2. PRESENTATION BY GROUP- 11
Number of slides : 20
GROUP MEMBERS :
Roll Name
number
84 Tanjil Mahmud
80 Md. Abdur Rahim Shohagh
12 Nishat Jainab Sultana
13 Arifuzzaman
14 Zakia Sultana
82 Mrinmoy Acharjee
Ashraf Rahman
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3. CONTENTS
Muslims in Bengal
The arrival of the Europeans
The Mughal period
The Nawabs of Bengal
The British rule in Bengal
Partition of British India
Creation of two states India and Pakistan
Bengali language movement in East Pakistan
Call for Independence
The war for Independence
Timeline for Bangladesh history after independence (1972-1990)
Political parties forming government since 1990
References
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4. Muslims in Bengal :
Muslims first arrived in Bengal in
the 12th century.
The Turks managed to capture the
Northern part of India.
Khalji, Shahi and few other
dinasties managed to extend
Muslim empire until 14th century
Art and literature flourished during
the Muslim period.
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5. The arrival of the Europeans:
From the 15th century many Europeans
arrived:
Trade and economics flourished after their
arrival.
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6. The Mughal Period :
•The Mughals conquered Bengal in 1576 & it became
under the control of Delhi.
•Bengal was allowed to practice their own culture
and literature.
•In 1612 emperor Jahangir completed the conquest of
Muhgals after capturing Shylet.
•Later in 1707 the Bengal broke of the Delhi based
empire after the death of Aurangzeb.
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7. The Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1880):
Murshid Quli Khan ended the nominal Mughal rule
in 1717 when he declared Bengal's independence
from the Mughal empire.
Capital : Murshidabad.
Three successive Islamic dynasties ruled Bengal in
this period. They were:
Nasiri Afshar
• From • From
1717 1740 to
until 1757
1740
Najafi
• From 1757 to
1880
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8. The British rule in Bengal:
During Aurangzeb`s reign , the local Nawab sold
three villages to the British.
One of the villages sold was in Calcutta and this
was the first foothold of the British.
Calcutta was the focal point of the British economic
activity and soon they started to extend their
activities beyond Calcutta.
The British started to dream an empire in Bengal
and this ultimately led to battles with the Mughals.
The war for Bengal took place from 1686-1690 and
the Nawab of Bengal Shaista Khan defeated the
British in the battle of Hoogly and Baleshwar.
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9. After a decisive victory at the Battle of
Paulashy over the Nawab of Bengal in1757 the
British East India Company established rule in
India and Bengal.
Calcutta became their major trading port for
bamboo, tea sugar cane , muslin and jute
which were produced in Dhaka , Rajshahi,
Khulna .
The British managed to control Bengal for
nearly 200 years.
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10. Partition of British India:
After World War II British were pressured
to reduce size of their empire.
Lord Mountbatten and
Mahatma Gandhi worked
together to combine Hindus
and Muslims
They were
unsuccessful.
Lord
Mountbatten
decided to
partition
British India
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11. Creation of two states India and Pakistan (1947):
•In July 1947 United Kingdom declared two
separate states Pakistan and India.
•Pakistan was the Muslim state and India
became the Hindu state.
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12. Pakistan had two states:
Panjab
in
west
Pakistan
Bengal
in east
East and west Pakistan was separated by 1600 km of
Indian land.
Urdu was spoken in the west and Bangla was spoken
in the east.
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13. Bengali language movement in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) 1952:
East and west Pakistan were split along cultural, geographical, and
linguistic lines.
In 1948 Government of Pakistan declared Urdu as state language
Protests sparked among Bengali speaking East Pakistanis.
In 1952 the protests reached its peak.
Due to massive unrest the government outlawed meetings and rallies.
The students of the University of Dhaka and several other political groups defied
the laws and organized protests on 21 February 1952.
When the protests reached its climax the police open fired and killed several
students.
Massive civil unrest broke out due to those killings
Finally after years of conflict the central government granted official
status of Bengali language in 1956.
21 February is now observed as the “International Mother Language
Day” in the whole world and this was granted by UNESCO in 2000.
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14. Call for independence:
•As the capital was located in West Pakistan , the East Pakistan was unfairly
ruled.
•Very little was spent on the development of East Pakistan.
•Protests continued and martial law was imposed.
•Finally after several years of political unrest the first election of Pakistan in
7 December 1970 was called.
•Awami League, the political party won all the seats in East Pakistan.
•West Pakistan opened talks with East Pakistan over division of power
between the central governments.
•Talks proved to be unsuccessful and the President of Pakistan refused to
let Awami League form government.
•On March 2, 1971, a group of students, led by A S M Abdur Rob, student
leader & VP of DUCSU (Dhaka University Central Students Union) raised the
new (proposed) flag of Bangladesh under the direction of Swadhin Bangla
Nucleus.
•On 7 March 1971 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, made his historic freedom
speech, which called for the revolution for freedom and liberation.
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15. The war for independence:
On 25 March 1971 the Pakistan army launched
“Operation Searchlight” which killed thousands of
innocent unarmed Bangladeshis.
This led to the formation of Mukti Bahini which fought
for independence.
Many battles took place in different parts of East
Pakistan.
Over nine months of bloodiest war an estimated 3
millions Bangladeshis were killed.
Women and children were tortured and murdered.
Two days before independence the Pakistan army
captured many physicians, professors, writers and
engineers in Dhaka, and murdered them, leaving the
dead bodies in a mass grave.
Finally in 16 December 1971 the Pakistan army
signed the “Instrument of Surrender” and
Bangladesh officially came into existence as the 139th
Group-11 county in the world.
16. Time line Bangladesh history after
independence (1972-1990):
1972 •10 February- Sheikh Mujibur returns
to Bangladesh after being captured
during war.
•16 December- The constitution of
Bangladesh comes into effect.
1973 •The first general election of
Bangladesh was held and
Bangladesh Awami League secured
majority.
1975 •15 August- Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
was assassinated along with most
of his family members.
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17. 1975–81 •Ziaur Rahman managed gain support of
Ziaur Rahman the army.
•Then in 1977 he formed the political
party BNP (Bangladesh Nationalist
Party) and won the election in June
1978.
•In May 1981 he was assassinated in
Chittagong.
1982–90 •In March 1982 Army Chief of Staff Lt.
Hussain Gen. H.M. Ershad suspended the
Mohammed constitution and declared martial law.
Ershad •He later declared democracy.
•He retired from army and won several
elections during this period and ruled
Bangladesh.
•On December 6, 1990, following general
strikes, increased campus protests,
public rallies, and a general
disintegration of law and order, Ershad
was forced to resign .
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18. Political parties forming government since1990:
1991–1996 BNP led by Khaleda Zia
1996–2001 Awami league, led by
Sheikh Hasina
2001–2006 Four Party Aliiance led
by BNP
Oct. 2006–Jan. 2009 Caretaker Government
2009–present Grand Alliance, led
mainly by Awami
League and Jatiya
Party.
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19. References:
1. Bangla2000
http://www.bangla2000.com/bangladesh/history.shtm
2. Connect Bangladesh
http://www.connect-bangladesh.org/bd/bangladesh/introduction_bn.php
3. Wiki pedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh
4. Materials provided by the course teacher
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