2. The computer as we know it today had its
beginning with 19th century by English
mathematics professor name “Charles
Babbage”.
He designed the Analytical Engine and it was
this design that the basic framework of the
computers of today are based on.
3. The word “computer” comes from the word “compute” which means
“to calculate” . Hence people usually consider a computer to be a
calculating device that can perform arithmetic operations at high
speed.
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data, stores and
processes data into information. The computer is able to work
because there are instructions in its memory directing it.
It is an information processing machine. The main part of computer
are HARDWARE and SOFTWARE.
All computer system can perform the functions of inputting, storing,
processing, controlling, styling and outputting data and information.
4. Super computer
Mainframe computer
Personal computer
Super computer
This computer is:
Largest,
Fastest,
Most powerful and
Most expensive computer.
5. Mainframe computer
This is the little smaller and less powerful then super
computer, but like super computer it is also expensive. This
types of computer handling all kinds of scientific and
business applications.
Personal computer
This is the computer that most people use in their daily lives.
This computer is much smaller, less powerful and less
expensive than the supercomputer and the mainframe
computer.
6. Speed
Accuracy
Storage
Decision making
Automatic
Versatility
No feelings
7. Speed:
A computer is a very high speed data processing machine
capable of operating at electronic speeds. Most instruction in
a computer are carried out in less than a million of a second.
Accuracy:
Computer are always produce accurate results although while
working at high speeds. Instruction execution is carried out
without any mistakes.
Storage:
Computer can store large amount of data and information in
its memory. At any stage there would be no data loss or data
corruption once it is stored.
8. Decision making:
Computer also helps to chose best decision from various
alternatives.
Automatic:
A computer is an automatic machine, it is works by itself without
human intervention.
Versatility:
It is one of the most wonderful characteristic of computer. In this
one moment is preparing result, next moment is chat an online,
another is listening music etc.
No feelings:
Computer are devoid of emotions. They have no feelings and no
instincts because they are machine.
9. First generation (1940-1956)
Second generation (1956-1963)
Third generation (1964-1971)
Fourth generation (1971-Present)
Fifth generation (Present-Beyond)
10. FIRST GENERATION (1942-1956)
It used vacuum tubes for circuitry & magnetic
drums for memory
They were very expensive
Difficult to operate
It relied on machine language
They could only solve one problem at a time
Generated a lot of heat
Input was based on punch card and paper tape
And output was displayed after long time
UNIVAC and ENIAC are examples of 1st generation computer
11. SECOND GENERATION (1956-1963)
It used Transistors
It was smaller , faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient, more
reliable than their first generation
It moved from machine language to symbolic or assembly
language
It also relied on punched cards for input and printouts for
output
This generation were developed for the
atomic energy industry.
12. THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971)
They were smaller and more powerful than second
generation
They had faster and larger primary and secondary storage as
compared to second generation
They developed the integrated circuit
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips
which increased the speed and efficiency of computers
It instead of punched card and printouts and used keyboards
and monitors with an operating system , which allowed the
device to run many different applications at one time
13. FOURTH GENERATION (1971-PRESENT)
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of
computers
They consumed less power than 3rd generation
They had larger and faster primary and secondary storage as
compared to 3rd generation
They were more reliable and less prone to hardware failures
than 3rd generation
From the CPU and memory to input and output controls
It also saw the development of GUIs, mouse and handheld
devices.
14. FIFTH GENERATION (Present and Beyond)
It based on artificial intelligence
It also more powerful, cheaper, reliable and easier to use
desktop machine
It easier to produced commercially
Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology
will radically change the face of computers in years to come
It main goal to develop devices that respond to natural
language input and are capable of learning and self-
organization.
15. Input Unit Storage Unit OUTPUT
RESULT
CONTROL UNIT
CPU
ALU
16. INPUT:
It accepts instructions and data from outside
It converts these instructions and data in computer
acceptable form
It supply the converted instructions and data to computer
system for further processing.
STORAGE UNIT
Data and instructions required for processing
Received all data and information from input device
Intermediate results of processing
After processing kept all data inside the computer system
Storage all instruction and data into primary and secondary
storage
17. OUTPUT:
It accepts the results produced by a computer, which are in
coded form
Convert them to human acceptable form
And it supplies the converted to outside world
Again the output is also stored inside the computer for
further processing
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT: (ALU)
The actual processing of data and instruction are preformed
by Arithmetic Logical Unit.
The major operations performed by ALU are: addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, logical and comparison
18. CONTROL UNIT:
It determined the sequence in which computer programs and
instructions are executed.
It stores the all information in the main memory, interprets
the instructions and issues signals causing other units of the
system to execute them.
It manage and coordinates the operations of all other
components of the computer system
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT: (CPU)
It is combination of ALU and CU
It also known as the brain of any computer system
It takes all major decisions, makes all sorts of calculations
and directs different parts of the computer functions by
activating and controlling the operations just like a brain.
19. ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
High speed Unemployment
Accurate result Lack of security
More expensive
More storage capacity
Help to take decision
Give automatic result
Multiple uses
No feelings
20. In Tourism
In Bank
In Education
In Entertainment
In Business
In Transportation
21. In tourism:
Railways and airline reservations for booking ticket
In hotels used it to check availability of rooms
In banks:
Terminals are provided in the branch and the main computer
is located centrally
It use take information such as current balance, deposits,
savings, overdraft, interest charges etc
It use in bank for payment and received cash
It use to keep all information of employees , customer etc in
banks.
22. In Education:
It posses the knowledge given to them by experts
It helps to keep all information about students in any college,
schools etc.
It help to us in teaching by ppt, internet etc
In industry:
It helps to keep all information about employees and officer
It use to record all transaction about industry as like a/c,
finance etc.
It help to tests quality control and manufacturing of product
23. In transportation:
In this it measure the all information plane’s altitude ,
position, speed, height and direction and to keep the plane
flying in the right direction
In fact the auto-pilot feature has made the work of pilot
much easy
In entertainment:
Computer are also great entertainment as like various types
of games like cricket, chess, football etc
It use to see movies, listening songs etc
In this also available brain test games