1. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Electrolysis
1. Define the meaning of electrolyte and non-electrolyte and respective examples.
Electrolyte Non-electrolyte
Meaning
Example
2. Define electrolysis:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Energy change :
Electrolysis: ………………………..….. energy to ………………………………energy.
Voltaic cell: ……………………………..energy to ………..……………………. energy.
4. Write the half equation to represent the discharge of anion and cation.
Anion Half equation Cation Half equation
Hydroxide Hydrogen ion,
ion, OH- H+
Chloride ion, Sodium ion,
Cl- Na+
Bromide ion, Silver ion, Ag+
Br-
Iodide ion, Lead (II)ion,
I- Pb2+
Oxide ion, O2- Copper(II) ion,
Cu2+
Aluminium ion,
Al3+
6. Products of electrolysis depend on three factors, they are
a) ………………………………………………………….…………………………………..………..
b) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 42
2. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
7. Complete the electrochemical series below.
Cation Anion
K+ F-
Ca2+
Cl-
Zn2+
Ease of discharge
+ increases
H
Diagram: Electrochemical Series
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 43
3. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Sodium nitrate
solution, 0.5 mol dm-3 Carbon electrodes
Electrolysis of sodium nitrate solution.
8. Describe the electrolysis of sodium nitrate solution using carbon electrodes.
Anode Cathode
Write the formula of all ions
present in the electrolyte.
Write the formula of ion/ions
which is/are attracted to anode
and cathode.
Which is selectively discharged?
Give a reason.
Write the half equation to
represent the discharge.
What will you observe at the
electrode?
Name the product.
State the test to identify the
product.
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 44
4. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Potassium chloride
solution, 0.5 mol dm-3
Carbon electrodes
Electrolysis of potassium chloride solution
9. Describe the electrolysis of potassium chloride solution using carbon electrodes.
Anode Cathode
Write the formula of all ions
present in the electrolyte.
Write the formula of ion/ions
which is/are attracted to anode
and cathode.
Which is selectively discharged?
Give a reason.
Write the half equation to
represent the discharge.
What will you observe at the
electrode?
Name the product.
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 45
5. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Copper electrode
Iron electrode
Copper(II)nitrate
solution, 0.5 mol dm-3
Electrolysis of copper (II) nitrate solution
10. Describe the electrolysis of copper (II) nitrate solution using metal electrodes.
Anode Cathode
Write the formula of all ions
present in the electrolyte.
Write the formula of ion/ions
which is/are attracted to anode
and cathode.
Which is selectively discharged?
Give a reason.
Write the half equation to
represent the discharge.
What will you observe at the
electrodes?
Name the product.
What will you observe to the
electrolyte?
Explain why?
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 46
6. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Voltaic cell / Simple cell
Zinc electrode
Copper
Copper(II)sulphate electrode
solution, 0.5 mol dm-3
11. Describe the voltage cell.
Negative terminal Positive terminal
State all ions present in the
electrolyte.
Identify positive terminal and
negative terminal.
Explain why?
Write half equation at
negative terminal.
Write the formula of ions
which are moved to positive
terminal.
Which is selectively
discharged?
Give a reason.
Half equation at positive
terminal
What will you observe at
negative and positive
terminal?
What will you observe to the
electrolyte?
Explain why?
Overall / Full ionic equation
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 47
7. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Application of electrolysis
12. State the aim of electroplating of metal.
………………………………………………………………………..………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..………………………………..
13. The principal of electroplating.
(a) The thing to be electroplating must be ………………………………………………………………...
(b) The electrolyte ………………………………………………….………….…………………………..
(c) The anode ………………………………………………….………….……………………………….
14. To electroplate the spoon with silver.
Iron spoon Silver electrode
Silver nitrate solution, 0.5 mol dm-3
(a) Write the half equation at silver electrode.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Write the half equation at iron spoon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) State the observation at silver electrode.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) State the observation at the iron spoon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(e) An even and lasting layer of metal is obtained if:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 48
8. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
15. Purification of metal.
(a) Things to be purified must be at …………………………………………….……………………..
(b) The other electrode ………………………….……………………………………….…………….
(c) The electrolyte ……………………………………………………………………………….…….
The electrochemical series
16. The electrochemical series
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. The electrochemical series can be constructed based on;
(a) The potential difference between two metals, in voltaic cell. The higher the voltage value,
the …………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The ability/ tendency of a metal to displace another metal from its salt solution. A metal
which ………………………………………………… able to displace metal below it in
the series from its salt solution.
PAPER 2: STRUCTURE
1. Diagram 1 show the apparatus set-up used to electrolyze 0.1 mol dm-3 of sodium chloride solution using
carbon electrodes.
Gas Q
Gas P
0.1 mol dm-3 of sodium
chloride solution
Electrode X Electrode Y
_ +
Diagram 1
(a) Name electrodes X and Y.
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………..
[1 mark]
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 49
9. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
(b) Write the formula of all ions present in the solution.
…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Name gas P collected in the test tube.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) State a chemical test to confirm your answer to (c)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at electrode X.
……………………………………………………….…………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) (i) Name gas Q collected in the test tube.
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) State a chemical test to confirm your answer to (d)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at electrode Y.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(e) What difference will it make if the experiment is repeated by using 2 mol dm-3 of sodium
chloride solution? Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
2. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to carry out an electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulphate solution.
copper
carbon 0.2 mol dm-3 of elecrodes
electrdes copper(II)
sulphate solution
Experiment I Experiment II
Diagram 2
(a) Write the formula of all the ions present in the copper(II) sulphate solution.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
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10. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
(b) (i) Name the product produced at the anode in Experiment I.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at this electrode.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Name the product produced at the anode in Experiment II.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at this electrode.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) (i) What happen to the intensity of the blue copper(II) sulphate solution in Experiment
I?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (d) (i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(e) (i) What happen to the intensity of the blue copper(II) sulphate solution in Experiment
II?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (e) (i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
3. Diagram 3 shows a simple cell
V
electrode Y
electrode X
electrolyte
Diagram 3
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 51
11. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Two different electrodes are immersed into an electrolyte. The voltage of the cell is recorded. The
experiment is repeated by using different pairs of electrode. Table 3 shows the results obtained. The
metals of which electrodes V, W, X, Y and Z are made of, for divalent ions.
Experiment Pairs of electrodes Positive terminal Negative terminal Voltage/V
1 X/Y Y X 0.70
2 X/Z X Z 1.05
3 X/W X W 1.55
4 Y/V V Y 0.50
Table 3
(a) Suggest a suitable electrolyte for the above experiments.
…………………………………….…………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) State the direction of the flow of electrons in Experiment 1 which used electrodes X and Y.
……………………………………….………….……………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) Write half equation for the reaction that takes place at the negative terminal in Experiment 2 which
used electrodes X and Z.
………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) State a hypothesis for the above experiments.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(e) Arrange the metals V, W, X, Y and Z in decreasing order in the Electrochemistry Series.
………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(f) A chemical cell is set-up using electrodes Z and V.
(i) State the negative terminal of the cell.
…………………………………………….…………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the voltage of the cell.
[1 mark]
(g) (i) State the pair of electrodes that will give the highest voltage reading.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the voltage of the cell.
[1 mark]
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 52
12. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
PAPER 2 : ESSAY
4. (a) Ethanoic acid solution is electrolysed by using platinum electrode. What is produced at
the cathode? Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at the cathode.
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 4 shows Cell X and Cell Y.
V
Zinc plate Copper plate copper electrode
copper(II)
nitrate
Cell X Diagram 4
Cell Y
Cell X is a chemical cell while cell Y is an electrolytic cell. Compare cell X and cell Y.
[8 marks]
(c) A student wants to purify an impure copper plate by the process of electrolysis. Design an experiment in
the laboratory to purify the impure copper plate.
Your answer should include the following:
materials and apparatus needed
a diagram with the arrangement of apparatus
the procedure
observation
chemical equation involved
[10 marks]
PAPER 3 : STRUCTURE
5. A student carries out an experiment to study the potential difference between two types of
different metals. The apparatus arrangement used is shown in Diagram 5.
Before experiment After experiment
V V
zinc plate Zinc plate iron plate
iron plate
copper(II) nitrate
Diagram 5
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 53
13. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
(a) State the observation and inference involved in the experiment in the table below.
Metal plate Observation Inference
Zinc
Iron
(b) The student repeated the experiment by replacing the iron metal with copper metal,
aluminium metal and magnesium metal.
Table 5 shows the voltage reading obtained from the metal pairs.
Metal pairs Negative terminal Positive terminal Voltage/V
Zinc – iron Zinc Iron 0.4
Zinc – copper Zinc Copper 1.1
Zinc – almunium Aluminium Zinc 0.8
Zinc – magnesium Magnesium Zinc 1.4
Table 5
Based on the information above, complete the table below.
Type of variables Action to be taken
(i) Manipulated variables : (i) Way to change the manipulated variables :
___________________________ _________________________________
(ii) Responding variables : (ii) How do these variables respond:
___________________________ _________________________________
(iii) Constant variables : (iii) Way to fix the constant variables :
___________________________ _________________________________
[6 marks]
(c) State the hypothesis of the experiment
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) If the experiment is repeated by using lead metal to replace iron metal, predict the possible
reading recorded by the voltmeter.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 54
14. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
6. Diagram 6 shows two set-up apparatus used to electrolyzed 0.001 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and
1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid by using carbon electrodes.
Carbon
electrode
1.0 mol dm-3
0.001 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
hydrochloric acid
acid
Diagram 6
(a) State a suitable hypothesis for the experiment.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) State all the variables involved in the experiment
(i) Manipulated variable
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Responding variable
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Constant variables
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Write the observations at the anode and cathode for both sets of experiment.
Electrolyte
Set 1 ( 0.001 mol dm-3 Set 2 ( 1.0 mol dm-3
Terminal hydrochloric acid ) hydrochloric acid )
Anode
Cathode
(d) Write half-equation for the discharge of ions at anode for Set 1 and Set 2.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………...…………………………………………………………..
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 55
15. Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
(e) Predict the observation at the anode and cathode when 0.0001 mol dm-3 potassium
nitrate solution is electrolysed.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
PAPER 3 : ESSAY
7. “Concentration of ions used during electrolysis affects the product of electrolysis at the anode”.
Using sodium chloride solution, describe an experiment to prove the above statement.
Your answer should include:
(a) Problem statement
(b) Hypothesis
(c) Variables
(d) Materials and apparatus used
(e) Procedure of the experiment
(f) Tabulation of data
The further the distance between two metals in the
electrochemical series, the bigger the potential difference
.
8. You are given the copper strip, lead strip, iron strip, zinc strip, aluminium strip, magnesium strip and
copper(II) sulphate solution.Referring to the statement above, plan a laboratory experiment to construct the
electrochemical series of the potential differences using different pair of metals.
Your explanation should include all the followings:
(a) Aim of the experment
(b) All the variables
(c ) Statement of the hypothesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus
(e) Procedure of the experiment
(f) Tabulation of data
[ 17 marks ]
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3 56