Йорн Шиманн
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Презентация для круглого стола «Архитектурная политика: как строить качественные жилые комплексы» Конференция «Города и территории завтра: инструментарий позитивных перемен» Воронеж, 21 апреля 2016
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Йорн Шиманн
- 1. Voronezh Urban Conference schiemann weyers architects
- 2. rotterdam city centre центр Роттердама
- 3. rotterdam city centre центр Роттердама
- 4. rotterdam city centre центр Роттердама
- 5. defining the ambition / defining the future определение амбиций / определение будущего defining an ambition is necessary to achieve a consensus between all parties concerned with the process of urban developement the urban vision, deriving from the ambitions of the different parties, is an instrument to get political and economical support for spatial plan- ning and to achieve social accep- tance for the necessary measures 5 Определение амбиций (намерений) необходимо для достижения консенсуса между всеми сторонами, вовлечёнными в процесс городского развития. Концепция развития, в основе которой лежат амбиции различных сторон, является ин- струментом для получения политической, кономической и социальной поддержки градостроительных программ.
- 6. clean trade city colourful international significant skyline modern european metropole intercultural image young working population highly educated people sustainable industrial organizations innovative entrepreneurs professional people inhabitants events exhibitions cultural experiments film music culture city to live in cozyness and quality valuable public space connection with water wide range of housing typologies living / housing youth sport schools culture playing education concerned solidarity pride history source of inspiration identification high level public transport bicycle watertaxi’s inner city train sustainable mobility living at the waterside park city strolling water recreation great views spatial quality
- 7. rotterdam city centre центр Роттердама
- 8. ульяновск - концепция развития ulyanovsk - urban vision urban vision ulyanovsk 2009
- 9. sizes of city-blocks in comparison with... сравнение размеров кварталов с ... ulyanovsk moscow paris amsterdam manhattan NY barcelona По сравнению с другими метрополиями, городские кварталы Ульяновска обладают слишком большим размером модуля, что означает огромную нехватку внятных общественных пространств.
- 10. city centre public and semi-public space центр города общественное и полуобщественное пространство present situation Нет четкого деления между общественным и частным пространством, вся территория имеет своего рода полу- общественный статус. Не ясно, кто должен заботиться о создании качественной среды и кто должен чувствовать от- ветственность за поддержание порядка. В связи с тем, что общественного пространства очень много, его модернизация будет очень дорого стоить.
- 11. new sizes of city-blocks new development is forced to build upon the ‘red line’ В новой структуре городских кварталов существует четкое разделение между общественным и частным. Новое строи- тельство должно вестись вдоль красных линий - границ городских кварталов. city centre public space new size of city-blocks центр города общественное пространство при новом размере кварталов
- 12. city centre new size of city-blocks and block regulations центр города новый размер кварталов и правила их застройки 1 2 Дальнейшая трансформация существующей городской структуры должна проводиться в соответствии с определённы- ми регламентом. Для того чтобы проиллюстрировать этот процесс мы выбрали два характерных фрагмента городского центра.
- 13. 1. typical city-block äç äç 4äç äç 3äç 5äÜ 2äÜ äç äç Ü ä äç ç 2äÜ ·.Ú. äç 2äÜ 4äÜ ä ·.Ú. 5äÜ äç åç 5äÜ 5äÜ 3äÜ äÜ2ä ä ä ä çäç 4äÜ äÜ 5äÜ äç äç 4äÜ 3äÜ 2ä äç äç 2äÜ 5äÜ 4äÜ äç 12äÜ äÜ ä äç ä äç ·.Ú. 5äÜ 3äç 3äÜ 5äÜ 5äÜ äç äç ä ä äç 9äÜ ä 2äÜ 5äÜ 5äÜ äç 9äÜ 9äÜ ä äç å äç 2. defining functions / importance of buildings 3. relevant buildings 4.splitting the city-block according to existing infra- network city centre definition new size of city-blocks and block regulations (1) центр города новый размер кварталов и правила их застройки (1) Рис. 1 Типичный городской квартал. Рис. 2 Определение функционального назначения и ценности существующих зда- ний. Рис. 3 Значимые сооружения создают каркас для последующего развития. Рис. 4 Деление квартала на основе предыдущей схемы и определение новых линий регулирования застройки (красных линий).
- 14. 8. possible building activity according to guide lines, clearly delineating between public and private space 6. new intersections according to guide lines, maximi- zing the public realm 7. possible building activity according to guide lines, clearly delineating between public and private space 5. possible building activity according to new block sizes, clearly delineating between public and private space city centre definition new size of city-blocks and block regulations (1) центр города новый размер кварталов и правила их застройки (1) Рис. 5 Возможные зоны застройки, четко разграничивающие общественные и частные пространства. Рис. 6 Новые переулки, добавляемые в соответствии с регламентом, ещё больше увеличивают общественную зону. Рис. 7/8 Конверт потенциальной застройки, полученный на основании регламента. Общественные и частные пространства чётко разгра- ничены. Выявлено большое количество новых участков под застройку.
- 15. rotterdam city centre, consolidation of city blocks центр Роттердама, уплотнение городских кварталов
- 16. contemporary russian city planning пример «пустых» улиц
- 17. master plan oktyabrskiy генеральный план Октябрьского
- 18. ambition master plan oktyabrskiy: low rise living environment амбиции мастер-плана Октябрьского: гумманный масштаб среды
- 19. density 2.2 100 m. 0 100 m. 100 m. 0 100 m. footprint� site� FAR ca. 3000 m2 (5 storey)� ca. 7500 m2� 2.0 Rotterdam Bergpolder� perimeter block footprint� site� FAR ca. 600 m2 (9 storey)� ca. 4250 m2� 1.3 Rotterdam Bergpolder� Bergpolderflat Rotterdam Bergpolder perimeter block footprint site FAR ca. 3000 m2 (5 storey) ca. 7500 m2 2.0 0 100 m. 0 100 m. 0 100 m. 0 100 m. footprint� site� FAR ca. 3000 m2 (5 storey)� ca. 7500 m2� 2.0 Rotterdam Bergpolder� perimeter block footprint� site� FAR ca. 600 m2 (9 storey)� ca. 4250 m2� 1.3 Rotterdam Bergpolder� BergpolderflatRotterdam Bergpolder bergpolderflat footprint site FAR ca. 600 m2 (9 storey) ca. 4250 m2 1.3 75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare Fig.: spatial models based on the same density houses maisonettes apartments community facilities 75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare плотность
- 20. плотность при многоэтажной строчной и малоэтажной квартальной застройке одинакова equal density
- 21. парковка при традиционной организации участка и при квартальной застройке lay out of parking
- 22. количество проезжей части при квартальной застройке меньше amount of asphalt
- 23. периметральная застройка наилучшим образом позволяет формировать комфортную городскую среду car free courtyard environment, enhanced care by inhabitants
- 24. парковка и входы в здания доступны из публичного пространства, двор закрыт для посторонних address to public space, protection of landscaped environment
- 25. зона социального контроля social control
- 26. investment strategy and phasing / differentiation крупные единовременные инвестиции или возможность строительства небольшими очередями
- 27. the perimeter block re-introduces classic urban elements: street, courtyard, square and park квартальная застройка позволяет вернуть архетипы: улица, двор, площадь, сквер и парк
- 28. Prospekt Lenina Moskovskiy Prospekt 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects 45m55m 65m 195 general structure master plan for okyabrskiy development планировочная структуры района в Октябрьском
- 29. possible differentiation of perimeter development периметральная застройка не означает: «один квартал - одно здание» 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects 07 08 04 05 06 03 02 01 09
- 30. spatial differentiation of perimeter ensembles варианты квартальной застройки квартальная застройка позволяет размещать различные по высоте и типологии здания: - это могут быть отдельно стоящие и блокированные секции; - многоквартирные и одноквартирные дома; - квартальная застройка формирует активные и благоустроенные фронты улиц; в зданиях обращенных фасадами к улицам могут быть размещён широкий спектр культурно-бытовых и социальных услуг
- 31. 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects 07 08 04 05 06 03 02 01 09 courtyards spatial diversity of courtyarts различные размеры и конфигурации дворов
- 32. landscaping courtyards in participation with inhabitants благоустройство дворов - с участивем архитектора и с учетом мнения жителей
- 33. the red lines are deviating from the building lines, creating a transition zone красные линии и линии регулирования застройки не совпадают, создавая буфферную зону 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects red lines 07A 07B 07C 08A 08B 08C 04C 04B 04A 01A 01B 01C 02A 02B 02C 03C 03B 03A 06C 06B 06A 09B 09A 05BC 05A 198 40 78 22 103 22 78 144,5 22 103 22 103 42,7 23,5 23,5 198 22 198 'spartacus' (incl. margin zones) 4B 04A 01A 01B 01C 02A 02B 02C 05BC 198 40 23,5 198 22 198
- 34. intermediate area between building and public space палисадники вдоль улиц - интерфейс между застройкой и открытым пространством
- 35. Периметральная застройка четко, без каких-либо заборов, определяет частное и публичное пространство. Данный тип застройки позволяет формировать не только замкнутые дворы, но и парки общего пользования, которые, тем не менее, сохраняют характер принадлежности к примыкающим домам. Небольшой размер кварталов, а также транзитные проходы сквозь застройку обеспечивают хорошую транспортно- пешеходную связность территории. - - 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects 07 08 04 05 06 03 02 01 09 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects 07 08 04 05 06 03 02 01 09 distance from windows 12m pink elephant� location finder system of parks and playgrounds система открытых пространств, парков и площадок
- 36. 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects rainwater� quantitative Планируется использовать систему очистки поверхностного стока с помощью биофильтров. Сток свободно распределяется по рельефу, стекает в понижения и улавливается специальными прудами-отстойниками, заселёнными макрофитами — растениями, задерживающими и перерабатывающими загрязнения, принесённые поверхностным стоком с городских территорий. open water managment / retention areas система открытых пространств, парков и площадок
- 37. commercial / communal premises along pocket park advertising integrated into the architecture / within building structure commercial premises on building corners (corner shop) collective entrance hall, set back accessibility, margin zone used to compensate the slope elevated housing on first floor urban plinth решения первых этажей
- 38. hierarchy of streets иерархия улиц 0 50 200m schiemann weyers architects length main road� length boulevard� length secondary road� total length roads (m1) 2.628 312 1.821 4.762 surface main road� surface secondary road� total surface roads� � surface parking� total surface (sqm) 18.569 11.114 29.683 � 16.350 46.033 94 119 94 94 94 119 94 94 118 119 119 119 95 104 107 119 243 313 458 439 218 219 207 73 458 312 312 119
- 39. hierarchy of streets: collage secondary street иерархия улиц: коллаж жилой улицы
- 40. - tolerate paving - tree pits position to street and soil - decorative autumn colours decorative values - street tree or avenue tree - regular distance position in urban scheme - preferable half open crown crown - taller than 12 meters - broad ovoid shape, space-forming shape and height - tolerate paving- landscape design - private initiative - decorative value - random position- diverse crown, transparency- possible diverse shapes and heights - depending on landscape design - (partly) tolerate paving / hard ground - decorative autumn colours- street tree or avenue tree - regular distance - dark, dense crown- broad vase-shaped - taller than 12 meters street linear park (boulevard) ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped broad ovoid ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping secondary street (path) withstands hard surfaces withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soilvariegated leaf grey leaf columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad ovoid coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil can be planted in dry soil can be planted in wet soilred leaf yellow leaf variegated leaf grey leaf oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil for sandy soil for peaty soil columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown light, open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid sensitive to frost sensitive to wind resistant to de-icing salt park tree coastal region ornamental flower withstands hard surfaces avenue tree street tree small garden landscape industrial area ornamental fruit ornamental autumn colour withstands semi-hard surfaces does not withstands hard surfaces for clay soil for calcareous / chalky soil columnar oval rounded / spherical flattened spherical narrow conical / narrow pyramidal broad conical / broad pyramidal ovoid / egg-shaped narrow fan-shaped / inverted ovoid fan-shaped / vase-shaped broad fan-shaped / broad vase-shaped dark, dense crown half open crown 1 2 3 3, smaller than 6 metres 2, between 6 and 12 metres 1, taller than 12 metres small weeping broad weeping broad ovoid landscaping / street profiles ландшафтный дизайн / профили улиц
- 41. supervision on architecture надзор за архитектурой (Д.А. Винкельман)
- 42. building site Oktyabrskiy строительство Октябрьского
- 43. schiemann weyers architects van nelleweg 1 postbus 13065 NL 3004 HB rotterdam tel. +31 (0)10 7503888 fax +31 (0)10 7503697 office@schiemannweyers.eu www.schiemannweyers.eu kvk rotterdam nr. 24408722 btw nr. 8175.41.913 bankrek.nr. NL53 INGB 0002887241