This document defines and provides examples of different types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, neutralization, and combustion reactions. It explains the key characteristics of each type of reaction and how to predict the products based on the reactants. Examples are given for each type of reaction to illustrate the concepts.
10. Single Displacement Reaction
A + B CB + BA CA
A reaction where an element
displaces another element in a
compound, producing a new
compound and a new element
13. Single Displacement Reaction
Hg(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s) Hg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)
Will this reaction occur?
The second reaction does not
occur. How will you know if a
single displacement reaction
will occur or not?
H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq) 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)
What about this reaction?
14. The activity
series
(also on page
130, Table 4.2)
The “Who’s Hot
and Who’s Not
Analogy”
Single Displacement Reaction
16. REACTIVENESS
Single Displacement Reaction
I2(aq) + CaBr2(aq) ?
Will this reaction occur?
This reaction will not occur
Involving halogens…
The position of
halogens in the periodic
table tells you how
reactive they are
21. Double Displacement Reaction
3CoCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) Co3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaCl(aq)
Will this reaction occur?
A reaction will
occur only if the
following will be
produced
1)Gas
2)Solid precipitate
3)Water Solubility
table
23. Double Displacement Reaction
If one of the products is H2CO3(aq) or NH4OH(aq),
then you will get a gas!
How will you know if the product is a gas?
CO2 is a gas, but not every gas is that simple to recognize
H2CO3(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g)
NH4OH(aq) NH3(g) + H2O(l)
24. Double Displacement Reaction
For example:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
The equation may be re-written as…
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
H2CO3(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g)
25. Corrosive + corrosive non-corrosive + non-corrosive
Double Displacement Reaction
Neutralization reaction: Special type of
double displacement reaction
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide water + salt (sodium chloride)
29. Combustion Reaction
Element + O2 “oxide” + energy
2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s) + energy P4(s) + 5O2(g) P4O10(g) + energy
30. Combustion Reaction
1st
Type: COMPLETE COMBUSTION
Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Ex. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + energy
When burning a fuel, there are two types of
combustion to consider:
32. Predicting the Products for a
Chemical Reaction
K + Cl2 ?
1) Are the reactants in their pure elemental form (i.e. O2, Mg, Cl2)?
If yes, then this reaction is a SYNTHESIS REACTION
2K + Cl2 2KCl
So there should only be ONE product, and it should contain
both reactants
33. Predicting the Products for a
Chemical Reaction
H2O ?
2) Is there only ONE reactant?
If yes, then this reaction is a DECOMPOSITION REACTION
So there should be two products, each being a separate element
(i.e. Na, Ca, O2, I2, Br2) although that is not always the case
2H2O 2H2 + O2
34. Predicting the Products for a
Chemical Reaction
H2O2 ?
2) Is there only ONE reactant?
If yes, then this reaction is a DECOMPOSITION REACTION
So there should be two products, each being a separate element
(i.e. Na, Ca, O2, I2, Br2) although that is not always the case
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
35. Predicting the Products for a
Chemical Reaction
Zn + SnCl2 ?
3) If there are 2 reactants, is one of them a pure metal on its own?
If yes, then this reaction is a SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
So the metal that is on its own must take the place of the other
metal that is in the larger compound
Zn + SnCl2 ZnCl2 + Sn
36. Predicting the Products for a
Chemical Reaction
NaCl + AgNO3 ?
4) Are both of the reactants compounds?
If yes, then this reaction is a DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
So the two metals must switch places with one another, forming
two new compounds
NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl
37. Predicting the Products for a
Chemical Reaction
C8H18 + O2 ?
5) Is one of the reactants oxygen gas?
If yes, then this reaction is a COMBUSTION REACTION (as well as a
SYNTHESIS REACTION)
So the products must be an oxide and energy. If one of the
reactants is a hydrocarbon, then CO2 + H2O are the products.
2C8H18 + 25O2 16CO2 + 18H2O + energy