5. Established interaction analysis systems
Flanders (Flanders 1960)
FLint (Moskowitz 1971)
FOCUS (Fanselow 1977)
TALOS (Ullman and Geva 1982)
COLT (Allen, Frohlich and Spada 1984)
SCORE(Acheson and Gall 1987)
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6. Flanders's Interaction Analysis
Moskowitz’s FLint (Foreign Language
Interaction system)
Corpus analysis
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7. Flanders’s system of interaction analysis
is an observational tool used to classify
the verbal behavior of teachers and
students as they interact in the classroom.
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8. Teacher’s Accepts feeling
talk Indirect Praises or encourages
Influence Accepts or uses ideas of student
Asks questions
Direct Lectures
Influence Gives directions
Criticises or justifies authority
Student’s responses
talk initiation
Silence Silence or confusion
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9. Teacher’s Deals with feelings
talk Praises or encourages
Jokes
Indirect
Uses ideas if students
Influence
Repeats students response
verbatim
Asks questions
Direct Give information
Influence Corrects without rejection
Gives directions
Directs pattern drills
Criticises students behaviour
Criticises students response
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11. • Frequency and native-speaker vocabulary size
• The most frequent words and the core
vocabulary
• Their usage
discourse marker
(you know, I mean, well, so…)
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12. a word or phrase that is relatively
syntax-independent
a somewhat empty meaning
Ex) oh, well, now, then,
you know, I mean, etc.
a symbol of nativity
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13. Interjections and Frequency
discourse particles
yeah 834
oh 684
no 662
yes 606
mm 330
ah 99
출처: 100- million- word BNC corpus
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14. Discourse marker Frequency
and 141206
but 41534
so 10071
oh 35526
well 33930
출처: most frequent words: 5-million-word CANCODE spoken corpus
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15. 4
3.5
3
2.5
2 Native
1.5 Korean
1
0.5
0
yeah like You know well I mean okay
출처: 1분당 사용한 담화표지어의 빈도 (김광민, 2006)
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16. • 담화 표지어의 기능: so를 중심으로
• find the difference of frequency
• find the difference of its use
<한국인 학습자가 사용하지 않는 so 용법>
• 다른 이야기를 하다가 원래 주제로 돌아갈 때
• 새로운 주제를 제안 할 때
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17. • 담화 표지어의 기능: well을 중심으로
• find the difference of frequency
• find the difference of its use
<한국인 학습자가 사용하지 않는 well 용법>
• 유보표현
• 선행 발화에서 언급된 주제를 받아서 이어갈 때
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18. • 대화 속에서 담화 표지어 찾기
• 의의) 담화 표지어는 담화의 내적 의사전
달에 직접적으로 관여를 하지 않지만 의
도된 의미의 전달을 원활하게 하여 의사
소통의 상호작용을 높이는데 기여
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19. 가. 교실 담화 분석과 관련된 이론
Interaction Hypothesis
Natural Approach
Input Hypothesis
나. 교실 담화 분석하는 방법
Flanders's Interaction Analysis
Moskowitz’s FLint
Corpus analysis
다. 담화 표지어(Discourse Marker)
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