MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

1. MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
SMS ??????
Dr. Mohanad r. alwan

2. EXTERNAL GENITALIA
OF THE MALE
PENIS
TESTIS
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS

4. EXTERNAL GENITALIA

5. PENIS
• Male organ of
copulation
• Outlet for urine
and semen

6. PENIS
• male organ through
which the urethra
passes
• and is necessary for
urination and sexual
intercourse.

7. PENIS
• Root
• Body
• Glans Penis
• Anterior –
Dorsal surface
• Posterior –
Ventral surface

8. ROOT OF THE PENIS
• The root is attached
to the abdominal and
pelvic wall.
• Crura – a pair
• Bulb

9. ROOT OF THE
PENIS
• midline
• urogenital diaphragm
• traversed by urethra

10. BODY : 3 ERECTILE CAVERNOUS
TISSUE
2 corpus
cavernosum
1 corpus
spongiosum
tunica albuginea
in buck’s fascia
(superficial fascia)

11. BODY – CROSS SECTION

12. Ischial
tuberosity
Corpus
cavernosum
Corpus
spongiosum
Fig. : A. Penis. B. Cross section through the body of penis BackBack
BODY

14. BODY

15. GLANS
PENIS
 Distal end of the
corpus spongiosum
 2 Corpus
cavernosum do not
reach the glans
 Base – Corona of
Glans
 Neck of penis
Corpus
cavernosum
Corpus
spongiosum

16. GLANS PENIS
 external urethral
meatus
 prepuce
connected to the
glans by the
frenulum
 prepuce sac
 prepuce glands
(sebaceous
glands)
 smegma

18. GLANS PENIS
Fossa navicularis –
part of urethra in the
glans penis

20. VENOUS DRAINAGE
INTERNAL PUDENDAL VEINS
VESICOPROSTATIC PLEXUS

23. Lymphatic drainage - Penis
 Skin into the medial
group of the superficial
inguinal LN
 Deep structures into
the internal iliac nodes

24. Male Urethra
A tubular structure which conducts urine from the bladder to
the exterior at the external urinary meatus at the tip of the
penis
In male it is a common pathway for the flow of urine and
semen
Parts
Internal urethral meatus
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra – the shortest and narrowest – from
the prostate gland to the bulb of the penis, after passing
through the perineal membrane
The penile urethra lies in the corpus spongiosum of the
penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice in the
glans penis

25. Two urethral sphincters
The internal sphincter –
smooth muscle at the neck of
the bladder above the prostate
gland
The external sphincter –
striated muscle fibres
surrounding the membranous
part

26. » Outpouching of the
lower part of the
anterior abdominal
wall
» Contains testes,
epididymis, lower
ends of the spermatic
cord

27. •The scrotum is a loose
pouch of skin that
hangs outside the body
from the lower
abdominal region
behind the penis.
•The testes sit inside
the scrotum.
What is the scrotum?

28. The Testes (two egg-
shaped structures) remain
in the Scrotum, outside the
body, where the
temperature is about 3
degrees C Cooler than the
body internal temperature
(37 degrees C).
Sperm development in the
Testes Requires the Lower
Temperature.

30. 1. Scrotal skin
2. Superficial or Dartos fascia
3. External spermatid fascia
4. Cremaster muscle & fascia
5. Internal spermatid fascia
6. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
7. Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
8. Tunica albuginea of testis
Fig. : Cross section through scrotum & testis
8 layers covering the testis :
(External oblique apo)
(Internal oblique muscle & fascia)
(Transversalis fascia)
(Peritoneum)
(Peritoneum)

31. Spermatid cord
Contents
- Ductus deferens
- Testicular artery
- Artery of the
ductus deferens
- Cremasteric artery
- Pampiniform
plexus
- Sympathetic nerve
fibres
- Genital branch of
the genitofemoral
nerve
- Lymphatic vessels

32. Lymphatic drainage -scrotum
 Skin and fascia
including the tunica
vaginalis into the
Medial group of the
Superficial inguinal
LN
 Deep structures into
the internal iliac
nodes

34. Firm, mobile organ
In the scrotum (3°
lower)
Left testis is lower
Surrounded by
tunica albuginea
Testis

35. BackBack
TESTIS - CAPSULE
 visceral layer of
tunica vaginalis
 tunica albuginea
 tunica
vasculosa

36. Dense fibroelastic
conn. tissue
Network of
blood vessels
TESTIS – CAPSULE

37. BackBack
Accumulation of urine & blood
(straddle injury) in the cavity
of tunica vaginalis

38. TESTIS
Lobules
Seminiferous
tubules
Straight tubules
Rete Testis
Efferent Ductules

40. BackBack
TESTIS –PAMPINIFORM
PLEXUS
 Venous plexus (posterior border of the testis)
 level of deep inguinal ring – a single testicular veins
 left into left renal vein & right into IVC

41. BLOOD SUPPLY
TESTICULAR
ARTERIES
TESTICULAR
VEINS

42. Lymphatic drainage - testis
 para-aortic lymph nodes
 anastomosis with para-aortic
intrathoracic LN
 cervical LN
TESTIS NECK

46. EPIDIDYMIS
All sperm must pass
through the epididymis
when they leave the
testis and undergo an
important 'maturation'
process that allows
them to swim and
fertilize the egg.

47. What is the epididymis?
Highly coiled tube (or duct) that lies at
the back of the testes
(POSTEROLATERAL)
Connects the seminiferous tubules in
the testis to another single tube called
the vas deferens.

48. Lies posterolateral to
the testis
Head, body, tail
Sinus epididymis -
laterally
(groove between the
testis and
epididymis)
EPIDIDYMIS

50. What is the vas deferens?
• the tube that connects the
epididymis to the urinary
tract (urethra) at the back
of the bladder, via the
ejaculatory duct.
• The main function of the
vas deferens and
ejaculatory duct is to
transport the mature
sperm and seminal fluid
to the urethra.

51. Vas deferens – scrotal portions
• Anatomical
location: scrotal,
inguinal and
reproperitoneal
portions.
• ascends along the
posterior border of
the testis and
medial side of the
epididymis
(posteromedial to
the testis)

52. Vas deferens – inguinal portion
• curves around the
lateral side of the
inferior epigastric
artery
• and ascends for
about 2.5 cm. in
front of the external
iliac artery

53. Vas deferens – pelvic cavity
• Descends on the medial side of the obliterated
umbilical artery and the obturator nerve and vessels

54. VAS DEFERENS

55. VASECTOMY

56. » a tube that is formed by
the joining of the vas
deferens and the duct
of the seminal vesicle.
» empties into the
urethra.

57. Seminal vesicles
Fibromuscular pouches lined with columnar
epithelium
Lie on the posterior aspect of the bladder
Lower end : a duct  joins vas deferens and forms an
ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory ducts pass through prostatic urethra carrying
seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra
The seminal vesicles secrete and expel a viscous fluid
that helps to keep the spermatozoa alive

59. » main function is to produce a fluid
which protects and enriches sperm.
» Secretions from the prostate
contribute to approximately 40% of
the fluid volume ( SEMEN) of the
ejaculate however the functions of
the substances in the prostatic fluid
are not entirely known.
» a small yet important organ (or
gland) found only in the male
reproductive system.

60. LOCATION OF THE PROSTATE
Urinary
bladder
PROSTATE
Urogenital
diaphragm
* Lies in the lesser
pelvis (pelvic
cavity)
* Surrounds the
prostatic urethra
* Beneath the urinary bladder
and above the urogenital
diaphragm
Fig. : Sagittal
section
Fig. : Posterior view

61. LOBES OF THE PROSTATE
 Anatomically, prostate are divided
into 5 lobes :
1) One anterior lobe
2) One posterior lobe
3) One median or middle lobe
4) Two lateral lobes

62. PROSTATE GLAND
LOBES
• 1 anterior lobe
• 1 posterior lobe
• 1 median lobe
• 2 lateral lobes
Anatomically
divide
Prostatic urethra &
ejaculatory duct

63. CAPSULES OF THE PROSTATE
 Prostate is surrounded by 2 capsules
 They are the true capsule and false capsule
Prostatic urethra
Glands of urethra
Prostatic
sinus
Urethra
crest
Prostatic
venous
plexus
True capsule
False capsule
• Inner layer
• A thin strong
layer of
connective
tissue at the
periphery of
the gland
• Outer layer
• A condensation of
pelvic fascia
• between the 2
capsules
Horizontal section

64. ANOTHER CLASSIFICATION OF THE
PROSTATE
 Prostate consists of:
1) Peripheral zone
2) Central zone
 The glandular tissues is distributed in 3
separated groups:
a) Mucosal glands
b) Submucosal glands
c) Main or principal glands

65. Fig. : Cross section of the prostate
CENTRAL ZONE
PERIPHERAL
ZONE
• account for
25% to 75% of
glandular
tissues
• duct of the
glands mainly
open into
prostatic
sinuses
• surrounded
by peripheral
zone
• duct of the
glands open
into prostatic
sinuses and
colliculus
seminalis
BackBack

66. Mucosal
glands
Submucosal glands
Main/Principal
glands
Fig. : Cross section of the
prostate

67. Mucosal glands
• inner periurethral
glands
• lies in the mucosal
layer of the urethra
• open directly into
the urethra
• situated in the
middle lobe
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

68. Submucosal glands
• outer periurethral glands
• surrounds the mucosal glands
Fig. : Cross section of the
prostate

69. Main or principal
glands
• lies
peripherally
• constitute the
bulk of the
glands
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

70. •Site of origin
for carcinoma of
the prostate
• Main glands
•Benign prostatic
hyperplasia
• Mucosal and
submucosal glands
Clinical significance :Clinical significance :
PERIPHERAL
ZONE
CENTRAL
ZONE

71. • The tubuloalveolar glands of the
prostate are formed by a cuboidal
or a columnar pseudostratified
epithelium.
• An exceptionally rich
fibromuscular stroma surrounds the
glands.
• The prostate is surrounded by a
fibroelastic capsule rich in smooth
muscle. Septa from this capsule
penetrate the gland and divide it
into lobes that are indistinct in
adult men.

74. Prostatic urethra - verumontanum
Transurethral resection – verumontanum
(colliculus seminalis) is an important landmark
Most distal landmark of the prostate during TURP
procedure

75. Venous drainage of the prostate
dorsal veins
of the penis
Deep
Superficial
Fascia of
the penis
False capsule
Internal iliac vein
Vesicoprostat
e venous
plexus
Sacral
venous
plexus
Vertebral
venous plexus

76. VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE
PROSTATE
Vesicoprostatic
venous plexus
• located between the true and false capsules
• run at the groove between bladder and
prostate
Deep dorsal veins of
the penis
b) Vertebral venous plexus
‘No valve’
(also communicate)
a) Internal iliac vein
(receive)
(drain
backward)
C/I :
Spread of prostate cancer
Vertebral column, Thoracic cavity,
Skull and Brain

77. The importance of
Denonvilliers’s fascia in
surgery :
• Demarcation line between the prostate
and the rectum
• Prevents the spread of cancer cells
between the prostate and the rectum