2. 1441 - The Beginning of the
Diaspora
• The Diaspora was
the spreading of
Africans to Europe,
Asia,and America
• While it can be the
result of voluntary
migration, it was
often the result of
slave trade
3. 1441- Why the Diaspora Happened
• The Diaspora started
as early as the 9th
century, but 1441
marks the beginning
of European slave
trade (Portuguese)
• Thousands of people
were taken from their
home and brought to
America and other
countries.
4. Why the Diaspora is Important
• Because of the
diaspora, there are
elements of African
culture everywhere
5. 1691- First Slaves to the United
States – the Middle Passage
• Africans had been traded as slaves since the
early 1400s by the Portugues
• In 1691, the first slaves arrived in the U.S.
• They were considered cargo,
so they were treated as such
• They were shipped in really
cramped spaces and treated
poorly
6. 1691-First Slaves to the United
States - The Middle Passage
• The Middle Passage was a part of triangle
trade, the trade route through the Atlantic
• It was known as a period of transition
between Africa and America
• African communities were split up, so they
were forced to create new bonds of kinship
• These relationships
changed African
identity and culture in
the new world
7. 1657- George Fox
• George Fox was a
Quaker who believed
everyone should be
equal.
• He gave speeches to
the slave owners.
• He had a meeting with
300 Quakers who
signed a petition
against slave trade.
8. 1657 - Speaking out loud
• Fox was the first
person to start
speaking out publicly
• He set the trend for
how the future of the
abolition movement
would look
9. 1664:Maryland Passes Law
• Maryland passed a law that stated that all
black people were legally property
• Any white woman who married a black man
would also be a servant of his master until
his death
10. 1664:Maryland Passes Law
• This institutionalized the practice of slavery
and protected the rights of slave owners
• It was the first legal action against
marriages between white women and black
men
• It made black people
a lower class legally
11. 1712-New York Slave Rebellion
• Conditions in New
York made rebellion
more likely
• Slaves lived close
together so
communication was
easy
• Slaves worked side-
by-side with free
blacks
12. 1712-New York Slave Rebellion
• Slaves thought that
revolting would incite
other slaves to join them
and massacre all the
white people in town
• 23 slaves revolted, but
70 were arrested and
jailed. Many were
executed.
13. • The british general told
African Americans that he
would give them their
freedom if they went to
war with him.
• Many African Americans
saw this as a fight for
freedom.
14. • Freedom was the main
motivation for the black
slave whether joining
either the Patriot or
British army
• About 20,000 fought in
the British cause and
5,000 for the
Confederates
• Loyalty was to a principal
(freedom), not a person
or place
15. 1831 – Nat Turner’s Slave Rebellion
• He lived his whole
life being hit and
abused by his
master.
• He and other slaves
finally rebelled and
fought against the
white men because
he wanted a change
• They fought for their
rights
16. 1831 – Nat Turner’s Slave Rebellion
• They killed many
white people – the
highest number of
any slave uprising in
the South
• As a result, white
militias retaliated
and accused and
executed many
slaves
17. 1847: Frederick Douglass’s
Abolitionist Papers
• He was a slave that
wanted to end
slavery.
• He escaped at the
age of 20.
• He then became a
author.
• He wanted rights
for slaves and
women too.
18. 1847: Impact of Frederick
Douglas
• He wrote a
newspaper called
“The North Star".
• He was a African
American that
show others that
they can have
rights too.
• He helped stop
slavery in America.
19. 1849 - Harriet Tubman & the
Underground Railroad
• She led many slaves
through the
Underground
Railroad from
slavery to their
freedom.
• She was a nurse
during the civil war
and a union spy.
20. 1849 - The Underground
Railroad
• The Underground Railroad was an
organized system to help slaves escape
from slavery
• It was a network of secret routes and safe
houses
• Abolitionists and allies helped slaves
escape
• Some estimate that 30,000 people
escaped to freedom over 20 years
21. 1852 – Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• An anti-slavery novel
written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe
• Said to have “helped
lay the groundwork
for the Civil War”
22. 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Wrote the best
selling novel of the
19th century
• When Lincoln met
her, he said, “So this
is the lady who
started this great
war.”
23. 1859 – John Brown’s Raid in
Harper’s Ferry, VA
• John Brown was a
white abolitionist who
wanted to start a slave
army to revolt by
seizing the US arsenal
• He rallied 20 men
• He had even asked
Harriet Tubman and
Federick Douglass if
they wanted to join
• The raid was
unsuccessful and
Brown was hung for
treason
24. 1865 - 13th Amendment &
Reconstruction
• Abraham Lincoln
was president
• The 13th
amendment
abolished slavery
• It was part of the
group of
amendments
passed during
Reconstruction
25. 1865 - Reconstruction
• The 5 years after the
Civil War in America
• It was an attempt to
rebuild the country and
get things back to normal
as soon as possible.
• Had to find a way to get
the Confederate states to
be a part of the Union
again
26. 1878-Jim Crow Laws
• Laws passed in the
South after the Civil War
• They mandated racial
segregation of all public
things in the south
• Colored people had to use
different things from what
white people used.
• This happened during
1878 till 1965
27. 1878- Jim Crow Laws
Examples included:
• Segregation of
public schools
• Segregation of
public
transportation
• Segregation of
restrooms,
restaurants and
drinking fountains
28. 1876-1965
Jim crow laws
• The Jim Crow Laws were usually in the
Southern States.
• They usually used the laws for big places
that were available to the public.
29. 1876-1965
Jim crow laws Why?
• Even though slavery ended the Jim Crow
laws were made by the government (white
people) to prevent white people and black
people from being equal.
• The Jim crow laws were made to give the
black people less freedom than the white.
30. • 30-year-old Homer Plessy was
classified "7/8 white" and
resembled, in skin color and
physical features, a white male.
• John H. Ferguson was the judge
Plessy's case was heard by one
month after his arrest
31. • Plessy was jailed after attempting
to sit in an all-white railroad car.
• The case said that it was ok to
segregate people as long as they
get the same quality treatment.
32. • Because of the case, segregation continued.
• The idea was that if you really want to segregate
blacks and whites, that was okay. However, the
quality of what each race gets should be equal.
• This proved to be more difficult in practice. (What
was equal?
33. 1909 - THE NAACP
• Founded in 1909 by a diverse group of men
and women
• W.E. DuBois was a founding member
34. 1909 - The NAACP
• The NAACP was
started to make
sure that all people
had equality of
rights.
• The NAACP is one
of the oldest
organization in the
United States.
35. 1954 - Brown v. Board of
Education
• A group of people went
to court for their kids
to be able to go to a
different school.
• Topeka,Kansas
• The case was between
Oliver Brown and the
Board of Education of
Topeka
36. 1954 - Brown v. Board of
Education
• Court ruled that separate schools for
blacks and whites was unconstitutional
• It was a unanimous decision by The
Supreme Court
37. 1955 - Rosa Parks
• Rosa Parks was the mother of
the modern-day civil rights
movement
• Arrested and fined for refusing to
give up her seat for a white man
on a bus in Montgomery,
Alabama
• People in the community of
Montgomery started a boycott
38. 1955 - Rosa Parks
• They didn't ride the bus until the
rules were changed to allow
anyone sit anywhere regardless
of their because race.
• Rosa was arrested December 1,
1955. The boycott Began on
December 5, 1955-and ended on
December 6, 1956.
39. 1957- Little Rock Nine
• After Brown v. Board of
Education, many schools had
•
to be desegregated
Little Rock High School had a
plan to be gradually
integrated and 9 African-
American students were
•
enrolled
The Governor of Arkansas
and many protestors
prevented the students from
•
entering the school
President Eisenhower and
the National Guard had to be
called to protect them
40. March on Washington, 1963
• The March on
Washington was a
march for freedom
and jobs for
African Americans.
• It was led by
Martin Luther King
Jr. He gave his,"I
have a Dream"
speech
41. March on Washington, 1963
• They did the March This is how many
because they people came.
wanted freedom
• African Americans
wanted equality
and weren't being
treated fairly.
• Over 300,00 people
attended in front
of the White House
42. 1963: March on Washington
• Martin Luther King Jr. took part in leading March on Washington
• Many people were very exhausted on all the riots that were held
because many people were getting payed a low amount of money
that wasn't enough to feed or heat their families homes.
• Martin Luther King Jr. and John Lewis spoke at the same day
o Martin Luther King Jr. did his "I Have a Dream" at the same day
43. March on Washington 1963
• March on Washington was lead to declare the fairness in
equality,jobs, and freedom.
• The students school they wanted to end segregated rules in
schools.
44. 1964-CIVIL RIGHT ACT
• President John F.
Kennedy said that the
public money that the
taxpayer pays should
not be given to
anything that supports
racial discrimination.
• Kennedy got
assassinated before
he was able to sign the
law, so President
Johnson had to sign it.
45. •
1964-CIVIL RIGHT ACT
The civil rights act
forbids the
discrimination based
on race and color.
The civil right act
was expanded by
Congress to
strengthen
enforcement of these
fundamental rights.
46. 1966 – Founding of the Black
Panther Party
• The Black Panther • They founded it to
protect themselves and
Party was founded
their neighborhoods.
by 2 African They just wanted peace.
Americans The policeman wouldn't
do anything, so this was
their plan.
• Armed Panthers invaded
California’s capital to
protest legislation
limiting their right to bear
arms.
47. 1966 – Founding of the Black
Panther Party
•
Examples of other places;
Baltimore, Boston, Chicago,
The Black Panthers Cleveland, Dallas, Denver, Detroit,
Party was founded In Kansas City, Omaha,
Philadelphia, Los Angeles,
Oakland, California. Newark, New Orleans, New York
Later on it then traveled City, Pittsburgh, San Diego, San
to a lot of different Francisco, Seattle, and
Washington D.C.
places.
48. 1968 – Martin Luther King’s
Assassination, 6:05 PM
• Martin Luther King Jr
was assassinated at
the Lorraine Motel in
Memphis, TN
• James Earl Ray
confessed and was
convicted of the crime
• He was charged with
99 years in prison
49. 1968 – King’s Assassination -
Inferred events
• Frank Liberto (a person
affiliated with the mafia)
had given Loyd Jowers
$100,000 to hire a
hitman to kill King.
• Jowers hired Ray to kill
King.
• King was shot at 6:01
and was pronounced
dead at 7:05
50. 1968 – King’s Assassination – Why?
• They believed if
Martin Luther King
was removed from
the picture, there
wouldn't be a
figurehead to lead
the party.
• They believed with
King gone,
segregation would
continue.
51. 1992-Rodney King Riots
• This happened in Los
Angeles
• Riots started because
Rodney King was beaten
• The riots happened for at
least 6 days
• They had shootings,
lootings, and the people
started vandalising
property
52. 1992-Rodney King Riots
• Rodney King did not
surrender to the
Sacramento police
• They started to beat
him for not
surrendering
• The people around
them thought beating
him was wrong and
not fair
53. 2003 - Grutter vs. Bollinger
• Was a Landmark case which the United States
Supreme Court upheld affirmative action
• Affirmative action allows businesses and
schools to consider race, color, religion, sexual
orientation and gender when considering
admission
54. 2003 - Grutter vs. Bollinger
• Justice Sandra Day
O’Connor wrote for
the majority (5-4
decision)
• Ruled that the
University had a
compelling interest
in promoting class
diversity
55. 2008 – Barack Obama Elected
President
• 93% of black people
voted for Barack
Obama
• 39% of white people
voted for Obama
• 71 % of hispanics
voted for him
• 73% of asians voted
for Obama
56. 2009 - Barack Obama is President
• He was born in 1961
in Honolulu Hawaii
• The 44th President of
the United States
• The first African
American president
• Re-elected in 2012 to
serve his second
term
