The document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology, outlining key concepts such as anatomical position, body cavities, homeostasis, and levels of organization. It defines anatomy and physiology and describes the basic functions of the human body including movement, growth, digestion, and excretion. The reading also explains homeostasis and feedback systems that help maintain stable internal body conditions.

1. Introduction to Human Anatomy and
Physiology

2. Mr. Hunter
09/20/2012
• Objective(s)
• SWBAT
• Name the orientations of the anatomical position
• Name and identify the body cavities
• Bell Ringer: Define Homeostasis.

3. Exit Question(s)
1. List the levels of organization of a living
organism.
2. Name the two parts of the Serous Membrane

4. • Anatomy – the structure of body parts (also called
Morphology)
• Physiology – the function of the body parts, what
they do and how they do it

5. • Movement - self initiated change in position,
motion of internal parts
• Responsiveness (irritability) - Ability to sense
changes within, or around the organism and react
to them
• Growth - increase in body size
• Reproduction - Parents produce offspring /
producing new individuals
• Respiration - Obtaining oxygen (O2), using it to
release energy from food substances, and getting
rid of wastes

6. • Digestion - Chemically changing (breaking down)
food substances, and getting rid of wastes
• Absorption - Passage of Digested products (food
substances) through membranes and into body
fluids
• Circulation - Movement of substances throughout
the body
• Assimilation - Changing absorbed substances
into chemically different substances
• Excretion - Removal of wastes

7. • I am walking to Mcdonalds (movement)
• I stop at the traffic light (response)
• My body is growing (growth)
• I am breathing air (respiration)
• I get a hamburger and eat it (digestion)
• My body absorbs the hamburger (absorption)
• The hamburger circulates in my body (circulation)
• The hamburger is changed to things my body
needs (assimilation)
• Eventually, I go to the bathroom (excretion)
• Someday I may reproduce (reproduction)

8. • Metabolism = all the physical
and chemical changes
• Bodily needs = food, oxygen,
water, heat
• Homeostasis = tendency of the
body to maintain a stable,
balanced, internal environment.
“Sameness”

9. • Feedback systems are cycle of
events in which the status of a
Homeostasis condition is monitored, evaluated,
changed and remonitored.
• Each monitored variable is called a
controlled condition.
• Any disruption that changes a
controlled condition is called a
stimulus.
• Three components of a feedback
system are: a receptor, a control
center and an effector.

10. • Receptors monitors changes in a
controlled condition. It sends input
Homeostasis in the form of nerve impulses or
chemical signals to a control center.
Ex. Nerve endings in the skin can
sense temperature.
• A control center sets the range of
values which a controlled condition
should be maintained, evaluates the
input from receptors, and generate
output commands – nerve impulses,
chemical signals / hormones
• Effectors are structures that
receives output from the control
center and produces a response.

11. Negative Feedback System

12. Positive Feedback System

14. • Axial Portion - head, neck, trunk
• Appendicular Portion - arms & legs
1. Several body cavities
2. Layers of membranes within cavities
3. Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities
(VISCERA = internal organs. "Visceral organs")

15. Popular in horror movies and games

16. Body Cavities
Dorsal = back side
Ventral = front side
Thoracic = chest (heart, trachea, lungs..)
Abdomen = stomach area (spleen, intestines)
Pelvic = lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)
DIAPHRAGM: Separates the thoracic and pelvic region
SEROUS MEMBRANE - covers and surrounds organs
SERIOUS FLUID - lubricates organs

17. It's easier to visualize the body cavities on pictures -
see Body Cavity Label | Label 2
Label the body cavities (use your book)

20. • Serous Membrane - two layered,
covers organs
o Outer layer = parietal
o Inner layer = visceral (lines the
organs)
• Serous fluid – lubricating fluid

21. • Pleura = lungs
• Pericardium = heart
• Peritoneum = organs (abdominopelvic
region)

22. Visceral Pleura / Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pericardium / Parietal
Pericardium
Visceral Peritoneum / Parietal
Peritoneum

23. Homework: Organ Systems Concept Map

24. Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position = standing erect, face
forward, arms at side, palms facing forward
*Study and learn the following terms*
1. Superior
2. Inferior
3. Anterior
4. Posterior
5. Medial
6. Lateral
7. Proximal
8. Distal
9. Superficial
10. Deep

27. Homework: Fill out the
chart on the body regions

28. Homework: Fill out the
chart on the body regions

29. • There are tons of careers, some of them only
require a short term of training. What are your
goals?
• See Explore Health Careers
• Homework: Medical and Applied Science