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CS425: Computer Networks
             Bhaskaran Raman
         [braman] AT [cse.iitk.ac.in]

http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/braman/cs425/

      Department of CSE, IIT Kanpur
             Jul-Dec 2006

        Lecture 02: Fri, 04 Aug 2006
Updates/Announcements
●
    Course web-page is up
●
    Lecture times (CS101):
    –   Mon 11-12, Fri 5-6:30
●
    Tutorial times (CS101):
    –   Tue 4:30-6, Wed 11-12:30, Thu 5:30-7
    –   May be reduced to one hour
●
    Will have to move to LHC if needed
Recap and Lecture Outline
●
    Recap:
    –   What is a network?
    –   What is a protocol?
●
    Lecture outline:
    –   What are the required/desirable functionalities?
    –   How to structure them?
    –   Concepts of layering, encapsulation
    –   Physical layer encoding (Kameswari Chebrolu)
Required/Desired Functionalities
●
    Modulation,              ●
                                 Multiplexing,
    demodulation                 demultiplexing
●
    Encoding                 ●
                                 Quality-of-Service
●
    Framing                  ●
                                 Security
●
    Detect, correct errors   ●
                                 Compression
●
    Medium Access Control    ●
                                 Naming, addressing
●
    Routing                  ●
                                 Application
●
    Reliability
●
    In-order delivery
OSI Layering
    ●
        What is layering?                  Application

        –   “ Structuring technique       Presentation
             which permits the
             network... to be viewed        Session
             as logically composed of      Transport
             a succession of layers,
             each wrapping the lower        Network
             layers and isolating them   Link-Layer-Ctrl
             from higher layers”         Medium-Access
             [Zim80]                        Physical
                                   
Advantages of Layering
    ●
        Handle heterogeneity
    ●
        Software reuse, modularity
    ●
        Allows extensibility, new technologies




                              
Inter-Layer Communication

                Layer N+1         Layer N+1

     Downcall                                 Upcall


                 Layer N           Layer N




                Layer N-1         Layer N-1
                            PHY
                Host-1              Host-2


      Interface definition between layers is crucial
                              
Encapsulation & Decapsulation

              Layer N+1         Layer N+1




               Layer N           Layer N




              Layer N-1         Layer N-1
                          PHY
               Host-1             Host-2




          Each layer adds/removes its header
                            
Logical Communication between
       Layers at the Same Level
            Application             Application
                          Logical


            Transport               Transport
                          Logical


             Network                 Network
                          Logical

            LLC/MAC                 LLC/MAC
                          Logical

               PHY                     PHY
                           PHY

              Host-1                    Host-2
End-to-end versus Hop-by-hop
    Application                                                                 Application
                                            Logical

     Transport                                                                  Transport
                                            Logical

     Network                Network                     Network                  Network
                  Logical                   Logical                   Logical

     LLC/MAC                LLC/MAC                    LLC/MAC                  LLC/MAC
                  Logical                   Logical                   Logical

       PHY                    PHY                        PHY                       PHY
                   PHY                       PHY                       PHY
    End-Host-1              Intermediate-             Intermediate-             End-Host-2
                            Host-1                    Host-2
                                                
Summary of Concepts
    ●
        Layering
    ●
        Inter-layer communication
    ●
        Encapsulation
    ●
        End-to-end versus hop-by-hop communication
    ●
        Concepts not covered from Chapter-1 of
        Peterson book:
        –   Packet switching
        –   Sockets
        –   Protocol graph
        –   Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP)
                                  

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Lec02 layering

  • 1. CS425: Computer Networks Bhaskaran Raman [braman] AT [cse.iitk.ac.in] http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/braman/cs425/ Department of CSE, IIT Kanpur Jul-Dec 2006 Lecture 02: Fri, 04 Aug 2006
  • 2. Updates/Announcements ● Course web-page is up ● Lecture times (CS101): – Mon 11-12, Fri 5-6:30 ● Tutorial times (CS101): – Tue 4:30-6, Wed 11-12:30, Thu 5:30-7 – May be reduced to one hour ● Will have to move to LHC if needed
  • 3. Recap and Lecture Outline ● Recap: – What is a network? – What is a protocol? ● Lecture outline: – What are the required/desirable functionalities? – How to structure them? – Concepts of layering, encapsulation – Physical layer encoding (Kameswari Chebrolu)
  • 4. Required/Desired Functionalities ● Modulation, ● Multiplexing, demodulation demultiplexing ● Encoding ● Quality-of-Service ● Framing ● Security ● Detect, correct errors ● Compression ● Medium Access Control ● Naming, addressing ● Routing ● Application ● Reliability ● In-order delivery
  • 5. OSI Layering ● What is layering? Application – “ Structuring technique Presentation which permits the network... to be viewed Session as logically composed of Transport a succession of layers, each wrapping the lower Network layers and isolating them Link-Layer-Ctrl from higher layers” Medium-Access [Zim80] Physical    
  • 6. Advantages of Layering ● Handle heterogeneity ● Software reuse, modularity ● Allows extensibility, new technologies    
  • 7. Inter-Layer Communication Layer N+1 Layer N+1 Downcall Upcall Layer N Layer N Layer N-1 Layer N-1 PHY Host-1 Host-2 Interface definition between layers is crucial    
  • 8. Encapsulation & Decapsulation Layer N+1 Layer N+1 Layer N Layer N Layer N-1 Layer N-1 PHY Host-1 Host-2 Each layer adds/removes its header    
  • 9. Logical Communication between Layers at the Same Level Application Application Logical Transport Transport Logical Network Network Logical LLC/MAC LLC/MAC Logical PHY PHY PHY   Host-1   Host-2
  • 10. End-to-end versus Hop-by-hop Application Application Logical Transport Transport Logical Network Network Network Network Logical Logical Logical LLC/MAC LLC/MAC LLC/MAC LLC/MAC Logical Logical Logical PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY End-Host-1 Intermediate- Intermediate- End-Host-2 Host-1 Host-2    
  • 11. Summary of Concepts ● Layering ● Inter-layer communication ● Encapsulation ● End-to-end versus hop-by-hop communication ● Concepts not covered from Chapter-1 of Peterson book: – Packet switching – Sockets – Protocol graph   – Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP)