MrYLopez Student Slides World History

1. Chap 25
The Industrial Revolution, 1700-
1900
Section 1: The Beginnings of
Industrialization

2. Before Industrial Revolution
• Products made by hand
• ______________- landowners in Britain
bought land owned by poorer farmers.
–
– ____________- Poor farmers worked these lands

3. New Farming Techniques
• Farmers more ______________
– Crop rotation - planting a different crop in a
different field each year
•
–
• More people began producing goods

4. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
• ______________ - process of developing
machine production of goods
• ______________ - increase in production
– began in England
– during the 18th century

5. Resources
• Great Britain had all of the important
resources
–
– Water
–
– Rivers
– Harbors
–

6. Inventions Spur Industrialization
• 1769, water frame- used water power to run
spinning machines that made yarn
• 1779,
• 1787, power loom was a machine that sped
up the cloth-making process.

7. Factories
• Machines were big and expensive
•
– Near rivers due to ______________

8. Improvements in Transportantion
• 1705, ______________
– Steam boat, trains,
factories
• 1820’s, ______________
– Now people can travel
Britain faster
– Transport is faster

9. Industrialization
Chapter 25
Section 2

10. Work in the Home
• Merchants delivered
materials to the
workers’ cottage
•
• Merchant picked up
finished product

11. Work in the Home
• Home workers
controlled their
schedule
• Work faster when they
needed money
•

12. Problems of Cottage Industries
• Working at home had
disadvantages
–
–
–
• Cloth making required a
lot of skills
• Only adults had the
physical strength for the
job

13. Working in a Factory
• Divided work into
several easy to learn
tasks
•
• Children could learn
jobs
•
• Could pay children a
lower wage

14. Working in a Factory
• Factory work was
dangerous
•
•
•
•
•
• Lasted the 1700’s into
the 1800’s

15. Life in Factory Towns
• Whole towns grew up
around factories
•
• Families in crowded
close packed dwelling

16. Life in Factory Towns
• Thick soot from burning
coal
• Smoke sent poisonous
gases into the air.
•

17. Life in Factory Towns
• Some neighborhoods
only had two toilets for
every 250 people
•
•

18. Workers in a New Economy
• Three levels
– A wealthy
businessman to
invest and own the
factory
–
–

19. Workers in a New Economy
• Immigrant were happy
to find any kind of work
• Preferred hiring women
and children
–
–
–

20. Cottage Workers Unrest
• Hand made items were
more expensive
• 1811 masked workers
attacked a mill
–

21. Cottage Workers Unrest
• Machines were hurtful to
the economy
–
• _____________ burned
factories
–
• 1812 movement spread to
other cities
• Several Luddites were
hanged

22. Changing Labor Conditions
• British government did
not want to get
involved in factory
problems
•
– Citizens wanted
government regulation

23. Changing Labor conditions
• Labor unions-
organizations that
represent the workers
interests
• Strikes-work stoppages
to raise wages or
improve conditions
•

24. Changing Labor Conditions
• Pressure from public
brought unions back
• 1832 Sadler Report-
describe factory abuses
• Britain passed laws
–
–
–

25. The Mills of Manchester
• Worked under terrible
conditions
•
•
• Factory Act of 1819
child labor law

26. Industrialization Spreads
Chapter 25
Section 3

27. Industry and the West
• Parliament passed laws
that favored business
• Western countries
–
–

28. Industry Comes to America
• Britain outlawed the
export of certain
machines
•
• 1760- 1830 Industrial
Revolution mainly in
Great Britain

29. Industry comes to the America
• 1791 Alexander
Hamilton (Secretary of
the Treasury)
–
• Wanted government to
bribe British citizens to
bring knowledge to U.S.

30. Reforming the Industrial World
Chapter 25
section 4

31. Capitalism and Competition
• 1700’s governments
thought they should not
interfere with business
•

32. Adam Smith
• Market economy-economy free from regulation
•

33. Adam Smith
• Law of self interest-
• Law of competition-
• Law of supply and demand-

34. The Economists of Capitalism
• ______________—
economic system where
production is privately
owned and money is
invested in business for
profit

35. Thomas Malthus
• Population would always
grow faster than production
•
•
• Ideas justify low wages and
laws that limited charity to
the poor

36. The Rise of Socialism
• ______________- believes the wealthy or
government should take action to improve people’s
lives
• ______________-government should promote the
greatest good for the greatest amount of people

37. Utilitarianism
• Jeremy Bentham
•
• Womens rights included
voting

38. Robert Owens
• Built a “modern” town
•
• Lived in decent houses

39. Robert Owens

 Free schooling for
workers children
 Imposed strict rules for
workers personal lives
›
›
› .
› New Harmony, Indiana

40. Communist Manifesto
• Society divided into two
classes
– _____________- “the
haves”
– ______________-
“have-not” workers
• Wealthy controlled
production
• Poor did all the work

41. Karl Marx
•
– Workers should rebel
and control “means of
production”

42. Karl Marx
 Three arguments against
capitalism
› Disrupts the
relationship between
______________ &
______________
› Connection between
work and pay
› Unfair that laborers
make little money

43. The Future According to Karl Marx
• Marxism inspired
revolutions
–
–
–

44. Changing Labor Conditions
• 1904 laws passed in the
US to protect women
and children
• 1919 Supreme Court
denied federal child
labor law
–

45. The Reform Movement Spreads
• 1825, Abolition of
Slavery
–

46. Fight for Women’s Rights
• Women made 1/3 of a
man’s wages
•

47. The Fight for Women’s Rights
• British women served
as safety inspectors
•
– Delegates from 27
countries

48. Reforms Spread to Many Areas
• ______________of
Massachusetts favored
free public education
– Western Europe had
public education by late
1800’s
•