4. Puerto Rico
Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493
following Columbus' second voyage to the
Americas.
In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule
Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result
of the Spanish-American War.
5. Puerto Ricans were granted US
citizenship in 1917.
Popularly-elected governors have
served since 1948.
In 1952, a constitution was enacted
providing for internal self government.
In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and
1998, voters chose to retain
commonwealth status.
Three options for the future?
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.html
6.
7. In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the
United States with the Treaty of Paris.
In 1902, the United States granted Cuba
its independence as promised with the
Teller Amendment.
The US retained the right to intervene to
preserve Cuban independence and
stability with the Platt Amendment.
The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as
well, a naval base we still have control of
today.
In 1934, the Platt Amendment was
repealed.
12. Mckinley’s Dilemma: What to do
with the Philippines?
“…there was nothing left for us to do but to
take them all, and to educate the Filipinos,
and uplift and civilize and Christianize
them, and by God's grace do the very best
we could by them, as our fellow-men for
whom Christ also died.”
13.
14.
15. Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
declared Philippine
independence from
Spain on June 12,
1898
After the Spanish-
American War, the
US took over the
islands for $20 million
in the 1898 Treaty of
Paris
16. Philippine-American War
The Philippine–American War broke out
after the Filipinos realized that the US
would not give them independence
It ended with American control over the
islands
12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians die-
Some contend US committed genocide
4,165 US soldiers dead
17.
18.
19. In 1935, the Philippines was granted
Commonwealth status.
Plans for independence over the next
decade were interrupted by World War II
when the Japanese invaded and took
them over
Allied troops defeated the Japanese in
1945.
On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained
its independence
20. China
By the late 1800’s, it
was looking as if
China would be
carved up like Africa
had been
China wanted to
prevent this from
happening
26. Teddy Roosevelt’s Presidency
Assumed Presidency after McKinley was
killed
Roosevelt the Peacemaker
Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905
Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts
Panama Canal
Roosevelt Corollary
27.
28. Russo-Japanese War
1904-1905
Japan shocked the world by defeating
Russia
Treaty of Portsmouth
Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin
Island from Russia
Japan took over Russian interests in
Manchuria and Korea
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43. The Panama Canal
A canal across Panama had been desired
for a long time. Why?
France had started constructing a canal
but gave up due to costs and disease
In 1903, US buys French company’s route
for $40 million
Before starting, US had to get permission
from Colombia which controlled Panama
44.
45. Panama Canal
Colombia refused to allow US entry
With support from the US, Panama revolted
against Colombia
On November 3, 1903, Panama declared
independence from Colombia
US and Panama then signed canal deal where
US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of
$250,000
This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?
46. Panama Canal Construction
One of the biggest engineering undertakings
ever
Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)
Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove
Over 43,000 workers helped build canal
5,600 workers dies
Cost US $380 million
Opened on August 15, 1914
47. The Roosevelt Corollary
It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
Said that the US would be the police
officer between Latin America and Europe
The US would use force to protect
interests in Latin America
48. “Speak Softly and Carry a Big
Stick”--Big Stick Diplomacy
“Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big
Stick” diplomacy.
What does this mean?
Look at examples
55. Dollar Diplomacy-President Taft
Using the US government to guarantee
loans made to foreign countries by US
banks and businesses
Economic imperialism
US banks were in control of many
businesses in Latin America
US said it was needed to keep European
powers out of Latin America
“Substituting dollars for bullets”
56.
57.
58. President Woodrow Wilson
Practiced “missionary diplomacy”
US would not recognize any government that
was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile
toward the US
Mexican government was overthrown by
General Victoriano Huerta
Wilson refused to recognize “a government of
butchers”
Wilson practiced “watchful waiting” in dealing
with Huerta
59.
60.
61. President Woodrow Wilson
US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz
after Huerta arrested some Americans sailors
War was extremely close until Argentina,
Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle
conflict
Huerta rejected the plan but his government
collapsed shortly thereafter
Venustiano Carranza became President
Wilson recognized his government
62. Pancho Villa
At first was pro-American but soon changed
after President Carranza asked US to control
Mexican mines
Killed dozens of US citizens on two different
occasions(once on US soil)
President Wilson ordered General John
Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico
and capture Villa
Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with
Pershing’s forces
By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)
63.
64.
65.
66. Questions
How do think Latin American countries
viewed the United States at this time?
Why?
Why did the US intervene in Latin America
all the time?
Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”,
“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.
67. President McKinley’s Assassination
Killed by Leon
Czolgosz(Cholgosh)
He was an anarchist
that wanted all leader to
be wiped out
Hoped to promote the
anarchist movement
Last statement: "I killed
the President because
he was the enemy of
the good people-the
good working people. I
am not sorry for my
crime."