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CLI:
The Return to Command Line Interfaces

      T-121.5300 User Interface Design
                Lecture 2.

              Marko Nieminen
Marko Nieminen
> grep -v ^$ filea > fileb
> CP TAG DEV E VTSO LOCAL 2
OPTCD=J F=3871 X=GB12
The Mysterious Commands



    Why? Are they required?

      Who can learn them?

Do we need them at all nowadays?
Contemporary CLI: ”Search Experience”




                                        Marko Nieminen
Some Command Lines


1.   ”5+3=”

2.   “1 eur in isk”



     http://www.google.fi/intl/fi/help/features.html

     Towards more natural interaction

                                                       Marko Nieminen
A 641 (   16353)
CLI today




            Marko Nieminen
Kertalippu kännykkään tekstiviestillä

 Voit tilata matkapuhelimeen
 tekstiviestinä kertalipun, joka on
 voimassa ratikassa, metrossa ja
 Suomenlinnan lautalla.
 Tilaa lippu lähettämällä tekstiviesti A
 641 (suomenkielinen lippu) tai AS 641
 (ruotsinkielinen lippu) numeroon 16353.
 Saat paluuviestinä kertalipun, joka on
 voimassa tunnin ostohetkestä lähtien.
 Viestissä näkyvät lipun voimassaoloaika
 ja -alue, tunnistenumero ja
 lähettäjänumero.Tarkista lipun
 saapuminen ennen raitiovaunuun tai
 lauttaan nousemista tai metron
 laiturialueelle astumista!
 Palvelu toimii Soneran, Radiolinjan,
 DNA:n ja Saunalahden liittymissä. Lipun
 hinta veloitetaan puhelinlaskun
 yhteydessä.
 http://www.hel.fi/HKL/suomi/ratikka/su/liput.html

                                                     Marko Nieminen
Characteristics of Command Languages

 Command languages, which originated with operating-systems commands, are
 distinguished by their immediacy and by their impact on devices or information.

 Users issue a command and watch what happens
 If the result is correct, the next command is issued; if not, some other strategy is
 adopted
 The commands are brief and their existence is transitory
 Command histories are sometimes kept and macros are created in some command
 languages
 The essence of command languages is that they have an ephemeral nature and that
 they produce an immediate result on some object of interest

 Command languages are distinguished from menu-selection systems in that their
 users must recall notation and initiate action
 Menu selection users receive instructions and must recognize and choose among
 only a limited set of visible alternatives; they respond more than initiate
 Command-language users are often called on to accomplish remarkable feats of
 memorization and typing

                                                                           Marko Nieminen
Command languages

      Users must recall notation and initiate action
      Typical form is a verb followed by a noun object with
      qualifiers or arguments for the verb or noun
      Abbreviations may be permitted
      Feedback may be generated for acceptable commands
      Error messages may result from unacceptable forms or
      typos
      Command-language systems may offer the user brief
      prompts, or may be close to menu-selection systems
      Natural-language interaction can be considered as a
      complex form of command language
Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface   Marko Nieminen
Goals of Language Design

      Precision                                        Close correspondence between
                                                       reality and the notation
      Compactness                                      Convenience in carrying out
      Ease in writing and                              manipulations relevant to users'
      reading                                          tasks
                                                       Compatibility with existing
      Speed in learning                                notations
      Simplicity to reduce                             Flexibility to accommodate
      errors                                           novice and expert users
                                                       Expressiveness to encourage
      Ease of retention over                           creativity
      time                                             Visual appeal


Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface                          Marko Nieminen
Constraints on a Language

      The       capacity for human beings to record the notation
      The       match between the recording and the display media
      (for      example, clay tablets, paper, printing presses)
      The       convenience in speaking (vocalizing)

      Successful languages evolve to serve the goals within the
      constraints.




Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface        Marko Nieminen
Command-Organization

      A unifying interface concept or metaphor aids
            learning
            problem solving
            retention
      Designers often err by choosing a metaphor closer to
      machine domain than to the user's task domain

      Simple command set
            Each command is chosen to carry out a single task. The number of
            commands match the number of tasks
            For small number of tasks, this can produce a system easy to learn
            and use

Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface                 Marko Nieminen
Command-Organization Strategies

      Command plus arguments
            COPY FILEA, FILEB
            DELETE FILEA
            PRINT FILEA, FILEB, FILEC
            Keyword labels for arguments are helpful for some users, e.g. COPY
            FROM=FILEA TO=FILEB

      Command plus options and arguments
            PRINT/3,HQ FILEA
            PRINT (3, HQ) FILEA
            PRINT FILEA -3, HQ
            to produce 3 copies of FILEA on the printer in the headquarters building.
            Error rates and the need for extensive training increase with the number of
            possible options.

Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface                          Marko Nieminen
Consistent Argument Ordering

Inconsistent                                           Consistent

      SEARCH file no, message id                         SEARCH message id, file no
      TRIM message id, segment                           TRIM message id, segment
      size                                               size
      REPLACE message id, code                           REPLACE message id, code
      no                                                 no
      INVERT group size, message                         INVERT message id, group
      id                                                 size



Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface                         Marko Nieminen
The Benefits of Structure

      Human learning, problem solving, and memory are
      greatly facilitated by meaningful structure.

      Beneficial for
            task concepts
            computer concepts
            syntactic details of command languages




Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface    Marko Nieminen
Abbreviation Strategies

1.     Simple truncation: The first, second, third, etc. letters of
       each command.
2.     Vowel drop with simple truncation: Eliminate vowels and
       use some of what remains.
3.     First and last letter: Since the first and last letters are
       highly visible, use them.
4.     First letter of each word in a phrase: Use with a
       hierarchical design plan.
5.     Standard abbreviations from other contexts: Use familiar
       abbreviations.
6.     Phonics: Focus attention on the sound.

Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface        Marko Nieminen
LIPUT HELS TENN 2 1701
  1830 ONNEN VARJOT
Palveluja komentokielellä: tekstiviestit

    tilaukset (näyte, koeajo, kirja, lehti, esite jne)
            ilmainen/maksettavissa tekstiviestillä
    liittymiset jäseneksi, kanta-asiakkaaksi, postituslistalle yms
            asiakasrekistereiden kerääminen
    kilpailuihin vastaaminen, äänestykset, kyselyt
    myyntiliidien hankkiminen

    palautekanava lukijalle/kuluttajalle
    tiedottaminen, kutsu tilaisuuteen - ryhmätekstiviesti
    markkinointi – jalostetut paluuviestit asiakkaalle/kuluttajalle

Mobiililla on usein tukirooli - nopea ja helposti mitattava.


Lähde: Nieminen, H.                                                   Marko Nieminen
TKK:n kirjaston mobiilipalvelut

    Omien lainojen selaaminen
    Lainojen uusiminen
    Maksujen maksaminen
    Eräpäivämuistutukset tekstiviestillä
    Saapumisilmoitukset varatuista teoksista tekstiviestillä

http://lib.tkk.fi/fi/palvelut/lainaus/mobiili/index.html




                                                           Marko Nieminen
TKK:n kirjaston mobiilipalvelut

 Rekisteröityminen palvelun            PIN-koodin tarkistaminen
 käyttäjäksi                                TKKPIN
    TKKREK kirjastokortinnumero pin-   PIN-koodin vaihtaminen
    koodi SUKUNIMI
                                            TKKPIN vanhapin uusipin
 Lista lainassa olevista kirjoista     Maksujen maksaminen
    TKKLAINAT
                                            TKKSAKKO
 Kaikkien uusittavissa olevien
 lainojen uusiminen                    Ohjeita palvelun käyttämiseksi
    TKKUUSI
                                            TKK
 Automaattisten
 eräpäiväilmoitusten tilanteen
 tarkistaminen                         Viestit lähetetään numeroon
    TKKILMO                            16579

                                       http://lib.tkk.fi/fi/ohjeet/oppaat/palvelut/mobiili
                                       ohje.html




                                                                            Marko Nieminen
Luonnollisen kielen käyttöliittymä

 Lipunvaraukset voit tehdä myös puhelimitse:

 Finnkino Kinolippu

 0600 007 007 (0,99€/puh + pvm)

 klo 8 – 20

    Dialogi- ja komentokielisuunnittelun periaatteita tarvitaan
 kirjoitettujen komentokielien lisäksi myös puhepohjaisten
 palvelujen rakentamiseksi


                                                          Marko Nieminen

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T 121 5300 (2008) User Interface Design 2 Cli

  • 1. CLI: The Return to Command Line Interfaces T-121.5300 User Interface Design Lecture 2. Marko Nieminen
  • 3. > grep -v ^$ filea > fileb
  • 4. > CP TAG DEV E VTSO LOCAL 2 OPTCD=J F=3871 X=GB12
  • 5. The Mysterious Commands Why? Are they required? Who can learn them? Do we need them at all nowadays?
  • 6. Contemporary CLI: ”Search Experience” Marko Nieminen
  • 7. Some Command Lines 1. ”5+3=” 2. “1 eur in isk” http://www.google.fi/intl/fi/help/features.html Towards more natural interaction Marko Nieminen
  • 8. A 641 ( 16353)
  • 9. CLI today Marko Nieminen
  • 10. Kertalippu kännykkään tekstiviestillä Voit tilata matkapuhelimeen tekstiviestinä kertalipun, joka on voimassa ratikassa, metrossa ja Suomenlinnan lautalla. Tilaa lippu lähettämällä tekstiviesti A 641 (suomenkielinen lippu) tai AS 641 (ruotsinkielinen lippu) numeroon 16353. Saat paluuviestinä kertalipun, joka on voimassa tunnin ostohetkestä lähtien. Viestissä näkyvät lipun voimassaoloaika ja -alue, tunnistenumero ja lähettäjänumero.Tarkista lipun saapuminen ennen raitiovaunuun tai lauttaan nousemista tai metron laiturialueelle astumista! Palvelu toimii Soneran, Radiolinjan, DNA:n ja Saunalahden liittymissä. Lipun hinta veloitetaan puhelinlaskun yhteydessä. http://www.hel.fi/HKL/suomi/ratikka/su/liput.html Marko Nieminen
  • 11. Characteristics of Command Languages Command languages, which originated with operating-systems commands, are distinguished by their immediacy and by their impact on devices or information. Users issue a command and watch what happens If the result is correct, the next command is issued; if not, some other strategy is adopted The commands are brief and their existence is transitory Command histories are sometimes kept and macros are created in some command languages The essence of command languages is that they have an ephemeral nature and that they produce an immediate result on some object of interest Command languages are distinguished from menu-selection systems in that their users must recall notation and initiate action Menu selection users receive instructions and must recognize and choose among only a limited set of visible alternatives; they respond more than initiate Command-language users are often called on to accomplish remarkable feats of memorization and typing Marko Nieminen
  • 12. Command languages Users must recall notation and initiate action Typical form is a verb followed by a noun object with qualifiers or arguments for the verb or noun Abbreviations may be permitted Feedback may be generated for acceptable commands Error messages may result from unacceptable forms or typos Command-language systems may offer the user brief prompts, or may be close to menu-selection systems Natural-language interaction can be considered as a complex form of command language Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 13. Goals of Language Design Precision Close correspondence between reality and the notation Compactness Convenience in carrying out Ease in writing and manipulations relevant to users' reading tasks Compatibility with existing Speed in learning notations Simplicity to reduce Flexibility to accommodate errors novice and expert users Expressiveness to encourage Ease of retention over creativity time Visual appeal Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 14. Constraints on a Language The capacity for human beings to record the notation The match between the recording and the display media (for example, clay tablets, paper, printing presses) The convenience in speaking (vocalizing) Successful languages evolve to serve the goals within the constraints. Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 15. Command-Organization A unifying interface concept or metaphor aids learning problem solving retention Designers often err by choosing a metaphor closer to machine domain than to the user's task domain Simple command set Each command is chosen to carry out a single task. The number of commands match the number of tasks For small number of tasks, this can produce a system easy to learn and use Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 16. Command-Organization Strategies Command plus arguments COPY FILEA, FILEB DELETE FILEA PRINT FILEA, FILEB, FILEC Keyword labels for arguments are helpful for some users, e.g. COPY FROM=FILEA TO=FILEB Command plus options and arguments PRINT/3,HQ FILEA PRINT (3, HQ) FILEA PRINT FILEA -3, HQ to produce 3 copies of FILEA on the printer in the headquarters building. Error rates and the need for extensive training increase with the number of possible options. Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 17. Consistent Argument Ordering Inconsistent Consistent SEARCH file no, message id SEARCH message id, file no TRIM message id, segment TRIM message id, segment size size REPLACE message id, code REPLACE message id, code no no INVERT group size, message INVERT message id, group id size Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 18. The Benefits of Structure Human learning, problem solving, and memory are greatly facilitated by meaningful structure. Beneficial for task concepts computer concepts syntactic details of command languages Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 19. Abbreviation Strategies 1. Simple truncation: The first, second, third, etc. letters of each command. 2. Vowel drop with simple truncation: Eliminate vowels and use some of what remains. 3. First and last letter: Since the first and last letters are highly visible, use them. 4. First letter of each word in a phrase: Use with a hierarchical design plan. 5. Standard abbreviations from other contexts: Use familiar abbreviations. 6. Phonics: Focus attention on the sound. Source: Shneiderman, B. Designing the User Interface Marko Nieminen
  • 20. LIPUT HELS TENN 2 1701 1830 ONNEN VARJOT
  • 21. Palveluja komentokielellä: tekstiviestit tilaukset (näyte, koeajo, kirja, lehti, esite jne) ilmainen/maksettavissa tekstiviestillä liittymiset jäseneksi, kanta-asiakkaaksi, postituslistalle yms asiakasrekistereiden kerääminen kilpailuihin vastaaminen, äänestykset, kyselyt myyntiliidien hankkiminen palautekanava lukijalle/kuluttajalle tiedottaminen, kutsu tilaisuuteen - ryhmätekstiviesti markkinointi – jalostetut paluuviestit asiakkaalle/kuluttajalle Mobiililla on usein tukirooli - nopea ja helposti mitattava. Lähde: Nieminen, H. Marko Nieminen
  • 22. TKK:n kirjaston mobiilipalvelut Omien lainojen selaaminen Lainojen uusiminen Maksujen maksaminen Eräpäivämuistutukset tekstiviestillä Saapumisilmoitukset varatuista teoksista tekstiviestillä http://lib.tkk.fi/fi/palvelut/lainaus/mobiili/index.html Marko Nieminen
  • 23. TKK:n kirjaston mobiilipalvelut Rekisteröityminen palvelun PIN-koodin tarkistaminen käyttäjäksi TKKPIN TKKREK kirjastokortinnumero pin- PIN-koodin vaihtaminen koodi SUKUNIMI TKKPIN vanhapin uusipin Lista lainassa olevista kirjoista Maksujen maksaminen TKKLAINAT TKKSAKKO Kaikkien uusittavissa olevien lainojen uusiminen Ohjeita palvelun käyttämiseksi TKKUUSI TKK Automaattisten eräpäiväilmoitusten tilanteen tarkistaminen Viestit lähetetään numeroon TKKILMO 16579 http://lib.tkk.fi/fi/ohjeet/oppaat/palvelut/mobiili ohje.html Marko Nieminen
  • 24. Luonnollisen kielen käyttöliittymä Lipunvaraukset voit tehdä myös puhelimitse: Finnkino Kinolippu 0600 007 007 (0,99€/puh + pvm) klo 8 – 20 Dialogi- ja komentokielisuunnittelun periaatteita tarvitaan kirjoitettujen komentokielien lisäksi myös puhepohjaisten palvelujen rakentamiseksi Marko Nieminen