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2008-2009 Cells & Cell Organelles The Building Blocks of Life
Types of cells bacteria cells animal cells plant cells Prokaryote - no organelles Eukaryotes - organelles
Cell size comparison ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bacterial cell Animal cell
Why study cells? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Work of Life ATP
Organelles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Model Animal Cell
Cells need power ! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ATP
Cell membrane ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],lipid “tail” phosphate “head”
cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place
Vacuoles & vesicles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],small food particle vacuole digesting food inside cell
Food & water storage plant cells animal cells contractile vacuole  central vacuole  food vacuoles
cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage
Lysosomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],small food particle vacuole digesting food lysosomes digesting broken organelles
lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mitochondria in  both  animal & plant cells ATP
lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy  from sugar + O 2
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plants make energy two ways ! ATP sugar ATP
Mitochondria are in both cells !! animal cells plant cells mitochondria chloroplast
central vacuole  storage: food,  water or waste mitochondria  make ATP in  cellular respiration chloroplast  make ATP & sugars in  photosynthesis cell wall  support cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals lysosome  digestion & clean up cytoplasm
Cells need workers (proteins) ! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Proteins do all the work!  cells DNA proteins one of the major job of cells is to make proteins, because… proteins do all the work! signals structure enzymes receptors
Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy  from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell chromosomes  DNA
Ribosomes  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ribosomes on ER large subunit small subunit
lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy  from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy  from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Golgi Apparatus transport vesicles vesicles carrying proteins
cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy  from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes Golgi apparatus  finishes, packages  & ships proteins lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling
DNA RNA ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Golgi  apparatus vesicle protein on its way! protein finished protein Making Proteins TO: nucleus TO: TO: TO:
central vacuole  storage: food,  water or waste mitochondria  make ATP in  cellular respiration chloroplast  make ATP & sugars in  photosynthesis cell wall  support cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals Golgi apparatus  finish & ship  proteins nucleus  control cell  protects DNA endoplasmic reticulum  processes proteins  makes membranes lysosome  digestion & clean up cytoplasm ribosomes  make proteins
Cells need to make more cells ! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Centrioles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding  organelles in place mitochondria  make ATP energy  from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes Golgi apparatus  finishes, packages  & ships proteins lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage centrioles  cell division
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cell Summary Our organelles do all those jobs !
2008-2009 That’s my cellular story… Any Questions?
EXTRA SLIDES 2008-2009
Nucleus
Making proteins proteins transport vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle smooth ER rough ER nuclear pore nucleus ribosome cell membrane  protein secreted cytoplasm
Lysosomes  white blood cells attack & eat invading germs = digest them in lysosomes
When things go bad…  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
But sometimes cells need to die… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fetal development 15 weeks 6 weeks syndactyly
Chloroplasts ,[object Object],[object Object],ATP +  water  +  energy    glucose  +  oxygen carbon dioxide 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  + + +
Compare the equations Photosynthesis Respiration glucose  +  oxygen    carbon  +  water  +  energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 O ATP  + + + +  water  +  energy    glucose  +  oxygen carbon dioxide 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  + + +
The Great ENERGY Circle of Life sun ATP Photosynthesis Respiration O 2 glucose sugar CO 2 H 2 O + + plants animals & plants
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Growth & Reproduction We’ll learn about this in a later unit!

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07 Cell Organelle

  • 1. 2008-2009 Cells & Cell Organelles The Building Blocks of Life
  • 2. Types of cells bacteria cells animal cells plant cells Prokaryote - no organelles Eukaryotes - organelles
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place
  • 10.
  • 11. Food & water storage plant cells animal cells contractile vacuole central vacuole food vacuoles
  • 12. cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage
  • 13.
  • 14. lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage
  • 15.
  • 16. lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2
  • 17.
  • 18. Mitochondria are in both cells !! animal cells plant cells mitochondria chloroplast
  • 19. central vacuole  storage: food, water or waste mitochondria  make ATP in cellular respiration chloroplast  make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis cell wall  support cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals lysosome  digestion & clean up cytoplasm
  • 20.
  • 21. Proteins do all the work! cells DNA proteins one of the major job of cells is to make proteins, because… proteins do all the work! signals structure enzymes receptors
  • 22.
  • 23. lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell chromosomes  DNA
  • 24.
  • 25. lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins
  • 26.
  • 27. lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes
  • 28.
  • 29. cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes Golgi apparatus  finishes, packages & ships proteins lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling
  • 30. DNA RNA ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle protein on its way! protein finished protein Making Proteins TO: nucleus TO: TO: TO:
  • 31. central vacuole  storage: food, water or waste mitochondria  make ATP in cellular respiration chloroplast  make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis cell wall  support cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals Golgi apparatus  finish & ship proteins nucleus  control cell  protects DNA endoplasmic reticulum  processes proteins  makes membranes lysosome  digestion & clean up cytoplasm ribosomes  make proteins
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes Golgi apparatus  finishes, packages & ships proteins lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage centrioles  cell division
  • 35.
  • 36. 2008-2009 That’s my cellular story… Any Questions?
  • 39. Making proteins proteins transport vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle smooth ER rough ER nuclear pore nucleus ribosome cell membrane protein secreted cytoplasm
  • 40. Lysosomes white blood cells attack & eat invading germs = digest them in lysosomes
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43. Fetal development 15 weeks 6 weeks syndactyly
  • 44.
  • 45. Compare the equations Photosynthesis Respiration glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 O ATP  + + + + water + energy  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  + + +
  • 46. The Great ENERGY Circle of Life sun ATP Photosynthesis Respiration O 2 glucose sugar CO 2 H 2 O + + plants animals & plants
  • 47.
  • 48. Growth & Reproduction We’ll learn about this in a later unit!

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. The genes for rRNA have the greatest commonality among all living things. There is very little difference in the DNA sequence of the rRNA genes in a humans vs. a bacteria. Means that this function (building of a ribosome) is so integral to life that every cell does it almost exactly the same way. Change a base and this changes the structure of the RNA whch causes it to not function.
  2. Feedback mechanism There are sensors in the cell that monitor growth. They trigger self-destruct when they sense processes. Brown spots on leaves too. Virus infected plant cell auto-destructs and even cells around it to wall off virus.