Operation Theatre- outline.pptx

TOPIC: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF
THE OT
Prepared by
Mr. Melvin Jacob MSc (N)
Assistant Professor

8/5/2023 3
Mr. Melvin Jacob
• Sushruta , now referred to as the “Father of Surgery”
in the Indian tradition, worked and taught in India
around 600 BC.
• His many volumes of surgical descriptions, known
as the Sushruta Samhita, were the basis of Indian
surgical practice for many centuries after.
• He was the first to establish a surgical practical
laboratory, or workshop, using clay objects and
various fruits to mimic human surgical situations

Evolution Of OT
8/5/2023 6
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Modern OT
8/5/2023 7
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Introduction
•Complex environment of
varying degree of sterility
•Iintegrating surgical and
anesthetic equipment
•Safe conduct of Surgery
8/5/2023 8
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Introduction
8/5/2023 9
Mr. Melvin Jacob
•Ideally, the operating theatre suite should be a
purposely built independent complex
•located away from the main flow of traffic but in an
area easily accessible to the…
• Critical care, surgical and maternity wards and
the supporting service departments, e.g. CSSD,
laboratory and X-ray departments.

Definition of OT
"Operation Theatre" is a specialized facility
of the hospital where lifesaving or life improving
procedures are carried out on human body by
invasive methods under strict aseptic conditions
in a controlled environment by specially trained
personnel to promote healing and cure with
maximum safety, comfort and economy.
8/5/2023 10
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Principles
• Ensure patient safety and the highest quality of care
• Provide surgeons with appropriate access to the OR
• Maximize the efficiency of operating
room utilization, staff, and materials to reduce costs
• Decrease patient delays
• Enhance satisfaction among patients, staff, and
physicians
8/5/2023 11
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Classifications of OT
Based on size
• Major OT
• Minor OT
Based on Sterility
• Ultra sterile OT
• Sterile OT
• Septic OT
Based on Specialty
• General OT
• Cardiac OT
• Neurology OT
• Orthopedic OT
• Ophthalmic OT
• ENT OT
8/5/2023 12
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Cont…..
Based on construction
• Modular
• Non modular
Based on timing of surgery
• Routine
• Emergency
8/5/2023 15
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Ideal location
Location:
• All OTs in an OT complex
• Emergency
• Blood bank
• Radiology
• Intensive care unit
• Central sterile supply department
• Laboratory
8/5/2023 16
Mr. Melvin Jacob

OT design
Central corridor plan
• Racetrack plan - In this design, the front
entrance to each OR is from the outer corridor,
and supplies are retrieved through a rear
entrance to the room leading to the central-core
storage and work areas.
8/5/2023 17
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Central corridor plan
• Hotel plan - In this design, the ORs are situated
along a central corridor, with separate clean core
and soiled work areas
8/5/2023 19
Mr. Melvin Jacob

• Peripheral corridor - In this design, the front
entrance to each OR is from the peripheral
corridor, and supplies are retrieved through a
rear entrance from the OR leading to the central-
core storage and work areas.
8/5/2023 20
Mr. Melvin Jacob

• Specialty grouping plan - The "specialty
grouping" plan is simply a variation on the hotel
or race track plan, in which ORs are grouped by
specialty (e.g., neurosurgery, general surgery),
each with its own closely associated clean
storage areas and, in some cases, each with its
own soiled instrument work area.
8/5/2023 21
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Different Zones/ Areas
• Unrestricted zone or clean area.
• Semi restricted zone or sub sterile area
• Restricted zone or sterile area
• Disposal zone or area
8/5/2023 22
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Unrestricted/ Clean zone or clean area
This is the area where hospital personnel,
OT personnel, patient's & their attendants can
move about in street clothes.
8/5/2023 23
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Semi restricted/ Protective zone or sub-
sterile area
After changing from street clothes, with clean
gown, cap & OT slipper, the OT team or
personnel are, enter in this area
8/5/2023 24
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Restricted/Aseptic zone or sterile area
• This zone has operation theatres & operation
room where operations are done.
• This is a place where staff & patients in street
clothes & shoes are not allowed to enter.
Scrubbed personnel wear sterile gowns &
gloves & get ready for operation procedure.
8/5/2023 25
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Disposal zone or area
• Dirty utility area
• Disposal corridor
• OT attire mandatory in this area
8/5/2023 26
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Sub areas
• Nurses station or counter
• Pre-operative check area- receive patients
• Holding area- IV line insertion, catheter / gastric
tube insertion
• Induction/Anaesthetic room
8/5/2023 29
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Sub areas
• Post anaesthetic care units
• Staff room- Change dress from street cloth
• Sanitary facility for staff
• Rest rooms- Room for all grades of staff
• Laboratory- Small laboratory with refrigerator
• Seminar room
8/5/2023 30
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Sub areas
• Waiting room – Patient's attendants or family
member's
• Utility Room - Instruments, articles, are
cleaned, washed & wiped dry & then wrapped,
stored & sent for sterilization.
• Disposal or sluice room – Receive disposable
items, separated according to biochemical waste
management
8/5/2023 31
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Number & size
• As per the requirement
• The standard OT should be rectangular or
square in shape
• 20×20×10 feet in size so it provides a floor
space of 400 sq. Feet approx
• Spacious enough to allow free movement
Cont…
8/5/2023 32
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Cont….
• Cardiac or neurosurgery OT should be bigger in
size of 20x30x10 feet with 600 sq. feet floor
space.
• OT for endoscopy or minor surgery can be of
small size of 18x18x10 feet with a floor space of
324 sq. feet.
8/5/2023 33
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Doors
• Main door to the OT suite has to be of adequate
width (1.2 to 1.5 m).
• Sliding doors are preferred inside
• Made of steel.
8/5/2023 35
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Surface / flooring
• Must be slip resistant,
• Strong with minimum joints
• Easily washable
• Able to absorb sound
8/5/2023 36
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Walls
• Should be made of hard fire resistant,
• It should be light in colour
• Washable paint should be ideal
• Electric points should be available on the wall at <
1.5 m height from the floor.
8/5/2023 37
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Scrub station
• For sterile hand wash
• Types: Stainless/ Granite/Marble/ Cement
• Hot water mixing: automatic or manual
• Non splashing taps
• Elbow/ Foot or Infra-Red operated taps
• Soap dispenser: Manual/automatic
8/5/2023 38
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Ventilation, temperature & humidity
• Efficient ventilation that will control temperature
and humidity in OT
• OT should follow the principles that the direction
of airflow should take place from the sterile to
the clean zone & form the clean zone to the less
clean areas.
• No open window
Cont….
8/5/2023 41
Mr. Melvin Jacob

• Should be no interchange air movement
between one OT and another
• No circulating fan or cross ventilation to prevent
airborne contamination of the surgical wound
• Air conditioning systems : recirculating and non
recirculating
• Humidity of 50-60% to be maintained
• Temperature between 18o-24oc.
8/5/2023 42
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Lighting
• Overhead ceiling mounted unit
• Overhead light should be near daylight in colour
and shadow less and give25000-125000 lux of
light (50000 to 100000 lux at the centre and at
least 15000 lux at the periphery).
• Be spark-proof where anaesthetic gases are
used
• Produce minimum heat
8/5/2023 43
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Emergency signal
• The OT management committee should
consider installing an alarm system in case of a
life-threatening emergency.
• The activation of this alarm will save valuable
time to mobilize the emergency designate staff
and direct them to the site of the emergency.
8/5/2023 45
Mr. Melvin Jacob

Other facilities
• Electric generator - to ensure uninterrupted
electricity
• O2 supply & suction system- central O2 supply
system, suctioning through piped in suction
arrangement.
• Computer terminal - The modern OT construction
also provide a surface area for the computer
terminal in each OT
8/5/2023 47
Mr. Melvin Jacob

49
Mr. Melvin Jacob MSc (N)
Thank you

Operation Theatre- outline.pptx

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Similaire à Operation Theatre- outline.pptx

Similaire à Operation Theatre- outline.pptx (20)

Plus de Assistant Professor

Plus de Assistant Professor (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Operation Theatre- outline.pptx