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Exploration routing chapter_3
1.
Introduction to Dynamic
Routing Protocol Routing Protocols and Concepts – Chapter 3 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
2.
Objectives
Describe the role of dynamic routing protocols and place these protocols in the context of modern network design. Identify several ways to classify routing protocols. Describe how metrics are used by routing protocols and identify the metric types used by dynamic routing protocols. Determine the administrative distance of a route and describe its importance in the routing process. Identify the different elements of the routing table. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
3.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Function(s) of Dynamic Routing Protocols: -Dynamically share information between routers. -Automatically update routing table when topology changes. -Determine best path to a destination. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
4.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
The purpose of a dynamic routing protocol is to: -Discover remote networks -Maintaining up-to-date routing information -Choosing the best path to destination networks -Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
5.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Components of a routing protocol Algorithm In the case of a routing protocol algorithms are used for facilitating routing information and best path determination Routing protocol messages These are messages for discovering neighbors and exchange of routing information ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
6.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Advantages of static routing -It can backup multiple interfaces/networks on a router -Easy to configure -No extra resources are needed -More secure Disadvantages of static routing -Network changes require manual reconfiguration -Does not scale well in large topologies ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
7.
Classifying Routing Protocols
Dynamic routing protocols are grouped according to characteristics. Examples include: -RIP -IGRP -EIGRP -OSPF -IS-IS -BGP Autonomous System is a group of routers under the control of a single authority. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
8.
Classifying Routing Protocols
Types of routing protocols: -Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) -Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP) ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
9.
Classifying Routing Protocols
Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (IGP) -Used for routing inside an autonomous system & used to route within the individual networks themselves. -Examples: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF Exterior Routing Protocols (EGP) -Used for routing between autonomous systems -Example: BGPv4 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
10.
Classifying Routing Protocols
IGP: Comparison of Distance Vector & Link State Routing Protocols Distance vector – routes are advertised as vectors of distance & direction. – incomplete view of network topology. –Generally, periodic updates. Link state – complete view of network topology is created. – updates are not periodic. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
11.
Classifying Routing Protocols ITE
PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
12.
Classifying Routing Protocols
Classful routing protocols Do NOT send subnet mask in routing updates Classless routing protocols Do send subnet mask in routing updates. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
13.
Classifying Routing Protocols
Convergence is defined as when all routers’ routing tables are at a state of consistency ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
14.
Routing Protocols Metrics
Metric A value used by a routing protocol to determine which routes are better than others. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
15.
Routing Protocols Metrics
Metrics used in IP routing protocols -Bandwidth -Cost -Delay -Hop count -Load -Reliability ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
16.
Routing Protocols Metrics
The Metric Field in the Routing Table Metric used for each routing protocol -RIP - hop count -IGRP & EIGRP - Bandwidth (used by default), Delay (used by default), Load, Reliability -IS-IS & OSPF – Cost, Bandwidth (Cisco’s implementation) ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
17.
Routing Protocols Metrics
Load balancing This is the ability of a router to distribute packets among multiple same cost paths ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
18.
Administrative Distance of
a Route Purpose of a metric It’s a calculated value used to determine the best path to a destination Purpose of Administrative Distance It’s a numeric value that specifies the preference of a particular route ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
19.
Administrative Distance of
a Route Identifying the Administrative Distance (AD) in a routing table It is the first number in the brackets in the routing table ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
20.
Administrative Distance of
a Route Dynamic Routing Protocols ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
21.
Administrative Distance of
a Route Directly connected routes Have a default AD of 0 Static Routes Administrative distance of a static route has a default value of 1 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
22.
Administrative Distance of
a Route Directly connected routes -Immediately appear in the routing table as soon as the interface is configured ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
23.
Summary
Dynamic routing protocols fulfill the following functions -Dynamically share information between routers -Automatically update routing table when topology changes -Determine best path to a destination Routing protocols are grouped as either -Interior gateway protocols (IGP)Or -Exterior gateway protocols(EGP) Types of IGPs include -Classless routing protocols - these protocols include subnet mask in routing updates -Classful routing protocols - these protocols do not include subnet mask in routing update ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
24.
Summary
Metrics are used by dynamic routing protocols to calculate the best path to a destination. Administrative distance is an integer value that is used to indicate a router’s “trustworthiness” Components of a routing table include: -Route source -Administrative distance -Metric ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
25.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter
1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
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