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1. Baking
By : Megan McGill
http://tlc.discovery.com/tv/dc-cupcakes/
cupcake-photos-12.html
2. Thesis Statement
• My interest in baking led me to researching some history
of baking, what it used to be like, and what its like today,
how baking can be used to teach, and the creativity you
can express through baking. I also wanted to use my love
for baking to help someone else out in some way, and also
show kids how baking is a fun way to learn important
skills and express their creativity which led me to making
baked goods to donate to the Upper Merion Senior
Center’s Spring Flea Market, and baking with the Little
Vikings here at the high school.
3. Why I Chose Baking
• Favorite hobby of
mine since I was
young
• Stress-Reliever
• Creative Outlet
• A way to make
others happy
4. Quote
• "I figured if I was going to make the world a better
place, I'd do it with cookies."
Author: Ana Pascal, "Stranger than Fiction"
6. How Cupcakes Got
Started
http://www.boulderdowntown.com/_files/images/small-chocolate-cupcake.jpg
http://npinopunintended.wordpress.com/2010/03/20/against-the-cupcake/ Musser, George. “Cupcakes.” MAS Ultra - School Edition. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
7. History of Cakes
“Cake.” MasterFILE Premier. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2010. <http:/.ebscohost.com//?hid>
. Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats Cooking America. N.p., 2004. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
8. Variations of Cakes and
Names for Cake
http://www.tastespotting.com/features/that-chocolate-cake-recipe-
scharffen-berger
Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats Cooking America. N.p., 2004.
Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
9. When were Cakes Baked?
• Special
Occasions
• More wealthy,
more you will
consume
http://www.simplydevinecatering.com/wedding_cakes.htm
Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats
Cooking America. N.p., 2004. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
10. Cake Hoops to Cake Pans
http://www.deborahspantry.com/everythingelse.htm http://www.fantes.com/cake-pans-round.html
Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats
Cooking America. N.p., 2004. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
11. Cakes in America in 19th
Century
http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/heavenly-angel-food-cake/47fb0100-5df4-4dd4-b4e1-f5db1475954b
Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats
Cooking America. N.p., 2004. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
12. Early English Settlers
and Pies
Beard, James. James Beard's American Cookery. N.p.: Little, Brown and Company,
n.d
13. History Behind a Variety of
Pies
• Apple Pie • Pumpkin or Squash Pie
• Cherry Pie • Black Bottom Pie
• Rhubarb Pie • Gravel Pie
http://www.cooking-outdoors.com/february-20-is-national-cherry-pie-day/
“Pie.” History Reference Center. N.p., 2010. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
<http:/.ebscohost.com//?hid>.
14. Pie Cont.
Beard, James. James Beard's American Cookery. N.p.: Little, Brown and Company,
n.d.
15. The Start of Cookies
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
16. The Accidental Chocolate
Chip Cookie
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
http://annies-eats.net/2008/09/08/thick-and-chewy-chocolate-chip-cookies/
17. Cookies Today
http://www.parentsconnect.com/parenting/kid/healthy-eating.html
http://fotobank.ru/image/FC04-3653.html
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
18. Baking Can Teach Kids...
• Math Skills
• Organization
• Patience
Hopkin, Margaret. "Cooking WIth Children." Extension.usu.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 2
Mar. 2011. <http://extension.usu.edu/Morgan/files/uploads/
Cooking%20with%20children%201.pdf>.
19. Baking can also teach
kids...
• Responsibility
• How to follow
directions
20. Why Baking is “In” Again
http://www.momlogic.com/2009/08/julie_and_julia_is_a_recipe_for_optimism.php
http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/tv/cake-boss
http://tlc.discovery.com/tv/dc-cupcakes/
http://www.delish.com/cooking-shows/food-tv/duff-goldman-tricks-treats
http://www.foodnetwork.com/ace-of-cakes/index.html
I have been baking since I was little, I have always enjoyed helping out in the kitchen. Baking was an outlet for me and was a fun way for me to relieve stress and express my creativity. My main interest was making birthday cakes so whenever one of my siblings, cousins, parents, friends or kids I baby-sit for had a birthday I would be making there cake. I would ask them what there favorite thing, or sport was and design a cake from there answers. I also loved baking because of the holidays, I make cakes, cookies, or cupcakes for every holiday, from Valentines Day through Christmas. And the main reason why I love to bake is because I can use the cookies and cakes I bake to make other people happy, and put a smile on their face. \n
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Baking was done in an oven of stone, followed by an oven of brick, which were built into the house right beside the fireplace. First earthen pots and pans, and wooden plates were used, then followed by China, and pewter plates.\n
First known recipe which used the term, &#x201C;cupcake&#x201D;, appeared in an American cookbook in 1826. The cup in cupcake stands for the quantity of ingredients used in it, it was just a downsized english pound cake. However Lynne Oliver, of the Food Timeline website says that she found a recipe from 1796 where they were actually baked in cups, so it is hard to say exactly when cupcakes came to be.\n
- The most primitive began making cakes shortly after they discovered flour\n- Baking Utensils and directions have been perfected and simplified, that cake making is no longer a complicated process \n- Cake is made of the basic ingredients: flour, sugar, eggs, seasonings, some other liquid(oil, water etc.), and shortening\n- Early method of cake making was to add other ingredients to a portion of bread dough\n- Most cakes today rise with either baking soda, or baking powder, but sometimes beaten eggs\n\n
Medieval England - \n\nIn medieval England the cakes that were described in writings were not cakes that we make today, instead they were flour based sweet foods, as opposed to the description of bread, which is flour based un-sweetened food. There breads and cakes were very similar, and what they called cakes were just like smaller breads. The earliest examples were found among the remains of Neolithic villages where archaeologists found simple cakes that were made up of crushed grains, that were moistened, compacted and cooked on a hot stone. Today we have a modern version of that simple cake, which would be an oatcake, or biscuit. \n\nGreeks - the greeks called cakes plakous, from the word flat. There cakes were usually a combination of honey and nuts. The greeks also had a flat and heavy cake, which they called satura.\n\nRoman Period - name for cake was Placenta\n(Placenta was like a cheesecake)\nRomans - The romans called cake libum, and cakes were used as an offering to the gods\n\nTerms bread and cake became interchangeable, and they derive from Anglo Saxon Origin, and it is believed that cake was used to describe smaller breads\n\n\n
Cakes were mainly made for special occasions because the ingredients to make cakes were so expensive. So because of this the wealthier you were the more cake you would be able to eat on a frequent basis\n
By the middle of the 18th century yeast wasn&#x2019;t really being used anymore, because people started to favor beaten eggs as a raising agent in cakes. One the cake mixture had as much air beaten in as possible it would be poured in to molds as simple as two tin hoops, or cake hoops, which were set on top of a cookie sheet or parchment paper. Our cake pans we know today evolved from these cake hoops.\n
Early American cooks on the east coast considered cakes a symbol of well being, and each part of the country had their favorite. By the 19th century, because of the Industrial Revolution, baking ingredients were more affordable, and available because of both mass production, and the railroads. Also leavening agents we use today were invented, both baking soda and baking powder. \n
Early English Settlers brought their love of pie with them. They made meat, game, fowl, fruit, and berry pies, and a variety of pastries. They also brought cream and custard pies, but they were listed in English cookbooks as pudding rather than pies. In the early nineteenth century in America pies were common breakfast dishes, and men of rural families got up early and did at least an hour of outside chores before breakfast, so that there was enough time to bake the pies. If winters were really cold than pies were made in large quantities and put out to freeze. The varieties of pies were limited to whatever supplies families had, but dried fruit was always available to the thrifty housekeeper. \n\n
Apple Pie - Apple PIe is very common in America however it actually originated in England around the late 1300&#x2019;s. The apple pies back then were very different because most didn&#x2019;t have sugar since it was scarce and expensive, and the crusts(pastry), or coffins as they called them weren&#x2019;t meant to be eaten, they were just meant as a container. Many old AMerican cookbooks didn&#x2019;t even have apple pie recipes because it was taken for granted that every american housewife had her own favorite version, or recipe. \n\nCherry Pies - &#x201C;Pie Cherry&#x201D; trees did well in cold or moderately warm climates, and they developed fruit quickly, so they were commonly grown in backyards, and the fruit was used for cherry pies, or canned and used as a tart jam\n\nRhubard Pie - rhubard was one of the first fresh garden products of the season in cold climates, and was such a favorite for pie making that in many old cookbooks rhubarb pie was called, the pie plant pie. It was assumed that homemakers knew how to make this pie so there weren&#x2019;t many recipes in old cookbooks, but were found in diaries of early american life. \n\nPumpkin or squash pie - In the eighteenth century this pie was called a pudding because it was a one-crust pie. Yankees(northerners) preferred this pie made with pumpkin, however southerners preferred it made with sweet potatoes. Spices were not included in this pie until clipper ships made them a more common commodity. And for the sweetening in this pie, sorghum or molasses were used until white and brown sugar took over\n\nBlack bottom Pie - recipes for this pie began appearing at the turn of the century, and it was a common party dessert\n\nGravel Pie - this was a recipe that was spread throughout the country by the Pennsylvania dutch, and is typically eaten in pennsylvania dutch homes as a coffee cake\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pies of the Romans - pies of the romans were made for occasions like banquets in the days of the empire, and were elaborate almost like showpieces.\n\nPies in England -\n14th Century - In the 14th century in England common pies were meat and fish pies.\n16th Century - fruit pies(called tarts by the english) were common in the 16th century\n\nPuritans - Mince pie was an important part of the christmas festivities, however some puritans called it &#x201C;superstitious&#x201D; pie, because they were in protest of what seemed to them to be a pagan manner of celebrating a holy feast. \n\nEnglish Settlers - English settlers in North America kept there taste and love for pie, and adapted it to their new conditions on their new land by making pumpkin and cranberry pies.\n
Cookies were originally called, little cakes, and made with sweet dough in single sized servings, and were eaten out of hand. The word cookie comes from the dutch word, keokje, which means little cake. And the Dutch were the first to popularize cookies in the United States.\n\nIn the 19th century the british took a liking to these cookies and incorporated them into their daily tea service, and called them biscuits. \n\n\n\n
Sometime in the 1930&#x2019;s an innkeeper in Massachusetts, Ruth Wakefield, ran out of nuts while she was making cookies, and substituted baking chocolate, by breaking it into chunks,and adding it into the cookie batter, and the Toll House Chocolate Chip Cookie was born. The cookie was named the Toll House Cookie after the Inn Ruth served it in. \n
Cookies are consumed in 95.2 percent of U.S. households. Americans alone consume over 2 billion cookies a year, or 300 cookies for each person annually.\n\n
Baking can be a great tool to use to teach kids all kinds of skills. They learn math skills from measuring ingredients, counting how many eggs they have cracked, and filling the pan with the batter half way. \nBaking can also teach kids organization and planning skills because they can look at the recipe before and figure out what they need, and how much of it they need, how many bowls and utensils they need to get out, and who is going to do what job.\nAnd baking also teaches patience because they have to wait for the cookies to finish baking, or the cookie dough to finish cooling\n \n
Baking teaches responsibility to kids because they are given tasks or jobs to do, so they learn that they have to finish what they were asked to do, and they have to clean up afterwards\nAlso baking can teach kids how to follow directions, since they need to follow a recipe, and they have to know which step is next\n\n
