1. BACK TO THE PROPERTIES OF LIFE CELLS REPRODUCTION METABOLISM- USE OF ENERGY HEREDITY RESPONSIVENESS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNAL BALANCE

2. THIS TIME WE ARE TALKING ABOUT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Which begins in our cells

3. Since we just finished learning about chloroplasts (photosynthesis) and mitochondria (respiration), we are now moving on to another cell organelle: the nucleus .

4. Some questions to start us off…take a moment to try to answer #1-4 with your table partner How High?! JUMP! It’s the Control Center of the Cell- directs all cells activity Think back to the cell/the city What is the job of the Nucleus?

5. What’s in the nucleus? THE NUCLEOLUS So then we can say that the Nucleus makes proteins Let’s take a deeper look And what is the job of the nucleolus? To make ribosomes And what do ribosomes do for the cell? They make protein!

17. Now that you know all about DNA…you need to figure out how it does its job! ALL CELLS CONTINUALLY DIVIDE WHEN THEY DO, THE DNA REPLICATES (COPIES ITSELF) SO THAT EACH NEW CELL HAS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO RUN THE CELLS ACTIVITIES Without the DNA, the cell would not be able to function!

19. Cedar Rapids

20. Cedar Rapids Iowa 2008

21. So, How does DNA Replicate? YOU TELL ME! JOURNAL TITLE “DNA REPLICATION” (after a bit of cutting and learning on your own please write out the answers to the questions on page 3 of your packet. Then write a journal entry describing the detailed process of DNA replication ) DNA SNIPPING ACTIVITY

23. Open your journal and write a description of DNA replication when you have completed the DNA replication assignment.

29. What do you think would happen if a mistake occurred during DNA replication? Let’s think!

30. WE WILL GET A MUTATION! Mutations that occur during DNA replication are called… POINT MUTATIONS

32. What causes mutations?

34. How many people do you know who smoke? 1 out of every 3 tobacco users will die from a tobacco related illness. Think for a second and count them .

35. Tobacco Stinks Sucks Smells And KILLS

36. In the dentist’s office, why do they place a lead apron over a person’s lap? They want to protect the reproductive organs. If a mutation occurs in the reproductive organs, it may end up disfiguring a future child, or worse.

39. 6. Nuclear radiation

40. Things that cause mutations are called Mutagens

43. So what exactly is this disease?

44. Cancer is a disease where cells begin to divide by mitosis uncontrollably. A mutation(s) can occur in one single cell, and by the process of mitosis it can grow into tens of thousands or more cells in a relatively short period of time.

45. What forms when a cell has undergone mitosis uncontrollably for a while in one central spot? A Tumor

46. Cancer Treatments 1. Surgerical removal of cancer

47. 2. Chemotherapy- Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells or make them less active. 3. Radiation- uses high-energy waves, such as X-rays (invisible waves that can pass through most parts of the body), to damage and destroy cancer cells.

48. 4. Another option is a STEM CELL TRANPLANT Radiation and anti-cancer drugs are very good at destroying cancer cells, but unfortunately they also destroy healthy cells. http://www.leapingmedia.com/Media/TransplantAnimation.mov

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53. WHAT ARE SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DNA AND RNA? DNA Has thymine Deoxyribonucleic acid Double Helix RNA Has Uracil Ribonucleic acid Single stranded

54. A-----U in RNA Ants on Utters (instead of Ants on Toast)! This is utterly ridiculous! Guanine still pairs with Cytosine (Green Cheese)

58. So, How does Protein Synthesis work? YOU TELL ME! (after a bit of cutting and learning on your own please write out a step by step process for how this occurs) MORE SNIPPING ACTIVITY YES AGAIN!

60. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS SUMMARY STEP 1: Transcription WHERE: In the nucleus WHAT: RNA polymerase does its jobs: Splits DNA strand. RNA copies recipe from DNA strand. DNA strand zips up again. mRNA now newly formed prepares to leave the nucleus. STEP 2: Translation WHERE: On the ribosome WHAT: mRNA sits on ribosome with its codons exposed. tRNA anticodons match with the codons bringing with them amino acids. Amino acids link. tRNA go away. Amino acid chain (aka polypeptides) forms protein.