1. Publishing your Work in a
Rapidly Changing Scholarly
Communications Environment
Courtney Mlinar
March 2012

2. Current Publishing Model Debates
Research Works Act- defeated February 2012
• required making published, federally funded research freely available
illegal (Elsevier was major player
Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA) 2012
• any research supported by federal $ to be deposited in a publicly
accessible online repository within 6 months of publication
• expands public access to federally funded research (like NIH funded) to 11
new agencies (opposed by Association of American Publishers- calls it
“intellectual eminent domain”*)
http://www.taxpayeraccess.org/issues/frpaa/index.shtml
*Grant B. (2012) Publishers fight open access bill. Available
http://www.taxpayeraccess.org/issues/frpaa/index.shtml . Accessed March 4, 2012.

3. Agencies affected by FRPAA
• Department of Agriculture
• Department of Commerce
• Department of Defense
• Department of Education
• Department of Energy
• Department of Health and Human Services
• Department of Homeland Security
• Department of Transportation
• Environmental Protection Agency
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• National Science Foundation

4. Similar to NIH Public Access Policy:
Public Access Policy:
• public has access to federally funded NIH
research
• Researchers submit final peer-reviewed
manuscripts to PubMed Central upon
acceptance for publication within 12 month
period (submission site is online)
http://publicaccess.nih.gov/

5. PubMed Central
http://0-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.novacat.nova.edu/pmc/
PubMed Health
http://0-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.novacat.nova.edu/pubmedhealth/
• Reviews of Clinical Effectiveness Research
• Links out to Wiley Cochrane Library (HPD Library has EBSCO
Cochrane Library- go to PubMed to linkout)
• Systematic Reviews of Clinical Trial Research (2003)
• PubMed searches PubMed Health

6. Tools:
PubMed:
• My NCBI for PIs> My Saved Data > Manage >
Public > Add a Delegate to share bibliography
• My Bibliography
Electronic Research Administration (eRA)
• New awards register account
• Link account to My NCBI
http://era.nih.gov/

7. Author issues:
• Copyright
• Publishing model
• Promotion and Tenure requirements
• Grant publishing requirements

8. Copyright
Asher A . Bucknell Scholarly Communications Practices Survey: Summary Results. Accessed from http://goo.gl/EQUe4 March. 18, 2012.

9. Journal Citation Reports
• Journal Impact on Scholarship in your
specialty
• Devised by Eugene Garfield, ISI (1955)
• ISI Web of Knowledge (Thomson Reuters)
• Average number of citations per article
• For last 2 years

10. JCR Measures
About 10,000 Influential Journals (not articles or
researchers)
• Science Index
• Social Science Index
Search by subject or specific journal

11. Citation Mapping
Tracks citations
• Forward (those who cite you)
• Backward (your list of References)

12. Citation Mapping
Web of Science

13. Forward and Backward

14. New in 2010 edition
• Impact Factor controlled for Self-citations
• 1,075 titles receiving Impact Factor for the
first time:
– 1,300 regional titles
• Total of over 10,000 journals representing:
– 2,500 publishers
– 84 countries

15. Impact Factor
• A = number of times articles published in 2008
and 2009 were cited by JCR indexed journals
during 2010.
• B = total number of "citable items" published
by that journal in 2008 and 2009.
• 2010 impact factor = A/B
"Citable items" =
articles, reviews, proceedings, or notes; not
editorials or Letters-to-the-Editor

16. Impact factor= 5.395
Divide the number of citations in 2008 to articles
published past 2 years (2006-2007) = 1133 by total
number of articles published previous 2 years
(2006-2007) = 210

17. Number of citations in 2008 to articles published in previous five
years (2003-2007) divided by the total number of articles
published in the previous two years (2003-2007)

19. More…
• New journals assigned impact factor after 2
years
• Journals indexed starting with a volume other
than the first volume- no impact factor for 3
years
• Annuals and other irregular publications
sometimes publish no items in a particular
year, affecting the count

20. Eigenfactor (2008)
Eigenfactor Score calculation:
www.eigenfactor.org
• Highly cited journals = greater influence in the
community ---> weighted citations
• Journal self-citation removed
The Eigenfactor™ Algorithm-2008, was developed by the Metrics
Eigenfactor™ Project: a bibliometric research project conducted by
Professor Carl Bergstrom and his laboratory at University of Washington.

23. Article Score
Measures an article’s influence in scientific
community
• Greater than 1= Above average
• Less than 1= Below average

24. Hirsch- or h-index
Measures impact of an individual scientist
• Can also be applied to the productivity and impact of a
group of scientists, such as a department or university
or country
• Depends on “academic age” of researcher
• Only used for comparing scientists in the same field
Suggested by Jorge E. Hirsch, a physicist at UCSD, as a tool for
determining theoretical physicists relative quality and is sometimes
called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.
Hirsch JE. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America 102 (46): 16569-16572 November 15 2005.

25. JCR faults?
• Western bias?
• Missing high-impact conferences or meetings?
• Popularity vs. Prestige?

26. Editors and Impact Factor
• Recruiting high-profile researchers
• Improved author services
• Boosting media profiles
• Fewer articles per issue
• Increases in article self-citations

27. Example:
Web of Knowledge and Web of Science
http://www.nova.edu/hpdlibrary/
Pharmacology Journals

28. New Players:
• BMJ Updates: newsworthy articles
• Biomed Central Faculty of 1000 (2002)
• Faculty of Medicine (2006)
• PLoS App -Public Library of Science:
Biology, Genetics…

29. Scopus
• Originates from Elsevier(Elsevier)- 2004
• No citation analysis before 1990s
• Tiny bit more coverage of high-impact
conferences
• Coverage begins 1966
• Western bias still present

30. SCImago Journal Rank
• Similar to Page Rank
• Variant of Eigenfactor
• Measures of prestige: the SJR indicator

31. SCImago
• Developed from Scopus (Elsevier)
• SCImago research group from Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC),
University of Granada, Extremadura, Carlos III
(Madrid) and Alcalá de Henares
http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php

32. Open Access
• Gold OA- electronic, selected full text on
publisher web site
• Green OA- print converted to electronic for
archival purposes
• Public model OA- public institutions and
gov, J-Stage (Japan gov funded
research), SciELO
(Brazil), Nursing.com, FindArticles…

33. How to Evaluate?
Similar to web site evaluation:
CRAAP (University of California Chico State)
Meriam Library, U. o. C., Chico. (2010). Evaluating Information - Applying the CRAAP
Test, from http://www.csuchico.edu/lins/handouts/eval_websites.pdf

34. Web Site: CRAAP test
• C = Currency
• R = Relevance
• A = Authority
• A = Accuracy
• P = Purpose
Meriam Library, U. o. C., Chico. (2010). Evaluating Information - Applying the
CRAAP Test. Accessed February 21, 2012 from
http://www.csuchico.edu/lins/handouts/eval_websites.pdf

35. Example 1:
CRAAP Test:
American Journal of Therapeutics
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins

36. Example 2:
CRAAP test on Academy Publish

37. Red Flags in OA
• Less than 21 day turn-around Peer-Review
process
• Web site doesn’t pass CRAAP test
• No information about Editorial Board
• Unreasonable author or processing fees
• Not indexed in many databases (check Ulrichs)

38. Predatory Publishers

39. Publishing Models
• Traditional Print and Online subscription
• Online only subscription
• Open Access- Gold, Green, Public
• Gray Literature: Conferences, Proceedings
• Wikis, Blogs, Social Networking

40. Open Access
• Investigate publisher and fees thoroughly
• Some open access journals have higher impact
factors than traditional
• Can you access the articles?
• Check database indexing for publication

41. Thank you!
Courtney Mlinar, M.L.S.
Reference/ Academic Support Services Librarian
Liaison College of Pharmacy
(954) 262-3121
cm1470@nova.edu