www.ratingsdirect.com and www.globalcreditportal.com (subscription), and may be distributed through other means, including via S&P publications and third party redistributors. Additional information about our ratings fees is available at www.standardandpoors.com/usratingsfees.