Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Assignment week 1 for submission
1. Intermediate Accounting I
Assignment week 01
AC550
Professor: Juanita Edwards
Prepared by: Muhammad Bhatti
Muhammad Bhatti
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2. Chapter 1
CA1-1 (FASB and Standard-Setting) Presented below are four statements which you are to identify as
true or false. If false, explain why the statement is false.
1. GAAP is the term used to indicate the whole body of FASB authoritative literature.
2. Any company claiming compliance with GAAP must comply with most standards and
interpretations but does not have to follow the disclosure requirements.
3. The primary governmental body that has influence over the FASB is the SEC.
4. The FASB has a government mandate and therefore does not have to follow due process in
issuing a standard.
Solution:
1- True
2- False
3- True
4- False
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CA1-3 (Financial Reporting and Accounting Standards) Answer the following multiple-choice
questions.
1. GAAP stands for:
o (a) governmental auditing and accounting practices.
o (b) generally accepted attest principles.
o (c) government audit and attest policies.
o (d) generally accepted accounting principles.
2. Accounting standard-setters use the following process in establishing accounting standards:
o (a) Research, exposure draft, discussion paper, standard.
o (b) Discussion paper, research, exposure draft, standard.
o (c) Research, preliminary views, discussion paper, standard.
o (d) Research, discussion paper, exposure draft, standard.
3. GAAP is comprised of:
o (a) FASB standards, interpretations, and concepts statements.
o (b) FASB financial standards.
o (c) FASB standards, interpretations, EITF consensuses, and accounting rules issued by
FASB predecessor organizations.
o (d) any accounting guidance included in the FASB Codification.
4. The authoritative status of the conceptual framework is as follows.
o (a) It is used when there is no standard or interpretation related to the reporting issues
under consideration.
o (b) It is not as authoritative as a standard but takes precedence over any interpretation
related to the reporting issue.
o (c) It takes precedence over all other authoritative literature.
o (d) It has no authoritative status.
Muhammad Bhatti
5. The objective of financial reporting places most emphasis on:
o (a) reporting to capital providers.
o (b) reporting on stewardship.
o (c) providing specific guidance related to specific needs.
o (d) providing information to individuals who are experts in the field.
6. General-purpose financial statements are prepared primarily for:
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3. o (a) internal users.
o (b) external users.
o (c) auditors.
o (d) government regulators.
7. Economic consequences of accounting standard-setting means:
o (a) standard-setters must give first priority to ensuring that companies do not suffer any
adverse effect as a result of a new standard.
o (b) standard-setters must ensure that no new costs are incurred when a new standard is
issued.
o (c) the objective of financial reporting should be politically motivated to ensure
acceptance by the general public.
o (d) accounting standards can have detrimental impacts on the wealth levels of the
providers of financial information.
8. The expectations gap is:
o (a) what financial information management provides and what users want.
o (b) what the public thinks accountants should do and what accountants think they can do.
o (c) what the governmental agencies want from standard-setting and what the standard-
setters provide.
o (d) what the users of financial statements want from the government and what is
provided.
Solution:
1- (d)
2- (d)
3- (d)
4- (a)
5- (a)
6- (b)
7- (d)
8- (b)
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Chapter 2
E2-5 (Elements of Financial Statements) Ten interrelated elements that are most directly related to
measuring the performance and financial status of an enterprise are provided below.
Assets Distributions to owners Expenses
Liabilities Comprehensive income Gains
Equity Revenues Losses
Investments by owners
Instructions
Muhammad Bhatti
Identify the element or elements associated with the 12 items below.
(a) Arises from peripheral or incidental transactions.
(b) Obligation to transfer resources arising from a past transaction.
(c) Increases ownership interest.
(d) Declares and pays cash dividends to owners.
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4. (e) Increases in net assets in a period from non-owner sources.
(f) Items characterized by service potential or future economic benefit.
(g) Equals increase in assets less liabilities during the year, after adding distributions to owners
and subtracting investments by owners.
(h) Arises from income statement activities that constitute the entity’s ongoing major or central
operations.
(i) Residual interest in the assets of the enterprise after deducting its liabilities.
(j) Increases assets during a period through sale of product.
(k) Decreases assets during the period by purchasing the company’s own stock.
(l) Includes all changes in equity during the period, except those resulting from investments by
owners and distributions to owners.
Solution:
Elements:
(f) Assets
(b) Liabilities
(i) Equity
(c) Investment by owners
(k)(d) Distribution to owners
(l)(g)(e)(c) Comprehensive income
(j)(h) Revenue
(h) Expenses
(a) Gain
(a) Losses
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E2-7 (Assumptions, Principles, and Constraints) Presented below are a number of operational
guidelines and practices that have developed over time.
Instructions
Select the assumption, principle, or constraint that most appropriately justifies these procedures and
practices. (Do not use qualitative characteristics.)
(a) Fair value changes are not recognized in the accounting records.
(b) Financial information is presented so that investors will not be misled.
(c) Intangible assets are capitalized and amortized over periods benefited.
(d) Repair tools are expensed when purchased.
(e) Agricultural companies use fair value for purposes of valuing crops.
(f) Each enterprise is kept as a unit distinct from its owner or owners.
(g) All significant postbalance sheet events are reported.
(h) Revenue is recorded at point of sale.
(i) All important aspects of bond indentures are presented in financial statements.
Muhammad Bhatti
(j) Rationale for accrual accounting.
(k) The use of consolidated statements is justified.
(l) Reporting must be done at defined time intervals.
(m) An allowance for doubtful accounts is established.
(n) Goodwill is recorded only at time of purchase.
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5. (o) A company charges its sales commission costs to expense.
Solution:
(a) Historical cost principle.
(b) Full disclosure principle.
(c) Expense recognition principle.
(d) Materiality.
(e) Industry practices or fair value principle.
(f) Economic entity assumption.
(g) Full disclosure principle.
(h) Revenue recognition principle.
(i) Full disclosure principle
(k) Economic entity assumption.
(l) Periodicity assumption
(m) Expense recognition principle.
(n) Historical cost principle
(o) Expense recognition principle
(j) principles Revenue and expense recognition
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Chapter 3
E3-1 (Transaction Analysis—Service Company) Christine Ewing is a licensed CPA. During the first
month of operations of her business (a sole proprietorship), the following events and transactions
occurred.
April 2 Invested $30,000 cash and equipment valued at $14,000 in the business.
2 Hired a secretary-receptionist at a salary of $290 per week payable monthly.
3 Purchased supplies on account $700. (debit an asset account.)
7 Paid office rent of $600 for the month.
Completed a tax assignment and billed client $1,100 for services rendered. (Use Service
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Revenue account.)
12 Received $3,200 advance on a management consulting engagement.
17 Received cash of $2,300 for services completed for Ferengi Co.
21 Paid insurance expense $110.
30 Paid secretary-receptionist $1,160 for the month.
30 A count of supplies indicated that $120 of supplies had been used.
Purchased a new computer for $5,100 with personal funds. (The computer will be used
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exclusively for business purposes.)
Muhammad Bhatti
Instructions
Journalize the transactions in the general journal. (Omit explanations.)
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6. Solution:
April 2 Cash 30,000
Equipment 14,000
Owners capital 44,000
April 2 No transaction has occurred
April 3 Supplies 700
A/P 700
April 7 Rent Exp. 600
Cash 600
April 11 A/R 1,100
Revenue 1,100
April 12 Cash 3,200
Unearned revenue 3,200
April 17 Cash 2,300
Revenue 2,300
April 21 Ins.exp 110
Cash 110
April 30 Salaries exp. 1160
Cash 1160
April 30 Supplies Exp 120
Supplies 120
Muhammad Bhatti
April 30 Equipment 5,100
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7. Capital 5,100
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E3-5 (Adjusting Entries) The ledger of Chopin Rental Agency on March 31 of the current year includes
the following selected accounts before adjusting entries have been prepared.
Debit Credit
Prepaid Insurance $ 3,600
Supplies 2,800
Equipment 25,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment $ 8,400
Notes Payable 20,000
Unearned Rent Revenue 6,300
Rent Revenue 60,000
Interest Expense –0–
Salaries and Wages Expense 14,000
An analysis of the accounts shows the following.
1. The equipment depreciates $250 per month.
2. One-third of the unearned rent was earned during the quarter.
3. Interest of $500 is accrued on the notes payable.
4. Supplies on hand total $650.
5. Insurance expires at the rate of $300 per month.
Instructions
Prepare the adjusting entries at March 31, assuming that adjusting entries are made quarterly. Additional
accounts are: Depreciation Expense, Insurance Expense, Interest Payable, and Supplies Expense. (Omit
explanations.)
Solution:
1- Depreciation Exp. 750
Accu. Depreciation- Equip. 750
2- Unearned Rent revenue 2,100
Rent revenue 2,100
3- Interest expense 500
Muhammad Bhatti
Interest payable 500
4- Supplies expense 2,150
Supplies 2,150
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8. 5- Insurance exp. 900
Prepaid insurance 900
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P3-1 (Transactions, Financial Statements—Service Company) Listed below are the transactions of
Yasunari Kawabata, D.D.S., for the month of September.
Sept. 1 Kawabata begins practice as a dentist and invests $20,000 cash.
2 Purchases dental equipment on account from Green Jacket Co. for $17,280.
4 Pays rent for office space, $680 for the month.
4 Employs a receptionist, Michael Bradley.
5 Purchases dental supplies for cash, $942.
8 Receives cash of $1,690 from patients for services performed.
10 Pays miscellaneous office expenses, $430.
14 Bills patients $5,820 for services performed.
18 Pays Green Jacket Co. on account, $3,600.
19 Withdraws $3,000 cash from the business for personal use.
20 Receives $980 from patients on account.
25 Bills patients $2,110 for services performed.
Pays the following expenses in cash: Salaries and wages $1,800; miscellaneous office expenses
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$85.
30 Dental supplies used during September, $330.
Instructions
(a) Enter the transactions shown above in appropriate general ledger accounts (use T-accounts).
Use the following ledger accounts: Cash, Accounts Receivable, Supplies, Equipment,
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment, Accounts Payable, Owner’s Capital, Service Revenue,
Rent Expense, Office Expense, Salaries and Wages Expense, Supplies Expense, Depreciation
Expense, and Income Summary. Allow 10 lines for the Cash and Income Summary accounts, and
5 lines for each of the other accounts needed. Record depreciation using a 5-year life on the
equipment, the straight-line method, and no salvage value. Do not use a drawing account.
(b) Prepare a trial balance.
Muhammad Bhatti
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