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Ce hv8 module 02 footprinting and reconnaissance
- 2. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Footprinting and
R econnaissance
Module 02
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures v8
M o d u l e 02: Foot prin ting and Reconnaissance
Exam 31 2- 50
Module 02 Page 92
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- 3. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Security News
ABOUT US
PRODUCTS
N EW S
F aceb o o k a 'tre a s u re tro v e' o f
P erso n ally Id e n tifia b le In fo rm ation
A ril 1a 2012
p
Facebook contains a "treasure trove" of personally identifiable information that hackers
manage to get their hands on.
A report by Imperva revealed that users' "general personal information" can often include
a date of birth, home address and sometimes mother's maiden name, allowing hackers to
access this and other websites and applications and create targeted spearphishing campaigns.
It detailed a concept I call "friend-mapping", where an attacker can get further knowledge of
a user’s circle of friends; having accessed their account and posing as a trusted friend, they can
cause mayhem. This can include requesting the transfer of funds and extortion.
Asked why Facebook is so important to hackers, Imperva senior security strategist Noa Bar-Yosef
said: "People also add work friends on Facebook so a team leader can be identified and this can lead
to corporate data being accessed, project work being discussed openly, while geo-location data can be
detailed for military intelligence."
"Hacktivism made up 58 per cent of attacks in the Verizon Data Breach Intelligence Report, and they
are going after information on Facebook that can be used to humiliate a person. All types of attackers
have their own techniques."
http://www.scmogazineuk.com
Copyright © by EG-G*ancil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
״
am ps
uii
Security N ew s
״־
Facebook a ,treasure trove״of Personally Identifiable
Information
Source: http://www.scmagazineuk.com
Facebook contains a "treasure trove" of personally identifiable information that hackers
manage to get their hands on.
A report by Imperva revealed that users' "general personal information" can often include a
date of birth, home address and sometimes mother's maiden name, allowing hackers to access
this and other websites and applications and create targeted spearphishing campaigns.
It detailed a concept I call "friend-mapping", where an attacker can get further knowledge of a
user's circle of friends; having accessed their account and posing as a trusted friend, they can
cause mayhem. This can include requesting the transfer of funds and extortion.
Asked why Facebook is so important to hackers, Imperva senior security strategist Noa BarYosef said: ״People also add work friends on Facebook so a team leader can be identified and
this can lead to corporate data being accessed, project work being discussed openly, while geolocation data can be detailed for military intelligence."
Module 02 Page 93
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- 4. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
"Hacktivism made up 58 per cent of attacks in the Verizon Data Breach Intelligence Report,
and they are going after information on Facebook that can be used to humiliate a person. All
types of attackers have their own techniques."
On how attackers get a password in the first place, Imperva claimed that different keyloggers
are used, while phishing kits that create a fake Facebook login page have been seen, and a
more primitive method is a brute force attack, where the attacker repeatedly attempts to guess
the user's password.
In more extreme cases, a Facebook adm inistrators rights can be accessed. Although it said that
this requires more effort on the hacker side and is not as prevalent, it is the "holy grail" of
attacks as it provides the hacker with data on all users.
On protection, Bar-Yosef said the roll-out of SSL across the whole website, rather than just at
the login page, was effective, but users still needed to opt into this.
By Dan Raywood
http://www.scmagazine.com.au/Feature/265065,digitial-investigations-have-matured.aspx
Module 02 Page 94
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- 5. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
M odule O bjectives
J
Footprinting Terminology
J
WHOIS Footprinting
J
W hat Is Footprinting?
J
DNS Footprinting
J
Objectives of Footprinting
J
Network Footprinting
J
Footprinting Threats
J
Footprinting through Social
Engineering
J
J
Website Footprinting
CEH
Footprinting through Social
Networking Sites
W
J
Email Footprinting
J
Footprinting Tools
J
Competitive Intelligence
J
Footprinting Countermeasures
J
Footprinting Using Google
J
Footprinting Pen Testing
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t t t f
M odule O bjectives
This module will make you familiarize with the following:
e
Footprinting Terminologies
©
WHOIS Footprinting
e
W hat Is Footprinting?
©
DNS Footprinting
©
Objectives of Footprinting
©
Network Footprinting
©
Footprinting Threats
©
Footprinting through Social
e
Footprinting through Search Engines
©
Website Footprinting
©
Email Footprinting
©
Footprinting Tools
©
Competitive Intelligence
©
Footprinting Countermeasures
©
Footprinting Using Google
©
Footprinting Pen Testing
Engineering
Module 02 Page 95
©
Footprinting through Social
Networking Sites
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- 6. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
M odule Flow
Ethical hacking is legal hacking conducted by a penetration tester in order to evaluate
the security of an IT infrastructure with the permission of an organization. The concept of
ethical hacking cannot be explained or cannot be performed in a single step; therefore, it has
been divided into several steps. Footprinting is the first step in ethical hacking, where an
attacker tries to gather information about a target. To help you better understand footprinting,
it has been distributed into various sections:
Xj
Footprinting Concepts
[|EJ
Footprinting Tools
Footprinting Threats
C
J
Module 02 Page 96
FootP rint'ng Countermeasures
Footprinting Methodology
Footprinting Penetration Testing
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- 7. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
The Footprinting Concepts section familiarizes you with footprinting, footprinting terminology,
why footprinting is necessary, and the objectives of footprinting.
Module 02 Page 97
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- 8. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Footprinting Term inology
Open Source or Passive
Information Gathering
CEH
Active Information Gathering
Collect information about a target from
the publicly accessible sources
Gather information through social
engineering on-site visits, interviews,
and questionnaires
Anonymous Footprinting
Pseudonymous Footprinting
Gather information from sources where
the author of the information cannot
Collect information that might be
published under a different name in
be identified or traced
an attempt to preserve privacy
Organizational or Private
Footprinting
Internet Footprinting
Collect information from an organization's
web-based calendar and email services
Collect information about a target
from the Internet
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00 ooo
—
00
Footprinting Term inology
־
Before going deep into the concept, it is important to know the basic terminology
used in footprinting. These terms help you understand the concept of footprinting and its
structures.
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Open Source or P assive Information G athering
Open source or passive information gathering is the easiest way to collect information
about the target organization. It refers to the process of gathering information from the open
sources, i.e., publicly available sources. This requires no direct contact with the target
organization. Open sources may include newspapers, television, social networking sites, blogs,
etc.
Using these, you can gather information such as network boundaries, IP address reachable via
the Internet, operating systems, web server software used by the target network, TCP and UDP
services in each system, access control mechanisms, system architecture, intrusion detection
systems, and so on.
Active Information Gathering
In active information gathering, process attackers mainly focus on the employees of
Module 02 Page 98
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- 9. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
the target organization. Attackers try to extract information from the employees by conducting
social engineering: on-site visits, interviews, questionnaires, etc.
Anonym ous Footprinting
This refers to the process of collecting information from sources anonymously so that
your efforts cannot be traced back to you.
< — Pseudonym ous Footprinting
— i
Pseudonymous footprinting refers to the process of collecting information from the
sources that have been published on the Internet but is not directly linked to the author's
name. The information may be published under a different name or the author may have a
well-established pen name, or the author may be a corporate or government official and be
prohibited from posting under his or her original name. Irrespective of the reason for hiding the
author's name, collecting information from such sources is called pseudonymous.
*s
r
•
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t
4
O rganizational or Private THI 4 • •
Footprinting
4
Private footp rint""ing involves collecting information from an organization's webbased calendar and email services.
|
|
Internet Footprinting
Internet footprinting refers to the process of collecting information of the target
organization's connections to the Internet.
Module 02 Page 99
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- 10. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
W h a t I s F o o tp rin tin g ?
|
Footprinting is the process of collecting as much information as possible
about a target network, for identifying various ways to intrude into an
organization's network system
Process involved in Footprinting a Target
©
Determine the operating system
Collect basic information about
the target and its network
Perform techniques such as Whois,
DNS, network and organizational
queries
used, platforms running, web
server versions, etc.
di i iH a
af , יa a
■
©
Find vulnerabilities and exploits
for launching attacks
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What Is Footprinting?
Footprinting, the first step in ethical hacking, refers to the process of collecting
information about a target network and its environment. Using footprinting you can find
various ways to intrude into the target organization's network system. It is considered
״methodological" because critical information is sought based on a previous discovery.
Once you begin the footprinting process in a methodological manner, you will obtain the
blueprint of the security profile of the target organization. Here the term "blueprint" is used
because the result that you get at the end of footprinting refers to the unique system profile of
the target organization.
There is no single methodology for footprinting as you can trace information in several routes.
However, this activity is important as all crucial information needs to be gathered before you
begin hacking. Hence, you should carry out the footprinting precisely and in an organized
manner.
You can collect information about the target organization through the means of footprinting in
four steps:
1.
Collect basic information about the target and its network
2.
Determine the operating system used, platforms running, web server versions, etc.
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- 11. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
3.
Perform techniques such as Whois, DNS, network and organizational queries
4.
Find vulnerabilities and exploits for launching attacks
Furthermore, we will discuss how to collect basic information, determine operating system of
target computer, platforms running, and web server versions, various methods of footprinting,
and how to find and exploit vulnerabilities in detail.
Module 02 Page 101
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- 12. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
W h y F o o tp rin tin g ?
I'n'n'r'n'n'
CEH
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Why Footprinting?
For attackers to build a hacking strategy, they need to gather information about the
target organization's network, so that they can find the easiest way to break into the
organization's security perimeter. As mentioned previously, footprinting is the easiest way to
gather information about the target organization; this plays a vital role in the hacking process.
Footprinting helps to:
•
Know Security Posture
Performing footprinting on the target organization in a systematic and methodical manner
gives the complete profile of the organization's security posture. You can analyze this report
to figure out loopholes in the security posture of your target organization and then you can
build your hacking plan accordingly.
•
Reduce Attack Area
By using a combination of tools and techniques, attackers can take an unknown entity (for
example XYZ Organization) and reduce it to a specific range of domain names, network
blocks, and individual IP addresses of systems directly connected to the Internet, as well as
many other details pertaining to its security posture.
Build Information Database
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- 13. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
A detailed footprint
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
provides
maximum
information
about the target organization.
Attackers can build their own information database about security weakness of the target
organization. This database can then be analyzed to find the easiest way to break into the
organization's security perimeter.
•
Draw Network Map
Combining footprinting techniques with tools such as Tracert allows the attacker to create
network diagrams of the target organization's network presence. This network map
represents their understanding of the targets Internet footprint. These network diagrams
can guide the attack.
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- 14. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
O b jectiv es of F ootprinting
CEH
0
0
Rogue websites/private websites
0
TCP and UDP services running
0
Access control Mechanisms and ACL's
tf
System Enumeration
ג
O
IP addresses of the reachable systems
0
0
0
0
0
VPN Points
Network blocks
0
Collect
Network
Information
-׳Networking protocols
*
Internal domain names
0
O
Domain name
0
User and group names
ACLs
IDSes running
Analog/digital telephone numbers
Authentication mechanisms
System architecture
*
Remote system type
• Routing tables
• System names
:
SNMP information
:
Passwords
0
1v
1/<
־
Collect
System
Information
־
* System banners
Employee details
0
Comments in HTML source code
0
0
Collect
Organization’s
Information
0
Address and phone numbers
Background of the organization
0
Location details
0
Web server links relevant to the
organization
0
Company directory
0
Security policies implemented
0
Organization's website
News articles/press releases
Copyright © by EC-G*ancil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
O bjectives of Footprinting
The
information,
major
system
objectives
of footprinting
information,
and the
include
collecting the
organizational
information.
target's
network
By carrying
out
footprinting at various network levels, you can gain information such as: network blocks,
network services and applications, system architecture, intrusion detection systems, specific IP
addresses, and access control mechanisms. W ith footprinting, information such as employee
names, phone numbers, contact addresses, designation, and work experience, and so on can
also be obtained.
C ollect Network Information
The network information can be gathered by performing a W hois database analysis,
trace routing, etc. includes:
Q
Domain name
Q
Internal domain names
Q
Network blocks
©
IP addresses of the reachable systems
- יRogue websites/private websites
Module 02 Page 104
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- 15. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Q
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
TCP and UDP services running
© Access control mechanisms and ACLs
©
Networking protocols
© VPN points
Q
ACLs
9
IDSes running
© Analog/digital telephone numbers
© Authentication mechanisms
© System enumeration
C ollect System Information
Q
User and group names
© System banners
Q
Routing tables
Q
SNM P information
© System architecture
©
Remote system type
Q
System names
Q
Passwords
C ollect O rganization’s Information
Q
Employee details
Q
Organization's website
Q
Company directory
Q
Location details
Q
Address and phone numbers
Q
Comments in HTML source code
Q
Security policies implemented
Q
W eb server links relevant to the organization
©
Background of the organization
U
News articles/press releases
Module 02 Page 105
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- 16. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
M odule Flow
So far, we discussed footprinting concepts, and now we will discuss the threats
associated with footprinting:
ף
Footprinting Concepts
Footprinting Tools
Footprinting Countermeasures
o רFootprinting Threats
C L)
Footprinting Methodology
Footprinting Penetration Testing
xi
? * ר
The Footprinting Threats section familiarizes you with the threats associated with footprinting
such
as
social
Module 02 Page 106
engineering,
system
and
network
attacks,
corporate
espionage,
etc.
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
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- 17. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Footprinting T hreats
J
Attackers gather valuable system and network information such as account
details, operating system and installed applications, network components,
server names, database schema details, etc. from footprinting techniques
Types off T h re a ts
Information
Leakage
Privacy
Loss
J
C o p yrigh t © b y
0ם- ם
J.
EG-G*ancil. All
Corporate
Espionage
Business
Loss
Rights Reserved. Rep rod u ctio n is S trictly Prohibited.
Footprinting Threats
As discussed previously, attackers perform footprinting as the first step in an attempt to
hack a target organization. In the footprinting phase, attackers try to collect valuable systemlevel information such as account details, operating system and other software versions, server
names, and database schema details that will be useful in the hacking process.
The following are various threats due to footprinting:
Social E ngineering
W ithout
using any
intrusion
methods,
hackers
directly
and
indirectly
collect
information through persuasion and various other means. Here, crucial information is gathered
by the hackers through employees without their consent.
©J
System and Network Attacks
Footprinting helps an attacker to perform system and network attacks. Through
footprinting, attackers can gather information related to the target organization's system
configuration, operating system running on the machine, and so on. Using this information,
attackers can find the vulnerabilities present in the target system and then can exploit those
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- 18. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
vulnerabilities. Thus, attackers can take control over a target system. Similarly, attackers can
also take control over the entire network.
pa»,
Inform ation L eakage
L 3 3
Information leakage can be a great threat to any organization and is often overlooked.
&
If sensitive organizational information falls into the hands of attackers, then they can build an
attack plan based on the information, or use it for monetary benefits.
G P
—יי
Privacy
L oss
׳With the help of footprinting, hackers are able to access the systems and networks of
the company and even escalate the privileges up to admin levels. W hatever privacy was
maintained by the company is completely lost.
Corporate Espionage
Corporate espionage is one of the major threats to companies as competitors can spy
and attempt to steal sensitive data through footprinting. Due to this type of espionage,
competitors are able to launch similar products in the market, affecting the market position of a
company.
B usin ess Loss
Footprinting has a major effect on businesses such as online businesses and other
ecommerce websites, banking and financial related businesses, etc. Billions of dollars are lost
every year due to malicious attacks by hackers.
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- 19. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
M odule Flow
Now that you are familiar with footprinting concepts and threats, we will discuss the
footprinting methodology.
The footprinting methodology section discusses various techniques used to collect information
about the target organization from different sources.
x
Footprinting Concepts
ן־דיןן
Footprinting Threats
G O
Module 02 Page 109
Footprinting Methodology
Footprinting Tools
Footprinting Countermeasures
v!
Footprinting Penetration Testing
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- 20. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Footprinting M ethodology
Footprinting through Search
EH
W H O IS Footprinting
Engines
Website Footprinting
DNS Footprinting
Email Footprinting
Network Footprinting
Competitive Intelligence
Footprinting through Social
Engineering
Footprinting using Google
Footprinting through Social
Networking Sites
Copyright © by EG-G*ancil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
I ^
—
Footprinting M ethodology
The footprinting methodology is a procedural way of collecting information about a
target organization from all available sources. It deals with gathering information about a target
organization,
determining URL, location, establishment details, number of employees, the
specific range of domain names, and contact information. This information can be gathered
from various sources such as search engines, Whois databases, etc.
Search engines are the main information sources where you can find valuable information
about your target organization. Therefore, first we will discuss footprinting through search
engines. Here we are going to discuss how and what information we can collect through search
engines.
Examples of search engines include: www.google.com ,www.yahoo.com ,www.bing.com
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Footprinting and Reconnaissance
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Footprinting through Search
Engines
Attackers use search engines to extract
information about a target such as
technology platforms, employee details,
login pages, intranet portals, etc. which
helps in performing social engineering and
other types of advanced system attacks
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Footprinting through Search Engines
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A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World W ide Web.
The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search engine
results pages (SERPs). In the present world, many search engines allow you to extract a target
organization's information such as technology platforms, employee details, login pages,
intranet portals, and so on. Using this information, an attacker may build a hacking strategy to
break into the target organization's network and may carry out other types of advanced system
attacks. A Google search could reveal submissions to forums by security personnel that reveal
brands of firewalls or antivirus software in use at the target. Sometimes even network
diagrams are found that can guide an attack.
If you want to footprint the target organization, for example XYZ pvt ltd, then type XYZ pvt ltd in
the Search box of the search engine and press Enter. This will display all the search results
containing the keywords "XYZ pvt ltd." You can even narrow down the results by adding a
specific keyword while searching. Furthermore, we will discuss other footprinting techniques
such as website footprinting and email Footprinting.
For example, consider an organization, perhaps Microsoft. Type Microsoft in the Search box of
a search engine and press Enter; this will display all the results containing information about
Microsoft. Browsing the results may provide critical information such as physical location,
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Footprinting and Reconnaissance
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contact address, the services offered, number of employees, etc. that may prove to be a
valuable source for hacking.
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Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFTt? ) is ar American
multinational corporation headquartered n ReJrrond.
Washington. United States that develops, manufactures
licenses, and supports a wide range cf products and services
rolatod to computing. Tho company was foundoc by Bill Gatos
and Paul Allen on Apr J 4. 1975. Microsoft is the world's largest
software corporation measured by revenues
Interaction
inteipieteis foi the Altai! 8800 It rose to dominate the home
computer operating system market wth MS-OOS n the m
id•
1980s followed by the Microsoft Wndows line of operating
systems The company’s 1986 initial public oferng. and
subsequent rise in the share price, created ar estimated three
billionaires and 12.000 millionaires from Microsoft employees
Since the 1990s. the company has increasingly d1
ersrf1 from
ed
the operating system market. In May 2011 Microsoft acquired
Skype for $8 5 billion in its largest acquisition to date PI
Microsoft׳
Type
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Traded as
NASDAQ: MSFT ^
SEHK: 4 3 (
33£
>
Cow Jones Industrial Average
component
Microsoft was established to develop and sell BA SC
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NASDAQ-100com
ponent
S&P50D component
Induttry
Computer tofiwar•
Onlir• t#rvic♦•
Video gorroo
Founded
Albuquerque, New Mexico,
United States (April 4,1975)
Founder(•)
Bill Gates, Paul Alien
Headquarters
Microsoft Redmond Campts,
FIGURE 2.1: Screenshot showing information about Microsoft
As an ethical hacker, if you find any sensitive information of your company in the search engine
result pages, you should remove that information. Although you remove the sensitive
information, it may still be available in a search engine cache. Therefore, you should also check
the search engine cache to ensure that the sensitive data is removed permanently.
Module 02 Page 112
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 23. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Finding Company’s External and
Internal URLs
To o ls to Search Internal UR Ls
Search for the target company's external URL
in a search engine such as Google or Bing
Internal URLs provide an insight into
different departments and business units in
CEH
5
http://news.netcraft.com
6
h t t p : / / w w w . webmaster-a.com/
l i n k - e x t r a c tor-internal.php
an organization
You may find an internal company's URL by
trial and error method
A
Internal U R L’s of m icrosoft.com
t s u p p o r t . m icrosoft.com
)
e
office.mi c r o s o f t . c o m
s
s e a r c h . m icrosoft.com
0
msdn. m i c r o s o f t . c o m
O
update.mi c r o s o f t . c o m
6
t e c h n e t . m icrosoft.com
0
windo w s . m i c r o s o f t . c o m
f j
^
,
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Finding C om pany’s External and Internal URLs
A company's external and internal URLs provide a lot of useful information to the
attacker. These URLs describe the company and provide details such as the company mission
and vision, history, products or services offered, etc. The URL that is used outside the corporate
network for accessing the company's vault server via a firewall is called an external URL. It links
directly to the company's external web page. The target company's external URL can be
determined with the help of search engines such as Google or Bing.
If you want to find the external URL of a company, follow these steps:
1.
Open any of the search engines, such as Google or Bing.
2. Type the name of the target company in the Search box and press Enter.
The internal URL is used for accessing the company's vault server directly inside the corporate
network. The internal URL helps to access the internal functions of a company. Most companies
use common formats for internal URLs. Therefore, if you know the external URL of a company,
you can predict an internal URL through trial and error. These internal URLs provide insight into
different departments and business units in an organization. You can also find the internal URLs
of an organization using tools such as netcraft.
Tools to Search Internal URLs
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- 24. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Netcraft
Source: http://news.netcraft.com
Netcraft deals with web server, web hosting market-share analysis, and operating
system detection. It provides free anti-phishing toolbar (Net craft toolbar) for Firefox as well as
Internet Explorer browsers. The netcraft toolbar avoids phishing attacks and protects the
Internet users from fraudsters. It checks the risk rate as well as the hosting location of the
websites we visit.
Link Extractor
Source: http://www.webmaster-a.com/link-extractor-internal.php
Link Extractor is a link extraction utility that allows you to choose between external and internal
URLs, and will return a plain list of URLs linked to or an html list. You can use this utility to
competitor sites.
Examples of internal URLs of microsoft.com:
© support.microsoft.com
© office.microsoft.com
© search.microsoft.com
©
msdn.microsoft.com
©
update.microsoft.com
© technet.microsoft.com
© windows.microsoft.com
Module 02 Page 114
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 25. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
P u b lic and R estricted W eb sites
CEH
Urt1fw4
ilh iu l lUtbM
Welcome to Microsoft
Irocua Dt+noaSz Sicuity Stifpcrt Su
h ttp ://w w w .m ic ro s o ft.c o m
Public W ebsite
http://offlce.microsoft.com
http://answers.microsoft.com
Restricted W ebsite
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Public and R estricted W ebsites
—___ , A public website is a website designed to show the presence of an organization on the
Internet. It is designed to attract customers and partners. It contains information such as
company history, services and products, and contact information of the organization.
The following screenshot is an example of a public website:
Source: http://www.microsoft.com
Module 02 Page 115
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 26. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
FIGURE 2.2: An example of public website
A restricted website is a website that is available to only a few people. The people may be
employees of an organization, members of a department, etc. Restrictions can be applied
based on the IP number, domain or subnet, username, and password.
Restricted
or
private
websites
of
microsoft.com
include:
http://technet.microsoft.com,
http://windows.microsoft.com, http://office.microsoft.com, and http://answers.microsoft.com.
Module 02 Page 116
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 27. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
4־
C
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
H *O *< 1 ״U0*n
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Microsoft | TechNet
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Welcome to Office
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with Office 365
FIGURE 2.3: Examples of Public and Restricted websites
Module 02 Page 117
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 28. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Collect Location Information
CEH
Use G o og le Earth tool to get th e location of th e place
C ollect Location Inform ation
Information such as physical location of the organization plays a vital role in the
hacking process. This information can be obtained using the footprinting technique. In addition
to physical location, we can also collect information such as surrounding public Wi-Fi hotspots
that may prove to be a way to break into the target organization's network.
Attackers with the knowledge of a target organization's location may attempt dumpster diving,
surveillance, social engineering, and other non-technical attacks to gather much more
information about the target organization. Once the location of the target is known, detailed
satellite images of the location can be obtained using various sources available on the Internet
such as http://www.google.com/earth and https://maps.google.com. Attackers can use this
information to gain unauthorized access to buildings, wired and wireless networks, systems,
and so on.
Example: earth.google.com
Google Earth is a valuable tool for hacking that allows you to find a location, point, and zoom
into that location to explore. You can even access 3D images that depict most of the Earth in
high-resolution detail.
Module 02 Page 118
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 29. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
* Pldcwe
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
* יג*י
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FIGURE 2.4: Google Earth showing location
Example: maps.google.com
Google Maps provides a Street View feature that provides you with a series of images of
building, as well as its surroundings, including WI-FI networks. Attackers may use Google Maps
to find or locate entrances to buildings, security cameras, gates, places to hide, weak spots in
perimeter fences, and utility resources like electricity connections, to measure distance
between different objects, etc.
.־
=ssa
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FIGURE 2.5: Google Maps showing a Street View
Module 02 Page 119
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 30. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
P e o p le S e a r c h
Information about an individual can be
found at various people search
websites
C EH
The people search returns th e follow ing
inform ation ab ou t a person:
“
Contact numbers and date of birth
S
frfi
Residential addresses and email addresses
S
Photos and social networking profiles
£
Blog URLs
S
Satellite pictures of private residencies
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C .U .w • *• < U
A » e* « ■ *
http://www.spokeo.com
http://pipl.com
Copyright © by EG-C*ancil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
People Search
You can use the public record websites to find information about
people's email
addresses, phone numbers, house addresses, and other information. Usingthis information you
can try to obtain bank details, credit card details, mobile numbers, past history, etc. There are
many people search online services available that help find people, http://pipl.com and
http://www.spokeo.com are examples of people search services that allow you to search for
the people with their name, email, username, phone, or address.
These people search services may provide information such as:
Q
Residential addresses and email addresses
O
Contact numbers and date of birth
Q
Photos and social networking profiles
©
Blog URLs
© Satellite pictures of private residences
Module 02 Page 120
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 31. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Module 02 Page 121
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 32. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
P eo p le Search O n lin e S erv ic es
M
M
Zaba Search
%
123 People Search
http://ww w.zabasearch.com
h ttp ://w w w . 123people, com
C
Zoomlnfo
h ttp ://w w w .zo o m in fo . com
PeekYou
h ttp ://w w w .p e e kyo u . com
Wink People Search
Intelius
h ttp ://w in k.co m
h ttp ://w w w .inte liu s.com
&
h ttp ://w w w .pe op le sm a rt. com
m o • IP
AnyWho
http ://w w w .an yw h o.co m
http://w w w .w hite p ag es.co m
People Lookup
S®
CEH
PeopleSmart
WhitePages
https://w w w .peoplelookup.com
V/ >
—J
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
.3;►
People Search O nline Services
— ׳׳At present, many Internet users are using people search engines to find information
about other people. Most often people search engines provide people's names, addresses, and
contact details. Some people search engines may also reveal the type of work an individual
does, businesses owned by a person, contact numbers, company email addresses, mobile
numbers, fax numbers, dates of birth, personal -mail addresses, etc. This information proves to
be highly beneficial for attackers to launch attacks.
Some of the people search engines are listed as follows:
Zaba Search
Source: http://www.zabasearch.com
Zaba Search is a people search engine that provides information such as address, phone
number, current location, etc. of people in the US. It allows you to search for people by their
name.
Zoom lnfo
Source: http://www.zoominfo.com
Module 02 Page 122
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 33. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Zoom Info is a business people directory using which you can find business contacts, people's
professional profiles, biographies, work histories, affiliations, links to employee profiles with
verified contact information, and more.
צ_ו
E.
Wink P eople Search
Source: http://wink.com
Wink People Search is a people search engine that provides information about people by name
and location. It gives phone number, address, websites, photos, work, school, etc.
״
AnyWho
Source: http://www.anywho.com
AnyWho is a website that helps you find information about people, their businesses, and their
locations online. With the help of a phone number, you can get all the details of an individual.
P eople Lookup
Source: https://www.peoplelookup.com
People Lookup is a people search engine that allows you to find, locate, and then connect with
people. It also allows you to look up a phone number, search for cell numbers, find an address
or phone number, and search for people in the US. This database uses information from public
records.
123 P eople Search
Source: http://www.123people.com
123 People Search is a people search tool that allows you to find information such as public
records, phone numbers, addresses, images, videos, and email addresses.
PeekYou
Source: http://www.peekyou.com
PeekYou is a people search engine that allows you to search for profiles and contact
information of people in India and cities' top employers and schools. It allows you to search for
the people with their names or usernames.
Intelius
Source: http://www.intelius.com
Intelius is a public records business that provides information services. It allows you to search
for the people in US with their name, address, phone number, or email address.
Module 02 Page 123
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 34. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
PeopleSm art
Source: http://www.peoplesmart.com
People Smart is a people search service that allows you to find people's work information with
their name, city, and state. In addition, it allows you to perform reverse phone lookups, email
searches, searches by address, and county searches.
Module 02 Page 124
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 35. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
W hitePages
Source: http://www.whitepages.com
WhitePages is a people search engine that provides information about people by name and
location. Using the phone number, you can find the person's address.
Module 02 Page 125
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 36. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
People Search on Social
Networking Services
CEH
h ttp ://w w w .Iinked in. com
h ttp ://w w w .fa ce b o o k. com
r Google♦
ft
R30er Feoerer
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fjailtofeiledewlwpeiewlkw
! ■ ׳3a י
i i n s »*־
h ttp ://tw itte r.c o m
h ttps ://p lu s, google, com
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
People Search on Social N etw orking Services
Searching for people on social networking websites is easy. Social networking services
are the online services, platforms, or sites that focus on facilitating the building of social
networks or social relations among people. These websites provide information that is provided
by users. Here, people are directly or indirectly related to each other by common interest, work
location, or educational communities, etc.
Social networking sites allow people to share information quickly and effectively as these sites
are updated in real time. It allows updating facts about upcoming or current events, recent
announcements and invitations, and so on. Therefore, social networking sites prove to be a
great platform for searching people and their related information. Through people searching on
social networking services, you can gather critical information that will be helpful in performing
social engineering or other kinds of attacks.
Many social networking sites allow visitors to search for people without registration; this makes
people searching on social networking sites an easy task for you. You can search a person using
name, email, or address. Some sites allow you to check whether an account is currently in use
or not. This allows you to check the status of the person you are looking for.
Some of social networking services are as follows:
Module 02 Page 126
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 37. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Facebook
Source: http://www.facebook.com
Facebook allows you to search for people, their friends, colleagues, and people living
around them and others with whom they are affiliated. In addition, you can also find their
professional information such as their company or business, current location, phone number,
email ID, photos, videos, etc. It allows you to search for people by username or email address.
facebook
□
Carmen f lectra
Sear<* for people, places and tvig i
About *
A na*<raof «hamd-watt. Carmangraw near Cmamas,
900. and got hor • ! braak *htn a tcout for fw c*
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aponad har danang and a*ad har to cama and aud«on for
Carman *roto a bock. >to* toBaSaxv'wfvtftwat
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tm ascW ird ifM n d n g ifo n tln w M lfaN co r•
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FIGURE 2.7: Facebook a social networking service to search for people across the world
L inkedln
1
J
Source: http://www.linkedin.com
Linkedln is a social networking website for professional people. It allows you to find people by
name, keyword, company, school, etc. Searching for people on Linkedln gives you information
such as name, designation, name of company, current location, and education qualifications,
but to use Linkedln you need to be registered with the site.
Twitter
Source: http://twitter.com
Module 02 Page 127
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 38. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Twitter is a social networking service that allows people to send and read text messages
(tweets). Even unregistered users can read tweets on this site.
FIGURE 2.9: Twitter screenshot
Module 02 Page 128
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 39. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
G oogle+
Source: https://plus.google.com
Google+ is a social networking site that aims to make sharing on the web more like sharing in
real life. You can grab a lot of useful information about users from this site and use it to hack
their systems.
FIGURE 2.10: Google+ screenshot
Module 02 Page 129
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 40. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Gather Inform ation from
Financial Services
CEH
Copyright © by EG-G*ancil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
(>
^
Gather Inform ation from F inancial Services
j
Financial services such as Google Finance, Yahoo! Finance, and so on provide a lot of
useful information such as the market value of a company's shares, company profile,
competitor details, etc. The information offered varies from one service to the next. In order to
avail themselves of services such as e-mail alerts and phone alerts, users need to register on the
financial services. This gives an opportunity for an attacker to grab useful information for
hacking.
Many financial firms rely on web access, performing transactions, and user access to their
accounts. Attackers can obtain sensitive and private information of users using information
theft, key loggers, etc. Attackers can even grab this information by implementing cybercrimes,
and exploit it with the help of non-vulnerable threats (software design flaw example; breaking
authentication mechanism).
The following are some of non-vulnerable threats:
Q
Service flooding
Brute force attack
S
Phishing
Module 02 Page 130
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 41. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
FIGURE 2.11: Examples of financial services website for gathering information
Module 02 Page 131
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 42. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
CEH
Footprinting through Job Sites
Urtifwl
You can gather company's
infrastructure details from
job postings
Look fo r th ese:
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http://www.careerbuilder.com
«
http://www.dice.com
http://www.simplyhired.com
*
^
© http://www.indeed.com
© http://www.usajobs.gov
Copyright © by EG-Gtlincil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Footprinting through Job Sites
Attackers can gather valuable information about the operating system, software
versions, company's infrastructure details, and database schema of an organization, through
footprinting various job sites using different techniques.
Depending
upon the
posted
requirements for job openings, attackers may be able to study the hardware, network-related
information, and technologies used by the company. Most of the company's websites have a
key employees list with their email addresses. This information may prove to be beneficial for
an attacker. For example, if a company wants to hire a person for a Network Administration
job, it posts the requirements related to that position.
Module 02 Page 132
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 43. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
M
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FIGURE 2.12: Gathering information through Job websites
Usually attackers look for the following information:
•
Job requirements
•
Employee's profile
•
Hardware information
•
Software information
Examples of job websites include:
Q
http //www. monster.com
Q
http //www.careerbu ilder.com
S
http //www.dice.com
C
D
a
4- ׳
4- ׳
-C
S
http //www.indeed.com
Q
http //www. usajobs.gov
//www.simplvhired.com
Module 02 Page 133
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 44. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
M onitoring Target Using Alerts
Alerts are the content monitoring services
C EH
Examples of A lert Services
that provide up-to-date information based
M onitoring Targets Using Alerts
“
Alerts are the content monitoring services that provide automated up-to-date
information based on your preference, usually via email or SMS. In order to get alerts, you
need to register on the website and you should submit either an email or phone number to the
service. Attackers can gather this sensitive information from the alert services and use it for
further processing of an attack.
I^jl G oogle Alerts
Source: http://www.google.com/alerts
Google Alerts is a content monitoring service that automatically notifies users when new
content from news, web, blogs, video, and/or discussion groups matches a set of search terms
selected by the user and stored by the Google Alerts service.
Google Alerts aids in monitoring a developing news story and keeping current on a competitor
or industry.
Module 02 Page 134
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 45. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Google
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
C o o g i• A le rt • Security New*
Alerts
Tkta
lu ilo n i bkokad HiMyc■.
27 new results • Security News
j
New»
S n eRaa 1 L n DaliBetaA i d l n r i c g
ia
1 a a d tfl-tfl j a a a t C i l
Search query
N#Vf Yoric Time*
BEIRUT Lebanon — The hilling on Wednesday of President Bashat al-Assads key
security aides וזיa brazen bombog attack close to Mr Assads own residonce. called
into question the ability of a government that depends on an insular group of loyalists to
Security News
S t t «!
Result type
How often
?ft
Trei
te a t r
Everything
San Jose Mercury Mews
Turr.s out <Mas 3s easy as using a rug to scale a ra20r *ire topped security fence at a small Utah
arport in the rroddie cf night slipping past security bearding an idle empty S0-passeog?r SkyWest
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and rewng up the engines. He Clashed the ...
Once a day
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.
K S nfltA iantramMiiajm a aost m
ti-ta SM
utm
i
How many:
Reuters
BEIRUT'AMMAN (Reuters) - Mystery surrounded the whereabouts of S y r an President Basha* 31Assad cn Thursday a day after a oomoer killed and wounded his security cnefs anc rebels closed
in on the centre of Damascus vowing to *liberate" the capital.
Only the best results
5 1 9 ?tp ?»ח
nts .h?
Your email
@yahoo com
C R EA TE A LER T
Manage your alerts
>
ftista Sira Laamra Inrcr Cirflg
W a l Street Journal
BEIRUT—Syrian rebels pierced the innermost circle 0 President Bashar a -Assads
1
regime wKh a bomb blast that kiled thiee high-lewl officials and raised questions about
the aMity of the courftry's security forces to sustain the embattled government Syna
w ii st^«!
a—<
FIGURE 2.13: Google Alert services screenshot
Yahoo!
Alerts
is available
at
http://alerts.yahoo.com
and
Giga
Alert
is available
at
http://www.gigaalert.com: these are two more examples of alert services.
Module 02 Page 135
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 46. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Footprinting M ethodology
Footprinting through Search
CEH
W H O IS Footprinting
Engines
Website Footprinting
DNS Footprinting
Email Footprinting
Network Footprinting
Competitive Intelligence
Footprinting through Social
Engineering
Footprinting using Google
Footprinting through Social
Networking Sites
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Footprinting M ethodology
So far, we have discussed the first step of footprinting methodology, i.e., footprinting
via search engines. Now we will discuss website footprinting. An organization's website is a
first place where you can get sensitive information such as names and contact details of chief
persons in the company, upcoming project details, and so on. This section covers the website
footprinting concept, mirroring websites, the tools used for mirroring, and monitoring web
updates.
Module 02 Page 136
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 47. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
W e b site F o o tp rin tin g
C EH
Information obtained from target's website enables an attacker to
build a detailed m ap of w ebsite's structure and architecture
Browsing the target website may provide:
-
Software used and its version
t
Operating system used
t:
Sub-directories and parameters
t
Filename, path, database field name, or query
-
Scripting platform
Contact details and CMS details
Use Zaproxy, Burp Suite, Firebug, etc. to view
headers that provide:
w Connection status and content-type
~
Accept-Ranges
-
Last-Modified information
t;
X-Powered-By information
Web server in use and its version
W ebsite Footprinting
It is possible for an attacker to build a detailed map of a website's structure and
architecture without IDS being triggered or without raising any sys admin suspicions. It can be
accomplished either with the help of sophisticated footprinting tools or just with the basic tools
that come along with the operating system, such as telnet and a browser.
Using the Netcraft tool you can gather website information such as IP address, registered name
and address of the domain owner, domain name, host of the site, OS details, etc. But this tool
may not give all these details for every site. In such cases, you should browse the target
website.
Browsing the target website will provide you with the following information:
Q
Software used and its version: You can find not only the software in use but also the
version easily on the off-the-shelf software-based website.
Q
Operating system used: Usually the operating system can also be determined.
9
Sub-directories and parameters: You can reveal the sub-directories and parameters by
making a note of all the URLs while browsing the target website.
Module 02 Page 137
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 48. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Filename, path, database field name, or query: You should analyze anything after a
query that looks like a filename, path, database field name, or query carefully to check
whether it offers opportunities for SQL injection.
- יScripting platform: With the help of the script filename extensions such as .php, .asp,
.jsp, etc. you can easily determine the scripting platform that the target website is using.
S
Contact details and CMS details: The contact pages usually offer details such as names,
phone numbers, email addresses, and locations of admin or support people. You can
use these details to perform a social engineering attack.
CMS software allows URL rewriting in order to disguise the script filename extensions.
In this case, you need to put little more effort to determine the scripting platform.
Use Paros Proxy, Burp Suite, Firebug, etc. to view headers that provide:
Q
Connection status and content-type
Q
Accept-ranges
©
Last-Modified information
Q
X-Powered-By information
© W eb server in use and its version
Source: http://portswigger.net
The following is a screenshot of Burp Suite showing headers of packets in the information pane:
FIGURE 2.14: Burp Suite showing headers of packets in the information pane
Module 02 Page 138
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 49. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
W e b site F o o tp rin tin g
(Cont’d)
Examining H TM L source provides:
CEH
Urt1fw4
ilh iu l lUtbM
Examining cookies may provide:
© Comments in the source code
6 Software in use and its behavior
9 Contact details of web developer or admin
© Scripting platforms used
© File system structure
9 Script type
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
W ebsite Footprinting (Cont’d)
Examine the HTML source code. Follow the comments that are either created by the
CMS system or inserted manually. These comments may provide clues to help you understand
what's running in the background. This may even provide contact details of the web admin or
developer.
Observe all the links and image tags, in order to map the file system structure. This allows you
to reveal the existence of hidden directories and files. Enter fake data to determine how the
script works.
Module 02 Page 139
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 50. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
T
V ew « j u 1< e w w w jn 1<rc•.
1
C ft
T
H
ץ
ft
© view sour , ״www.microsoft.com en-us/defaultaspx
A
2 < OT P h i PU
1 'D CYC riw BLIC • // 3 / D DX T L 1 Trtnsicififltl//CNa
— WC/ T HM *0
s <html dir"־ltr" lang“״en• xml:lar.g“*er.■ xmlns“״http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml•
xmlns :b1 ~'urn:schemas-m1 crosoft-com:mscom:b1 *>
« <headxt 1 tle>
Microsoft Corporation: Software, Smartphones, Online, Saxes, Cloud
Computing, IT Business Technology, Downloads
0 </tltlexmeta http-equiv'X-UA-Cospatlble■ content•“IE-10* /xmeta httpequ1 v”"C0 ntent-Type” content~*text/html: charset“utf-8" /xmeta httpeq1 ״v*"X-UA-IE9-TextLaycutMetries* content”"snap-vert1 cal* />
־o e n p t type"״text^avascr 1 pt*>
var QosInitTime ■ <new Date()) •getTime ( ;
)
9 var QosLoadTim* • •;י
var QosPageUn • encodeURI (window, location);
var QosBaseSrc • window.location.protocol ♦
//יe.microצoft.com/tran^_plxel.a3px?route*64DE^ctrl-9C5A4tz•(( + יnew
Date()) .getTimezoneOffset ( / 60) ♦ •tcot-Stqos.un■• ♦ QosPagetJri;
)
document.write("clink rel”"3tylesheet■ type“*text/css• href•"' ♦
QosSuildUrl(•lnit‘) ♦ •"/>');
function QosBuildUn (n) (
1
4
var time » (new Date ()).getTuse ( ;
)
var cd - window.cookieDisabled;
if (typeof cd “ *undefined*)
cd • 1; // Default to 1 (cookies disabled) if the wedcs script has
not set it yet
return QosBaseSrc ♦ *ted•' • cd ♦ •tqos.ti■' ♦ QosInitTme ♦ •4ts■' ♦
time + ,*qos.tl“ • ♦ QosLoadTlme ♦ •iqos.n•1 ♦ n;
t» }
l
I
v
FIGURE 2.15: Screenshot showing Microsoft script works
Examine cookies set by the server to determine the software running and its behavior. You can
also identify the script in platforms by observing sessions and other supporting cookies.
Cook* * ar*d site data
Sit•
X
Remove $0
Locally stored data
0d«yM<u11(y.«Kn
100bcttbuy.com
SeercH toofc*et
A
J (oobn
2 coobes
N«mc
Content.
_utmx
1928742&2.1342446822.1.1 utmcv a lOOmoney -*jtmccn־
(r«ferr*l)futmcmd=refen*l|utmcct' ־lendmg/moneyde•!•
>««■ »*>
Dom#«n
.100bettbuy.com
P*h
/
Send for
Aity krnd of connection
Accrv.4>teto script
Yet
Created
Mondey. Ju»y 1 12012 &S3^1 AM
6
Expires:
Mondey. Jjnu.ry U. 2013 *5341 PM
y
Remove
www.tOObestbuy.com
1cookie
www.100nests.com
1cootoe
125rf.com
}co«bet
www.l23d.com
2 cootaes. local storage
v
OK
FIGURE 2.16: Showing details about the software running in a system by examining cookies
Module 02 Page 140
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 51. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
M ir r o r in g E n tire W e b site
J
Mirroring an entire website onto the local system enables an attacker to dissect and identify
vulnerabilities; it also assists in finding directory structure and other valuable information
J
C EH
W eb mirroring tools allow you to download a website to a local directory, building recursively
without multiple requests to web server
all directories, HTML, images, flash, videos, and other files from the server to your computer
Original Website
M irrored Website
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
1
־
ך
M irroring an Entire W ebsite
Website mirroring is the process of creating an exact replica of the original website.
This can be done with the help of web mirroring tools. These tools allow you to download a
website to a local directory, recursively building all directories, HTML, images, flash, videos and
other files from the server to your computer.
Website mirroring has the following benefits:
Q
It is helpful for offline site browsing.
Website mirroring helps in creating a backup site for the original one.
Q
A website clone can be created.
Q
Website mirroring is useful to test the site at the time of website design and
development.
Q
It is possible to distribute to multiple servers instead of using only one server.
Module 02 Page 141
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 52. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Original Website
Mirrored Website
FIGURE 2.17: JuggyBoy's Original and Mirrored website
Module 02 Page 142
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 53. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
W e b site M ir r o r in g T ools
CEH
W ebsite M irroring Tools
©
HTTrack Web Site Copier
Source: http://www.httrack.com
HTTrack is an offline browser utility. It allows you to download a World W ide W eb site from the
Internet to a local directory, building recursively all directories, getting HTML, images, and
other files from the server to your computer. HTTrack arranges the original site's relative linkstructure. Open a page of the "mirrored" website in your browser, browse the site from link to
link, and you can view the site as if you were online. HTTrack can also update an existing
mirrored site, and resume interrupted downloads.
Module 02 Page 143
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 54. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
יפד
Site mirroring in progress (2/2.10165 bytes) - [FR.wt1
tt]
File
Preference*
Mirrcx Log Window Help
S jy lo<
«^
»M
i
si. N
8 i. p I
)
Bi ■
W etion
orm
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992*6
21
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»
2/2
ו
0
0
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*W ircom
ffltw
"
cont4»w«con <©
FIGURE 2.18: HTTrack Web Site Copier Screenshot
SurfOffline
Source: http://www.surfoffline.com
SurfOffline is a website
download software. The software allows you to download entire
websites and download web pages to your local hard drive. After downloading
the target
website, you can use SurfOffline as an offline browser and view downloaded web pages in it. If
you prefer to view downloaded webpages in another browser, you can use the Export Wizard.
SurfOffline's Export Wizard also allows you to copy downloaded websites to other computers in
order to view them later and prepares websites for burning them to a CD or DVD.
J
SurfOffline Professional 2.1 Unregistered trial version. You have 30 day(s) left
F.4e
View
Projects
i
L
8rowver
I ** 1° 1 x
HHp
£ Zi O H>O ^ O Q j j
)
i
$
O Promts
<5 New Project
J u g g y b o y Q u e stio n the Rules
+
1m
1 http:./'׳w
:
ww.j1» g t>
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2: http7/www^u9gyb—
J: http--//w w
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* http,// w w/uggyb.
w
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■ __________ > g. 0
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0
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Connecting
Connecting
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vJ
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tem
**1rK D nloading picture http//־ww
j) ow
.
1
FIGURE 2.19: SurfOffline screenshot
BlackW idow
Source: http://softbvtelabs.com
Module 02 Page 144
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 55. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
BlackWidow is a website scanner for both experts and beginners. It scans websites (it's a site
ripper). It can download an entire website or part of a website. It will build a site structure first,
and then downloads. It allows you to choose what to download from the website.
Module 02 Page 145
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All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 56. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
1
X l« W M »
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
MaowACotporjBon Scftmn. V iw lcto n n O rtnr G m v Claud Co ״cw tn j It
^ » — [()»■ 0|V»»
■
'fj l« « t n g liw 1 a• m
Q »
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t«trw «og>
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o H^
״
י
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*■
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Welcome to Microsoft
*o*ucta
0
0
» « e *d
1
S*o^»
Support
•wy
FIGURE 2.20: SurfOffline screenshot
W ebripper
Source: http://www.calluna-software.com
WebRipper is an Internet scanner and downloader. It downloads massive amount of images,
videos, audio, and executable documents from any website. WebRipper uses spider-technology
to follow the links in all directions from the start-address. It filters out the interesting files, and
adds them to the download-queue for downloading.
You can restrict downloaded items by file type, minimum file, maximum file, and image size. All
the downloaded links can also be restricted by keywords to avoid wasting your bandwidth.
W R»ppef 03 -Copyright (0 200S-2009 -Stm
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sonSoft
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^
Tarqolod [www !uqqyboy com)634782117892930200
Oowteed* | Sodtn |
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WebRipper
The u ltim ate tool for wehsite ripping
001M8M4
0 12KES
FIGURE 2.21: Webripper screenshot
Module 02 Page 146
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 57. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
W e b site M ir r o r in g T ools
(Cont’d)
o
Website Ripper Copier
PageNest
ן
h ttp ://w w w . tensons.com
(EH
Urt.fi•* | ttk.ul MmIm
h ttp ://w w w .p a g e n e st. com
Teleport Pro
Backstreet Browser
h ttp ://w w w . tenmax.com
h ttp ://w w w . spadixbd. com
Portable Offline Browser
_
,_
Offline Explorer Enterprise
h ttp ://w w w .metaproducts.com
http://w w w .m etaproducts.com
Proxy Offline Browser
GNU Wget
h ttp ://w w w .proxy-offline-brow ser.com
h ttp ://w w w .g n u .o rg
iMiser
«
Hooeey Webprint
I 2 ־A Z J
http://internetresearchtool.com
h ttp://w w w .hooeeyw ebprint.com
Copyright © by EG-G*ancil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
W ebsite M irroring Tools (Cont’d)
In addition to the website mirroring tools mentioned previously, a few more wellknown tools are mentioned as follows:
9
Webiste Ripper Copier available at http://www.tensons.com
£
Teleport Pro available at http://www.tenmax.com
©
Portable Offline Browser available at http://www.metaproducts.com
Q
Proxy Offline Browser available at http://www.proxy-offline-browser.com
Q
iMiser available at http://internetresearchtool.com
©
PageNest available at http://www.pagenest.com
0
Backstreet Browser available at http://www.spadixbd.com
© Offline Explorer Enterprise available at http://www.metaproducts.com
9
GNU Wget available at http://www.gnu.org
Hooeey Webprint available at http://www.hooeeywebprint.com
Module 02 Page 147
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-COUIICil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 58. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Extract W ebsite Inform ation from
------- http:7/w w w . arch ive. org
E
I
Archive is an Internet Archive W ayback Machine that allows you to visit archived versions of
websites. This allows you to gather information on a company's web pages since their creation.
As the website www.archive.org keeps track of web pages from the time of their inception, you
can retrieve even information that has been removed from the target website.
Module 02 Page 148
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 59. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
»־־
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Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
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Module 02 Page 149
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 60. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Monitoring Web Updates Using
Website Watcher
Website Watcher automatically checks web pages for updates and changes
WebSite-Watcher 2012 < 2 >
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Copyright © by EG-Gllincil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
M onitoring Web Updates Using W ebsite W atcher
Source: http://www.aignes.com
Website W atcher is used to keep track of websites for updates and automatic changes. When
an update or change occurs, Website W atcher automatically detects and saves the last two
versions onto your disk, and highlights changes in the text. It is a useful tool for monitoring sites
to gain competitive advantage.
Benefits:
Frequent manual checking of updates is not required. Website W atcher can automatically
detect and notify users of updates:
Q
It allows you to know what your competitors are doing by scanning your competitors׳
websites
© The site can keep track of new software versions or driver updates
©
It stores images of the modified websites to a disk
Module 02 Page 150
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0l1nCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 61. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
FIGURE 2.23: Website watcher monitoring web updates
Module 02 Page 151
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 62. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Footprinting M ethodology
Footprinting through Search
CEH
W H O IS Footprinting
Engines
Website Footprinting
DNS Footprinting
Email Footprinting
Network Footprinting
Competitive Intelligence
Footprinting through Social
Engineering
Footprinting using Google
Footprinting through Social
Networking Sites
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Footprinting M ethodology
So far we have discussed Footprinting through search engines and website footprinting,
the two initial phases of footprinting methodology. Now we will discuss email footprinting.
W H O IS Footprinting
DNS Footprinting
Network Footprinting
Footprinting through Social
Engineering
Footprinting through Social
Networking Sites
This section describes how to track email communications, how to collect information from
email headers, and email tracking tools.
Module 02 Page 152
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 63. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Tracking Email Communications
c El
(•ttifwtf 1 lt»K4l N hat
m
J
Attacker tracks email to gather information about the physical location of an
individual to perform social engineering that in turn may help in m apping
target organization's n etw o rk
J
Email tracking is a m ethod to m onitor and spy on th e delivered em ails to the
intended recipient
When the email was
received and read
Set messages to
GPS location and
expire after a specified time
map of the recipient
Track PDF and other types
Time spent on reading
of attachments
the emails
Whether or
not the recipient
it
visited any links sent to them
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Tracking Em ail C om m unications
Email tracking is a method that helps you to monitor as well as to track the emails of a
particular user. This kind of tracking is possible through digitally time stamped records to reveal
the time and date a particular email was received or opened by the target. A lot of email
tracking tools are readily available in the market, using which you can collect information such
as IP addresses, mail servers, and service provider from which the mail was sent. Attackers can
use this information to build the hacking strategy. Examples of email tracking tools include:
eMailTrackerPro and Paraben E-mail Examiner.
By using email tracking tools you can gather the following information about the victim:
Geolocation: Estimates and displays the location of the recipient on the map and may
even calculate distance from your location.
-׳
Read duration: The duration of time spent by the recipient on reading the mail sent by
the sender.
׳Q
Proxy detection: Provides information about the type of server used by the recipient.
Links: Allows you to check whether the links sent to the recipient through email have
been checked or not.
Module 02 Page 153
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 64. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
' ' Operating system: This reveals information about the type of operating system used by
the recipient. The attacker can use this information to launch an attack by finding
loopholes in that particular operating system.
Q
Forward email: W hether or not the email sent to you is forwarded to another person
can be determined easily by using this tool.
Module 02 Page 154
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 65. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
C ollecting Inform ation from
Em ail Header
CEH
Delivored-To:
_
0gmc1il.com
The address from which
Received: by 10.112.39.167 with SMTP id q7cj
the message was sent
Fri, 1 Jun 2012 21:24:01 - O T O O i f ^
Return-Path: < - - •״erma@gmail.com>
*
Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of
־esignates 10.224.205.137 as permitted
d
sender) client־ip=10.224.205.1 377
Sender's mail server
Authentication-Results:| m ^ g o o g ^ ^ ^ o m ^ l
rrw
10.224.205.137 as p e r m i ^ ? ? ^ SmtpTml^H
fcm; dkim=pass
header.i«;_ • «*. * rma@gmail.com
» -.
Received: frommr.google.com ([10.224.205.137])
Date and time received
!hY
wir.h SMTP I i fr»^..n^8570qab.39.131
r
by the originator's
IFri, 01 Jun 2Q12 21;24:QQ -0700 (PDT)I —
email servers
d=gma11.com; 3=20120113;
h-mime-version:in-reply-to:
Authentication system
ect:from:to
:content-type;
used by sender's
bh=TGEIPb4ti7gfQG+ghh70kPj kx+Tt/iAClfl
mail server
b־KyuZLTLfg2-»-QZX;cZKexlNnvRcnD/ + P4+Nkl
! 57־MxDR8
2P t
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bl PK3p J3Uf/CsaB7.Wr>TTOXI״
aKOAGrP3BOt 92MCZFxeUUQ9uwL/xHAI״
SnkoUTF.F.*»KGqOC
0a9hD59D30Xl8KAC7ZmkblGzXmV4DlWf fCL894RaMBOU1*MzRwOWWIib95al I38cqt If P
ZhrWFKh5xSnZXsE73xZPEYzp7yeeCeQuYHZNGslKxc07xQjeZuw+HWK/vR6xChDJapZ4
K5ZAfYZmkIkFX+VdLZqu7YGFzy60HcuP16y3/C2fXHVd3uY<״nMT/yecvhCV080y7FKt6
/Kzw-■
MIME-Veraion: 1.0
Received; by 10.224.205.137 with SMTP id fq9;
1040318;
Fri, 01 Jun 2012 21:24:00 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by 10.229.230.79 with HTTP; Fri
In-Reply-To: <CAOYWATTlzdDXE308D2rhiE4Ber
l.com>
Referaaa • ( f anYM
»f aranrai
ftTT1rrinytr Infi n? rh i Fdf ■
j
A unique number assigned
b m .google.com to
itify theme:
Date
nO’
-EMJcgfgX+mUf jB tt2sy2dXA0mail.gmail .com>
ןo;LUTIONS :::
1
■erma6gmail.com>
ץ
ubj — —ן
I.com.
)־LUTIONS <
Sender's full name
r0yahoo.com>
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
C ollecting Inform ation from Em ail Headers
An email header is the information that travels with every email. It contains the
details of the sender, routing information, date, subject, and recipient. The process of viewing
the email header varies with different mail programs.
Commonly used email programs:
© SmarterMail Webmail
© Outlook Express 4-6
e
Outlook 2000-2003
e
Outlook 2007
©
Eudora 4.3/5.0
©
Entourage
©
Netscape Messenger 4.7
©
MacMail
The following is a screenshot of a sample email header.
Module 02 Page 155
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 66. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Delivered-To:
8
. » » ■ » ! « gmail.com
- - » « »׳
Received: by 10.112. 39". 167 with SMTP id q7csp4894121bk;
Fri, 1 Jun 2012 21:24:01 -0700 (PDT)
Return-Path: < »•-— -erma@gmail.com>
Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of
■
1enna0gmail.com designates 10.224.205.137 as permitted
sender) client-ip=10.2 2
Authentication-Results:pnr7googl^^om»J 3pf-pa33 (google.com: domain of
erma8gmail.com designates
10.224.205.137 as permitted senaerj smtp.mail3
- ׳־
־rmaggmail.com; dkim=pass
header. i=;
?rma8gmail.com
Received: f r o m m r . g o o g l e . c o m ([10.224.205.137])
hv in.??<!■?05-137 win, s m t p in ^ , 0 ^ < ; 7 8 » ; 7 0 ^ - ( ר ) 4ו)וו*«ררו.<>רn u m h o p s = 1);
177
| F n , 01 Jun 2012 21:24:00 -0700 (PDT)!
DKIM-Signature: v=l/l^^rsa-sha^^o/J c=relaxed/relaxed;
d=gma i 1. com;
? 01 2011
h=mime-version:in-reply-to:references:date:message-id:subject:from:to
:content-type;
bh=TGEIPb4ti7gfQG+ghh70kPjkx4Tt/iAClPPyWmNgYHc=;
b־KguZLTLfg2+QZXzZKexlNnvRcnD/+P4+Nk5NKSPtG7uHXDsfv/hGH46e2P+75MxDR8
blPK3eJ3Uf/CsaBZWDITOXLaKOAGrP3BOt92MCZFxeUUQ9uwL/xHALSnkeUIEEeKGqOC
oa9hD59D3oXI8KAC7ZmkblGzXmV4DlWffCL894RaMB0UoMzRw0WWIib95alI38cqtlfP
ZhrWFKh5xSnZXsE73xZPEYzp7yecCeQuYHZNGslKxc07xQjeZuw+HWK/vR6xChDJapZ4
K5 ZAf YZmkI kFX 4־
VdLZqu 7 YGFzy 60 HcuPl6yS/C2 fXHVdsuYamMT/yecvhCVo80g7FKt 6
/KzwMIME-Version: 1.0
Received: by 10.224.205.137 with SMTP id fq9mr6704586qab.39.1338611040318;
Fri, 01 Jun 2012 21:24:00 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by 10.229.230.79 with HTTP; Fri, 1 Jun 2012 21:23:59 -0700 (PDT)
In-Reply-To: <CAOYWATTlzdDXE3o8D2rhiE4Ber2MtV0uhro6r47Mu7c8ubp8Eg@mail.gmail•com>
Referoflfiga^^£^2iiJ^2Xlidfi2£ia2fiiiJi^4^er2MtVOuhro6r+7Mu7c8ubp8Eg0mail.g m a i l .com>
Date:|Sat, 7 Jun 201? 09:53:59 40530 1
Message-it: <(!:AMivoX'fl
!1cf£1־
n£'w!iW<i5zihNnO-EMJcgfgX+mUfjB_tt2sy2dXA0mail.g m a i l .com>
S u b j e j ^ ^ i i _ _ _ ״j i * , _ 0 L U T I 0 N S :::
From:|
■■ ~
Mirza|< - • -״ermapgmail.com>
To:
iftsamaii.com,
•
1LUTI0NS <
• -* - - ־
•
•tions8gmail.com>, — ..
.
■ ■ e 1 <tm
־
׳
■aAk_er8yahoo.com>,
FIGURE 2.24: Email header screenshot
This email header contains the following information:
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
Sender's mail server
Data and time received by the originator's email servers
Authentication system used by sender's mail server
Data and time of message sent
A unique number assigned by mr.google.com to identify the message
Sender's full name
Senders IP address
The address from which the message was sent
The attacker can trace and collect all of this information by performing a detailed analysis of the
complete email header.
Module 02 Page 156
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 67. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
E m a il T r a c k in g T ools
C EH
Em ail Lookup - Free Em ail Tracker
Trace Email - Track Email
Email Header Analysis
IP Address: 72.52.192 147 (ho8t.marhsttanrrediagro1
jp.con)
IP Address Country: Unred States
ip
con tinen t north America
IP Address City Location: Lansing
IP Address Region: Michigan
IP Address Latitude: *2.7257.
IP Address longtitude: -84.636
Organ i rat on: So jrcoDNS
tmaii Lookup wap (sno w n ide)
Map
Satellite
Bath Charter
Township
Email M e tric s
O ard
!5MH •
(105* »
UO t
1«M>
-־
w
W,* י
( f t
Lansing
E 03t
Lansing
/
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!!!!!!!! 1 j!.!!! 1 ! 1 1
1
m 1!
Po liteM ail ( h tt p :/ / w w w .p o lite m a il.c o m )
IVac dfcta 82012 Gooole - Terms of Use Report a map e
Em ail Lookup - Free Em ail Tracker (http://www.ipaddresslocation.org)
Copyright © by EG-G(IIIICil. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
Em ail Tracking Tools
Email tracking tools allow you to track an email and extract information such as
sender identity, mail server, sender's IP address, etc. You can use the extracted information to
attack the target organization's systems by sending malicious emails. Numerous email tracking
tools are readily available in the market.
The following are a few commonly used email tracking tools:
eM ailTrackerPro
Source: http://www.emailtrackerpro.com
eMailTrackerPro is an email tracking tool that analyzes email headers and reveals information
such as sender's geographical location, IP address, etc. It allows you to review the traces later
by saving all past traces.
Module 02 Page 157
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 68. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
«M*fTrKtfT*o v9Qh Advanced {(Woiv Trul a»y 3 of M
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out of <M«. 10| « ttnuiw* drtabM OOJau
FIGURE 2.25: eMailTrackerPro showing geographical location of sender
PoliteM ail
Source: http://www.politemail.com
PoliteMail is an email tracking tool for Outlook. It tracks and provides complete details about
who opened your mail and which document has been opened, as well as which links are being
clicked and read. It offers mail merging, split testing, and full list management including
segmenting. You can compose an email containing malicious links and send it to the employees
of the target organization and keep track of your email. If the employee clicks on the link, he or
she is infected and you will be notified. Thus, you can gain control over the system with the
help of this tool.
FIGURE 2.26: Politemail screenshot
NIC
Em ail Lookup - Free Em ail Tracker
W W W
Source: http://www.ipaddresslocation.org
Module 02 Page 158
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 69. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Email Lookup is an email tracking tool that determines the IP address of the sender by analyzing
the email header. You can copy and paste the email header into this email tracking tool and
start tracing email.
Module 02 Page 159
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.
- 70. Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Exam 312-50 Certified Ethical Hacker
Email Lookup - Free Email Tracker
Trace Email • Track Email
Em ail H e a d e r A n a ly s is
IP A d d ress: 72.52.192.147 (host manhattanmed1
agroup.com)
IP A d d ress Country: United States f e i
IP Continent: North America
IP A d d ress City Location: Lansng
IP A d d ress Region: Michigan
IP A d d ress Latitude: 42 7257,
IP A d d ress Longtitude: -84 636
Organization: SourceDNS
Email Lookup Map (show/hide)
FIGURE 2.27: Email Lookup Screenshot
Module 02 Page 160
Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Copyright © by EC-C0UnCil
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.